Bsi bs en 62271 110 2012

BS EN 62271-110:2012 BSI Standards Publication High-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 110: Inductive load switching BS EN 62271-110:2012 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62271-110:2012 It is identical to IEC 62271-110:2012, incorporating corrigendum October 2012 It supersedes BS EN 62271-110:2009, which is withdrawn IEC corrigendum October 2012 corrects paragraph four in Subclause 6.114.3 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/17, Switchgear, controlgear, and HV-LV co-ordination, to Subcommittee PEL/17/1, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 71748 ICS 29.130.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2013 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected EN 62271-110 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2012 ICS 29.130.10 Supersedes EN 62271-110:2009 English version High-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 110: Inductive load switching (IEC 62271-110:2012 + corrigendum Oct 2012) Appareillage haute tension Partie 110: Manoeuvre de charges inductives (CEI 62271-110:2012 + corrigendum Oct 2012) Hochspannungs-Schaltgeräte und Schaltanlagen Teil 110: Schalten induktiver Lasten (IEC 62271-110:2012 + corrigendum Oct 2012) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-11-01 CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels © 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members Ref No EN 62271-110:2012 E BS EN 62271-110:2012 EN 62271-110:2012 -2- Foreword The text of document 17A/1016/FDIS, future edition of IEC 62271-110, prepared by SC 17A, "Highvoltage switchgear and controlgear", of IEC TC 17, "Switchgear and controlgear" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62271-110:2012 The following dates are fixed: • • latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dop) 2013-08-01 (dow) 2015-11-01 This document supersedes EN 62271-110:2009 EN 62271-110:2012 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 62271110:2009: – former Table has been split into three new tables to conform with EN 62271-100 and to address actual in-service circuit configurations; – the criteria for successful testing has been revised to a more explicit statement (see 6.114.11a); – comments received in response to 17A/959/CDV and 17A/981/RVC have been addressed This standard is to be read in conjunction with EN 62271-1:2008, and with EN 62271-100:2009, to which it refers and which are applicable, unless otherwise specified In order to simplify the indication of corresponding requirements, the same numbering of clauses and subclauses is used as in EN 62271-1 and EN 62271-100 Additional subclauses are numbered from 101 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62271-110:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: IEC 62271-106 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-106 -3- BS EN 62271-110:2012 ENEN 62271-110:2012 62271-110:2012 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies Annex ZA of EN 62271-100:2009 is applicable with the following addition: Publication Year Title EN/HD IEC 62271-100 2008 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear EN 62271-100 Part 100: Alternating current circuit-breakers Year 2009 BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 –2– –2– 62271-110 © IEC:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 CONTENTS CONTENTS FOREWORD FOREWORD General 2 General 1.1 Scope 6 1.1 1.2 Scope Normative references 1.2 Normative references Normal and special service conditions Normaland anddefinitions special service conditions Terms 4 Terms definitions Ratingsand Ratings Design and construction 8 6 Design and construction 8 Type tests Type 6.1 tests General 7 6.1 General 6.2 Dielectric tests 6.2 Dielectric tests 6.3 Radio interference voltage (r.i.v.) test 6.3 Radio interference (r.i.v.) 6.4 Measurement of thevoltage resistance of test circuits 6.4 Measurement of the resistance of circuits 6.5 Temperature-rise tests 6.5 Temperature-rise tests 6.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests 6.6 Short-time current and peak withstand current tests 6.7 Verificationwithstand of protection 6.7 Verification of protection 6.8 Tightness tests 6.8 Tightness tests 6.9 Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC) 6.9 compatibility tests Mechanical and environmental tests(EMC) 6.101 Electromagnetic andprovisions environmental tests 6.101 6.102 Mechanical Miscellaneous for making and breaking tests 6.102 for making making and and breaking breaking tests tests 6.103 Miscellaneous Test circuits forprovisions short-circuit 10 6.103 circuits for making and breaking tests 10 6.104 Test Short-circuit testshort-circuit quantities 6.104 6.105 Short-circuit test quantities procedure 10 6.105 test procedure 6.106 Short-circuit Basic short-circuit test-duties 10 6.106 test-duties 10 6.107 Basic Criticalshort-circuit current tests 6.107 currentand tests 6.108 Critical Single-phase double-earth fault tests 10 6.108 and double-earth fault tests 6.113 Single-phase High-voltage motor current switching tests 10 6.113 current switching tests 10 6.114 High-voltage Shunt reactormotor current switching tests 16 6.114 reactor current switching tests 16 RoutineShunt tests 27 Routine tests 27 Guide to selection of switchgear and controlgear 27 to selection of switchgear and controlgear Guide Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders 27 27 to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders 27 10 Information Transport, storage, installation, operation and maintenance 27 10 Safety Transport, storage, installation, operation and maintenance 27 27 11 11 12 Safety Influence of the product on the environment 27 27 12 Influence of the product on theofenvironment 29 27 Annex A (normative) Calculation t values Annex A (normative) Calculation of t values 29 Bibliography 31 Bibliography 31 Figure – Motor switching test circuit and summary of parameters 12 Figure Motor switching test circuit and summary of parameters 12 Figure 2– – Illustration of voltage transients at interruption of inductive current for first phase in a three-phase earthed circuit 16 Figure clearing – Illustration of voltage non-effectively transients at interruption of inductive current for first phase clearing in a three-phase non-effectively earthed circuit 16 Figure – Reactor switching test circuit − Three-phase test circuit for in-service load circuit and test (Table 2) 18 Figure configurations – Reactor switching circuit − Three-phase test circuit for in-service load circuit and test (Table 2) 18 Figure configurations – Reactor switching circuit − Single-phase test circuit for in-service load circuit configurations 1, and (Table 2) 19 Figure – Reactor switching test circuit − Single-phase test circuit for in-service load circuit configurations 1, and (Table 2) 19 62271-110 © IEC:2012 –3– BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 Figure – Reactor switching test circuit − Three-phase test circuit for in-service load circuit configuration (Table 2) 20 Figure – Illustration of voltage transients at interruption of inductive current for a single-phase test 28 Table – Test duties at motor current switching tests 14 Table – In-service load circuit configurations 17 Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 12 kV to 170 kV for effectively and non-effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with isolated neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 1) 21 Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 100 kV to 200 kV for effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with earthed neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 2) 22 Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 12 kV to 52 kV for effectively and non-effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with isolated neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 3) 23 Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 12 kV to 52 kV for effectively and non-effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with earthed neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 4) 23 Table – Load circuit test currents 24 Table – Load circuit test currents 24 Table – Test duties for reactor current switching tests 25 BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 –6– 62271-110 © IEC:2012 HIGH-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR – Part 110: Inductive load switching General 1.1 Scope This part of IEC 62271 is applicable to a.c circuit-breakers designed for indoor or outdoor installation, for operation at frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz on systems having voltages above 000 V and applied for inductive current switching with or without additional shortcircuit current breaking duties The standard is applicable to circuit-breakers in accordance with IEC 62271-100 that are used to switch high-voltage motor currents and shunt reactor currents and also to high-voltage contactors used to switch high-voltage motor currents as covered by IEC 62271-106 For circuit-breakers applied to switch shunt reactor currents at rated voltages according to IEC 62271-1:2007 Tables 2a and 2b, combined voltage tests across the isolating distance are not required (refer to 4.2) Switching unloaded transformers, i.e breaking transformer magnetizing current, is not considered in this standard The reasons for this are as follows: a) due to the non-linearity of the transformer core, it is not possible to correctly model the switching of transformer magnetizing current using linear components in a test laboratory Tests conducted using an available transformer, such as a test transformer, will only be valid for the transformer tested and cannot be representative for other transformers; b) as detailed in IEC 62271-306 1, the characteristics of this duty are usually less severe than any other inductive current switching duty It should be noted that such a duty may produce severe overvoltages within the transformer winding(s) depending on the circuitbreaker re-ignition behaviour and transformer winding resonance frequencies Short-line faults, out-of-phase current making and breaking and capacitive current switching are not applicable to circuit-breakers applied to switch shunt reactors or motors These duties are therefore not included in this standard Subclause 1.1 of IEC 62271-100:2008 is otherwise applicable 1.2 Normative references Subclause 1.2 of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable with the following addition: IEC 62271-100:2008, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 100: Alternating-current circuit-breakers Normal and special service conditions Clause of IEC 62271-1:2007 is applicable _ To be published 62271-110 © IEC:2012 –7– BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitions of IEC 60050-441 and IEC 62271-1 apply as well as the following specific to inductive load switching 3.101 inductive current power-frequency current through a circuit-breaker drawn by an inductive circuit having a power factor 0,5 or less 3.102 small inductive current inductive current having a steady state value considerably less than the rated short-circuit breaking current 3.103 current chopping abrupt current interruption in the circuit-breaker at a point-on-wave other than the natural power-frequency current zero of the circuit connected to the circuit-breaker 3.104 virtual current chopping current chopping originated by transients in (parts of) the circuit 3.105 chopping current current interruption prior to the natural power-frequency current zero of the circuit connected to the switching device 3.106 chopping level maximum recorded value of the chopping current due to true current chopping in a specific circuit under rated voltage and normal operating conditions 3.107 load side oscillation oscillation of the interrupted load side network after current chopping or natural current zero 3.108 suppression peak first peak of the transient voltage to earth on the load side of the circuit-breaker 3.109 recovery peak maximum value of the voltage across the circuit-breaker occurring after definite polarity change of the recovery voltage Note to entry: Suppression peak and recovery peak are not necessarily the absolute maxima in the transient recovery voltage Previous breakdowns may have appeared at higher voltage values 3.110 voltage escalation increase in the amplitude of the prospective recovery voltage of the load circuit, produced by the accumulation of energy due to repeated re-ignitions BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 –8– 62271-110 © IEC:2012 3.111 re-ignition resumption of current between the contacts of a mechanical switching device during a breaking operation with an interval of zero current of less than a quarter cycle of power frequency [SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1998, 441-17-45] Note to entry: In the case of inductive load switching the initiation of the re-ignition is a high frequency event, which can be of a single or multiple nature and may in some cases be interrupted without power frequency follow current Ratings Clause of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable except for the references to short-line faults, out-of-phase making and breaking, capacitive current switching and as noted in specific subclauses below Circuit-breakers not normally have inductive load switching ratings However, circuit-breakers applied for this purpose should meet the requirement of this standard part 4.2 Rated insulation level Subclause 4.2 of IEC 62271-1:2007 is applicable with the following addition: The rated values stated in Tables 1a and 1b and Tables 2a and 2b of IEC 62271-1:2007 are applicable with the exception of columns (6) and (8) in Table 2a and column (7) in Table 2b NOTE The reason for this exception is the source-less nature of the shunt reactor load circuit NOTE In some cases (high chopping overvoltage levels, or where a neutral reactor is present or in cases of shunt reactors with isolated neutral), it can be necessary to specify an appropriate insulation level which is higher than the rated values stated above Design and construction Clause of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable 6.1 Type tests General Subclause 6.1 of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable with the following addition: Inductive current switching tests performed for a given current rating and type of application may be considered valid for another current rating and same type of application as detailed below: a) for high-voltage shunt reactor switching at rated voltage 52 kV and above, tests at a particular current rating are to be considered valid for applications up to 150 % of the tested current value; b) for shunt reactor switching at rated voltage below 52 kV, type testing is required but short circuit test duties T30 and T10 will cover the requirements provided that the TRV values of T30 and T10 are equal to or higher than the reactor switching TRV values c) for high-voltage motor switching, type testing for stalled motor currents at 100 A and 300 A is considered to cover stalled motor currents in the range 100 A to 300 A and up to the current associated with the short-circuit current of test duty T10 according to 6.106.1 of IEC 62271-100:2008 BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 20 – Lb Ls Ur Cs 62271-110 © IEC:2012 L R CL IEC 1888/12 Key Ur rated voltage Ls inductance of the source Lb inductance of the connection L inductance of the reactor Cs capacitance of the source CL capacitance of the load R representation of load losses (to obtain 1,9 amplitude factor) NOTE This is the only test circuit that can be used for this case No single-phase test circuit will give the correct test current and TRV and t values Figure – Reactor switching test circuit − Three-phase test circuit for in-service load circuit configuration (Table 2) 6.114.4 Characteristics of the supply circuit The source inductance L s shall not be smaller than that corresponding to the rated shortcircuit current of the circuit-breaker, nor larger than 10 % of the inductance of the load circuit L The source capacitance C s shall be at least 10 times the load capacitance C L The TRV of the supply circuit has a negligible influence on that of the complete circuit and is therefore not specified 6.114.5 Characteristics of the connecting leads The total inductance L b = L b1 + L b2 of the leads may be shared between the supply and the load side The value of L b is not specified but should be as small as possible 6.114.6 6.114.6.1 Characteristics of the load circuits General The load circuits shall consist of a reactor, or alternatively, an air-cored or iron-cored reactance with appropriate shunt capacitance and resistance so as to produce a prospective transient voltage not less severe than the values specified in Tables 3, 4, and 62271-110 © IEC:2012 BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 21 – Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 12 kV to 170 kV for effectively and non-effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with isolated neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 1) Rated voltage Ur Peak voltage uc kV kV +0 Time parameter t −20 % Load circuit Load circuit µs µs 12 28 16 17,5 41 11 19 24 56 13 22 36 84 15 27 52 121 55 97 72,5 169 64 115 100 233 107 190 123 286 120 210 145 337 130 230 170 395 140 248 u c and t as defined in 4.102 of IEC 62271-100:2008 NOTE The transient voltage is of a damped (1-cos) form and the values are for the first pole-to-clear Stated u c values not take arc voltage, current chopping or re-ignitions into account and actual measured u c values can be higher than those stated in this table NOTE The first-pole-to-clear factor k pp is 1,5 for this case The amplitude factor k af is assumed to be 1,9 = uc U r NOTE × k pp × 1,9 The values of t are based on a mean capacitance value of load side capacitance C L of − 500 pF for voltages below 52 kV; − 750 pF for voltages at or above 52 kV If the actual values of C L are known for a particular application, then the applicable t values can be calculated as described in the Annex A NOTE The recovery voltages given in the table are not necessarily representative for all field applications, but are suitable to determine the current chopping behaviour of the circuit-breaker In the case that a re-ignition-free window is demonstrated for controlled switching application purposes, the t time parameter can be adjusted to actual service conditions BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 22 – 62271-110 © IEC:2012 Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 100 kV to 200 kV for effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with earthed neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 2) Rated voltage Ur Peak voltage uc kV kV 100 123 +0 Time parameter t −20 % Load circuit Load circuit µs µs 155 87 155 191 97 172 145 225 105 187 170 264 114 203 245 380 167 297 300 465 185 328 362 562 203 360 420 652 220 388 550 853 250 444 800 240 300 536 100 700 - 170 200 860 - 220 u c and t as defined in 4.102 of IEC 62271-100:2008 NOTE The transient voltage is of a damped (1-cos) form and the values are for the first pole-to-clear Stated u c values not take arc voltage, current chopping or re-ignitions into account and actual measured u c values can be higher than those stated in this table NOTE The first-pole-to-clear factor k pp is 1,0 for this case The amplitude factor k af is assumed to be 1,9 = uc U r NOTE × k pp × 1,9 The values of t are based on a mean capacitance value of load side capacitance C L of − 750 pF for voltages at or above 100 kV and below 245 kV; − 600 pF for voltages of 245 kV up to and including 800 kV; − 000 pF for voltages above 800 kV If the actual values of C L are known for a particular application, then the applicable t values can be calculated as described in the Annex A NOTE The recovery voltages given in the table are not necessarily representative for all field applications, but are suitable to determine the current chopping behaviour of the circuit-breaker In the case that a re-ignition-free window is demonstrated for controlled switching application purposes, the t time parameter can be adjusted to actual service conditions 62271-110 © IEC:2012 BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 23 – Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 12 kV to 52 kV for effectively and non-effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with isolated neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 3) Rated voltage Ur Peak voltage uc kV kV +0 Time parameter t −20 % Load circuit Load circuit µs µs 12 28 13 17,5 41 16 24 56 10 18 36 84 12 22 52 121 45 79 u c and t as defined in 4.102 of IEC 62271-100:2008 NOTE The transient voltage is of a damped (1-cos) form and the values are for the first pole-to-clear Stated u c values not take arc voltage, current chopping or re-ignitions into account and actual measured u c values can be higher than those stated in this table NOTE The first-pole-to-clear factor k pp is 1,5 for this case The amplitude factor k af is assumed to be 1,9 = uc U r NOTE × k pp × 1,9 The values of t are based on a mean capacitance value of load side capacitance C L of 500 pF If the actual values of C L are known for a particular application, then the applicable t values can be calculated as described in the Annex A NOTE The recovery voltages given in the table are not necessarily representative for all field applications, but are suitable to determine the current chopping behaviour of the circuit-breaker In the case that a re-ignition-free window is demonstrated for controlled switching application purposes, the t time parameter can be adjusted to actual service conditions Table – Standard values of prospective transient recovery voltages – Rated voltages 12 kV to 52 kV for effectively and non-effectively earthed systems – Switching shunt reactors with earthed neutrals (Table 2: In-service load circuit configuration 4) Rated voltage Ur Peak voltage uc kV kV 12 +0 Time parameter t −20 % Load circuit Load circuit µs µs 19 13 17,5 27 16 24 37 10 18 36 56 12 22 52 81 45 79 u c and t as defined in 4.102 of IEC 62271-100:2008 NOTE The transient voltage is of a damped (1-cos) form and the values are for the first pole-to-clear Stated u c values not take arc voltage, current chopping or re-ignitions into account and actual measured u c values can be higher than those stated in this table NOTE The first-pole-to-clear factor k pp is 1,0 for this case The amplitude factor k af is assumed to be 1,9 = uc U r × k pp ì 1,9 BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 â IEC:2012 NOTE – 24 – 62271-110 © IEC:2012 The values of t are based on a mean capacitance value of load side capacitance C L of 500 pF If the actual values of C L are known for a particular application, then the applicable t values can be calculated as described in the Annex A NOTE The recovery voltages given in the table are not necessarily representative for all field applications, but are suitable to determine the current chopping behaviour of the circuit-breaker In the case that a re-ignition-free window is demonstrated for controlled switching application purposes, the t time parameter can be adjusted to actual service conditions The values of t are based on a calculation at 50 Hz There is no need to differentiate between 50 Hz and 60 Hz since the stress of the tests with both frequencies is equivalent This is taken into account by the overlapping tolerances for the frequency of the test current 6.114.6.2 Load circuit The inductance L of the load circuit shall be adjusted to give the following breaking currents: Table – Load circuit test currents Rated voltage Test current kV A (± 20 %) < 52 600 52 – 72,5 630 100 – 800 315 NOTE A test at 315 A is not required for rated voltages of 100 kV and 200 kV since such a current value represents an unrealistic shunt reactor rating 6.114.6.3 Load circuit The inductance L of the load shall be adjusted to give the following breaking currents: Table – Load circuit test currents Rated voltage Test current kV A (± 20 %) < 52 500 52 – 72,5 200 100 – 200 100 However, if the circuit-breaker is used to switch reactor currents smaller than these values, the load circuit should be adjusted to give the lower limit of the actual current range The lower the current the more onerous the switching duty is for the circuit-breaker 6.114.7 Earthing of the test circuit Earthing of the test circuit shall be as indicated in Figures to 62271-110 © IEC:2012 6.114.8 – 25 – BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 Test voltage For three-phase tests, the test voltage measured between the phases at the circuit-breaker location immediately prior to the opening shall, as near as possible, be equal to the rated voltage U r of the circuit-breaker (Tables 3, 4, and 6) For single-phase laboratory tests, the test voltage measured at the circuit-breaker location immediately before the opening shall, as nearly as possible, be equal to those stated in Figure For unit tests, the test voltage shall be that of the most stressed unit of the pole of the circuitbreaker If applicable, the tested unit shall include its grading capacitor 6.114.9 Test duties The reactor switching tests shall consist of three three-phase test duties or four single-phase test duties using the supply circuit detailed in 6.114.4 and the load circuits detailed in 6.114.6.2 and 6.114.6.3 Test duties and shall be made at rated filling pressure for interruption, insulation and operation and shall consist of twenty breaking operations shall be made with each load circuit with the initiation of the tripping impulse distributed at intervals of approximately electrical degrees for three-phase tests or 18 electrical degrees for single-phase tests Test duty is performed at rated filling pressure for interruption, insulation and operation for single-phase tests only and shall consist of 18 breaking operations It shall be performed with load circuit around the arc duration at which the re-ignitions occurred in the previous test series with load circuit breaking operations shall be made with the initiation of the tripping impulse at the point that gave the highest breakdown voltage u w , breaking operations with the initiation of the tripping impulse retarded by electrical degrees and breaking operations with the initiation of the tripping impulse advanced by electrical degrees If no reignition occurs in the test duty with load circuit 2, test duty shall consist of breaking operations with the initiation of the tripping impulse at the point that gave the shortest arcing time, break tests with the initiation of the tripping impulse retarded by electrical degrees and break tests with the initiation of the tripping impulse retarded by a further electrical degrees Test duty shall be performed at the minimum pressure for interruption, insulation and operation using load circuit only For three-phase tests, 10 breaking operations shall be made with the initiation of the tripping impulse distributed at intervals of approximately 18 electrical degrees For single-phase tests, 20 breaking operations shall be made with the initiation of the tripping impulse distributed at intervals of 18 electrical degrees The test duties are summarized in Table Table – Test duties for reactor current switching tests Test duty Number of breaking operations Test current determined by Three-phase Single-phase 20 20 Load circuit (6.114.6.2) 20 20 Load circuit (6.114.6.3) – 18 Load circuit (6.114.6.3) 10 20 Load circuit (6.114.6.3) BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 26 – 62271-110 © IEC:2012 The current value used in test duty 2, and is the minimum shunt reactor switching current However, if the circuit-breaker is to be used to switch reactor currents smaller than these values, the current for test duty and shall be adjusted to the lower limit of the actual current range or as close as possible to this current value Calculation of the applicable t value for such a case is described in Annex A 6.114.10 Test measurements At least the following quantities should be recorded by oscillograph or other suitable recording techniques with bandwidth and time resolution high enough to measure: – supply side voltage, phase-to-earth; – voltage across circuit-breaker terminals; – load side voltage, phase-to-earth, at the terminal of the load reactor; – load side neutral point voltage to earth (in three-phase tests); – current through the circuit-breaker 6.114.11 Behaviour and condition of circuit-breaker The criteria for successful testing are as follows: a) The circuit-breaker shall interrupt the current with at most one re-ignition leading to conduction of another loop of power frequency current This criterion applies to all three circuit-breaker poles in three-phase tests NOTE Multiple high frequency re-ignitions in any one current zero crossing can be counted as one such re-ignition b) A visual inspection shall be performed to demonstrate that the re-ignitions occurred between the arcing contacts only There shall be no evidence of puncture, flashover or permanent tracking of the internal insulating materials Wear of the parts of the arc control devices exposed to the arc is permissible provided that it does not impair breaking capability Moreover, the inspection of the insulating gap between the main contacts, if they are different from the arcing contacts, shall not show any trace of a re-ignition For circuit-breakers with sealed-for-life interrupter units, no visual inspection is required but the dielectric condition test according to 6.2.11 of IEC 62271-100:2008 shall be performed 6.114.12 Test report In addition to the requirements of Annex C of IEC 62271-100:2008, the test report shall include a thorough description of the circuit including the following details (Figures 3, and 5): – L s : inductance of the source; – – L b1 , L b2 : inductance of connections; L: inductance of reactor; – C s : capacitance of source; – C L : capacitance of load; – R: representation of load losses The following quantities shall be measured and evaluated at each test (Figures and 6): – u ma : suppression peak voltage to earth; – u in : initial voltage (at the instant of chopping); – u mr : load side voltage peak to earth (if more than u ma ); arcing time – 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 27 – BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 In three-phase tests, the above quantities shall be reported for all three circuit-breaker poles NOTE The application of the test results to predict overvoltages in actual installations is treated in IEC 62271-306 Routine tests Clause of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable Guide to selection of switchgear and controlgear Clause of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable and for further reference see IEC 62271-306 If maximum overvoltage values have been specified, the overvoltage values calculated using the data obtained from the test results should be compared to the values specified If an arcing window without re-ignition has been specified, the arcing window without reignition measured during the tests should be equal to or greater than the specified value Evaluation in this regard should consider the actual system frequency Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders Clause of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable 10 Transport, storage, installation, operation and maintenance Clause 10 of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable 11 Safety Clause 11 of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable 12 Influence of the product on the environment Clause 12 of IEC 62271-100:2008 is applicable BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 28 – 62271-110 © IEC:2012 u ua Supply side voltage up u0 uma us uin uw t ur umr IEC 2294/08 Key u0 power frequency voltage crest value to earth ua arc voltage drop of circuit-breaker u in = u + u a initial voltage to earth at the moment of current chopping u ma suppression peak voltage to earth u mr load side voltage peak voltage to earth up maximum overvoltage to earth (could be equal to u ma or u mr ) us maximum peak-to-peak voltage excursion at re-ignition uw voltage across the circuit-breaker at re-ignition ur voltage across the circuit-breaker at the recovery voltage peak Figure – Illustration of voltage transients at interruption of inductive current for a single-phase test 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 29 – BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 Annex A (normative) Calculation of t values For the following cases, the required test circuit t values shall be calculated as described in this annex: a) for circuit-breakers rated at less than 52 kV, where the required test current is less than the 500 A value stated in Table 8; b) for circuit-breakers rated 52 kV to 72,5 kV, where the required test current is less than the 200 A value stated in Table 8; c) for circuit-breakers rated at 100 kV to 200 kV, where the required test current is less than the 100 A value stated in Table Step 1: Calculate the required inductance (L) L= Ur ωI where U r is the rated voltage, I is the required test current and ω = 314 rad/s at 50 Hz L= 1,84 U r , with U r in kV, I in A and L in H, all at 50 Hz I Step 2: Calculate the required t value Case 1: Reactor neutral earthed Time to peak T for (1 - cosine) function is given by: T= π LC Ratio t /T for an amplitude factor of 1,9 is 0,873: t3 = 0,873 × π × LC = 2,74 × LC × 10 μs where the value of C in F is taken from NOTE in Tables 3, 4, and (default value if actual value is not known) Case 2: Reactor neutral isolated = t3 0,873 × π × 1,5 = LC 3,36 × LC × 106 μs Example 1: U r = 245 kV, 50 Hz and required test current 75 A, reactor neutral earthed L= 1,84 × 245 = 6H 75 −12 342 μs t= × 10= 2,74 × 600 × 10 BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 Example 2: – 30 – 62271-110 © IEC:2012 U r = 36 kV, 50 Hz and required test current 350 A, reactor neutral isolated L= 1,84 × 36 = 0,19 H 350 t = 3,36 0,19 × 500 × 10 −12 × 10 = 32,7 μs 62271-110 © IEC:2012 – 31 – BS EN 62271-110:2012 62271-110 © IEC:2012 Bibliography IEC 62271-106, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 106: Alternating current contactors, contactor-based controllers and motor-starters IEC 62271-306, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to alternating current circuit-breakers _ _ To be published This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited About us Revisions We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards 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