+A1:2013 BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 It is identical to IEC 61034-2:2005, incorporating amendment 1:2013 It supersedes BS EN 61034-2:2005 which will be withdrawn on 25 June 2016 The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to IEC text carry the number of the IEC amendment For example, text altered by IEC amendment is indicated by The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/20, Electric cables, to Subcommittee GEL/20/18, Fire testing A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 October 2005 © The British Standards Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 580 74858 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 31 October 2013 Implementation of IEC amendment 1:2013 with CENELEC endorsement A1:2013 Annex ZA updated EN 61034-2:2005+A1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM August 2013 ICS 13.220.40; 29.020; 29.060.20 English version Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions Part 2: Test procedure and requirements (IEC 61034-2:2005) Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des conditions définies Partie 2: Procédure d'essai et exigences (CEI 61034-2:2005) Messung der Rauchdichte von Kabeln und isolierten Leitungen beim Brennen unter definierten Bedingungen Teil 2: Prüfverfahren und Anforderungen (IEC 61034-2:2005) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-06-01 CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels © 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members Ref No EN 61034-2:2005 E BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) –2– Foreword The text of document 20/755/FDIS, future edition of IEC 61034-2, prepared by IEC TC 20, Electric cables, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61034-2 on 2005-06-01 The principal changes with respect to EN 50268-2 are as follows: a) inclusion of non-circular cables; b) addition of guidance on testing cables above 80 mm diameter; c) delineation of elements of the test report; d) addition of guidance on the calculation for other parameters for fire safety engineering purposes The following dates were fixed: – – latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-03-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-06-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61034-2:2005 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: IEC 60695-6-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-6-1:2005 (not modified) –3– BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) Foreword to amendment A1 The text of document 20/1429/FDIS, future edition of IEC 61034-2:2005/A1, prepared by IEC TC 20, “Electric cables” was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 61034-2:2005/A1:2013 The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-03-25 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-06-25 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This standard covers the Principle Elements of the Safety Objectives for Electrical Equipment Designed for Use within Certain Voltage Limits (LVD - 2006/95/EC) Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61034-2:2005/A1:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) –4– CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Test apparatus Test assembly 5.1 5.2 5.3 Test Evaluation of test results 10 Retest procedure 10 Test report 10 Test sample Cable test piece selection and test sample assembly Positioning of test sample procedure 8 9 Bibliography 18 Annex A (informative) Guidance on the principles and use of smoke measurements 14 Annex B (informative) Recommended performance requirement 17 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications 19 Figure — Method of binding for bundles of test pieces 11 Figure — Method of support of test sample 12 –5– BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) INTRODUCTION The measurement of smoke density is an important aspect in the evaluation of the burning performance of cables as it is related to the evacuation of persons and accessibility for firefighting IEC 61034 is published in two parts, which together specify a method of test for measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions Users of this test are reminded that the configurations of cable in the test (i.e as test pieces or bundles of test pieces) may not represent actual installation conditions Part gives details of the test apparatus and verification procedure to be used for the measurement of smoke density of the products of combustion of cables burnt under defined conditions It includes details of a test enclosure of 27m ³ volume, a photometric system for light measurement, the fire source, smoke mixing method and a qualification procedure This Part gives the test procedure, together with an informative annex giving recommended requirements for compliance where no specified requirement is given in the particular cable standard or specification The measurement of smoke density is expressed in terms of minimum levels of light transmittance, and Annex A explains possibilities for using these values for fire safety engineering calculations This page deliberately set blank –7– BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) This part of IEC 61034 provides details of the test procedure to be employed for the measurement of the density of smoke emitted from cables burning under defined conditions It describes the means of preparing and assembling cables for test, the method of burning the cables, and gives recommended requirements for evaluating test results The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies IEC 60695-4, IEC 60811-203, Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials – Part 203: General tests – Measurement of overall dimensions IEC 61034-1, IEC Guide 104:1997, ISO/IEC 13943:2000, For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60695-4 apply, or if a term is not defined in IEC 60695-4 then the definition in ISO/IEC 13943 applies The test procedure defined in this Part of IEC 61034 shall be carried out using the test apparatus, i.e test enclosure, photometric system and standard fire source, given in IEC 61034-1 BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) –8– The test sample shall consist of one or more test pieces of cable, each 1,00 m ± 0,05 m long, which shall be carefully straightened and then conditioned for at least 16 h at 23 °C ± °C 5.2.1.0 General The cable diameter shall be measured using the method given in IEC 60811-203 The measurement shall be made at each of three places, separated by at least m The average of the three values obtained shall be rounded to obtain the overall diameter If the calculation gives or more for the second decimal figure, raise the first to the next number; thus, for example, 5,75 is rounded to 5,8 and 5,74 to 5,7 The overall diameter obtained shall be used for the selection of the number of test pieces. 5.2.1.1 Cables with an overall diameter greater than 5,0 mm For cables with an overall diameter greater than 5,0 mm , the number of test pieces required to make up the test sample shall be in accordance with Table mm D > 40,0 20,0 < D ≤ 40,0 0,0 < D ≤ 20,0 5,0 < D ≤ 10,0 where = 45 test pieces The value of shall be rounded downwards to the integer to give the number of test pieces 5.2.1.2 Cables with an overall diameter of less than or equal to 5,0 mm, but not less than 1,0 mm For cables with an overall diameter of less than or equal to 5,0 mm, but note less than 1,0 mm seven test pieces shall be formed into a bundle The number of bundles ( ) required to make up the test sample shall be calculated according to the following formula: The value of = 45 shall be rounded downwards to the integer to give the number of bundles For each bundle, the seven test pieces shall be twisted together with a lay between 20 and 30 and bound with two turns of approximately 0,5 mm diameter wire in the centre and at every 100 mm each side from the centre (see Figure 1) –9– BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) The test sample for non-circular cables shall be a flat horizontal unit in which the minor axis of each test piece is presented to the fire source The unit shall be bound with two turns of approximately 0,5 mm wire in the centre and at every 100 mm each side from the centre (see Figure 3) The number of test pieces required to make up the test sample shall be in accordance with Table 1, except that in the case of cables in which the overall diameter is less than or equal to 5,0 mm, the test pieces shall not be bundled and the number of test pieces in the flat horizontal unit calculated according to the formula N = 45/D The following criteria for determination of the overall diameter (D) to be used in the determination of the number of test pieces shall apply for cables in which the minor axis is 2,0 mm or greater: a) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio is equal to or less than 3, the nominal minor axis shall be used as the overall diameter (D); b) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio lies between and 16, the overall diameter (D) shall be taken as half the circumference of the cable divided by 3,14 (π) For cables in which the minor axis is less than 2,0 mm or the major to minor axis ratio exceeds 16, the test criteria shall be given in the product standard or, if not, agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. The test sample shall remain in situ during the test as follows: – individual test pieces or bundles of test pieces shall be bound together at the ends, and at 300 mm from each end, at which place they shall be clamped to the support by means of wire binders NOTE Depending upon construction, test samples prepared from small cables or flexible cables may be subject to movement during the test In these cases, it is also recommended that the test pieces or bundles are bound with two turns of approximately 0,5 mm diameter wire in the centre and at every 100 mm each side from the centre Alternatively, the test pieces or bundles may be tensioned at one or both ends by means of an appropriate device, for example a spring or a weight The tray containing the alcohol shall be supported above the ground surface to permit air circulation around and beneath the tray The individual test pieces or the bundles of test pieces shall be laid touching in a horizontal position and centred above the tray so that the distance between the underneath of the test sample and the bottom of the tray is 150 mm ± mm (see Figure 2) NOTE Before each test, it may be necessary to clean the windows of the photometric system to regain 100 % light transmission after stabilization of the voltage (see also Clause A.2 of IEC 61034-1) Immediately before commencing a test, the temperature within the cube shall be in the range of 25 °C ± °C when measured at the internal door surface at a height of 1,5 m to 2,0 m and a minimum of 0,2 m from the walls Before a test, carry out one blank test as defined in Clause of IEC 61034-1 to preheat the test enclosure if necessary For the test, the fire source shall be as defined in Clause of IEC 61034-1 BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) – 10 – With the test sample supported above the tray, start the air circulation and ignite the alcohol Make sure that all persons leave the cube immediately, and that the door is closed The test is considered as ended when there is no decrease in light transmittance for after the fire source has extinguished or when the test duration reaches 40 Record the minimum light transmittance The light transmittance l t shall be calculated as follows: l t = I t /I where It is the intensity of transmitted light; I0 is the intensity of incident light lt shall be expressed as a percentage NOTE If it is required to use information on smoke density for wider hazard evaluation or fire safety engineering purposes, it may be necessary to calculate other parameters Guidance on such calculations is given in Annex A Extract the combustion products at the end of each test The requirement shall be given in the relevant cable specification For cables up to and including 80 mm overall diameter, the recorded minimum light transmittance (6.6) shall be taken as the cable light transmittance For cables above 80 mm overall diameter, the recorded minimum light transmittance (6.6) shall be normalized by multiplying by a factor of /80 (where is the actual diameter in millimetres of the cable under test) and the resulting value shall be taken for determining compliance. NOTE If no value is given in the relevant cable specification it is recommended that the recommendation in Annex B be adopted as a minimum In the event of a failure, as judged by the requirements of the relevant standard, two further test samples, taken from the same cable length shall be tested If both comply, the test shall be deemed successful The test report shall include the following information: a) full description of cable tested; b) manufacturer of cable tested; c) the overall diameter of the cable tested; d) the number and disposition of test pieces in the test sample; e) details of any binding or tensioning of the test pieces in the test sample; f) the minimum light transmittance recorded during the test duration BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) – 11 – 100 wire binder centre number of test pieces = 100 100 100 BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) – 12 – 250 250 150 100 A 520 60 400 60 500 B A Side view support back wall B Plan view metal tray floor test sample BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) – 13 – 100 100 100 100 000 ± 50 IEC 1377/13 Key minor axis of cable wire binder major axis of cable n test pieces Figure – Method of assembly of flat horizontal unit of non-circular cables BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) – 14 – (informative) Smoke consists of an aerosol of particles which can either be measured as a function of its gravimetric properties, its light obscuring properties, or a mixture of the two This standard measures smoke as a function of light obscuring properties which are a function of the number and size of the particles in the light path If the particles are considered as opaque, the capacity of the smoke to obscure light is related to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the particles in the light path It is measured in units of area, e.g in square metres (m ), and is called the extinction area, see A.1.2 Optical smoke measurements are derived from Bouguer's Law which describes the attenuation of monochromatic light by smoke t e = (1/ ) ln ( t where ) t is the intensity of transmitted light; is the intensity of incident light; is the light path length through the smoke ; is the linear Napierian absorption coefficient (or extinction coefficient) NOTE The units of are of reciprocal length and are expressed, e.g., in m -1 In some cases, including this standard, base 10 logarithms are used to calculate the optical density, ', where = log 10 ( t ) and also to calculate the optical density per unit light path length, ( ), which is also known as the linear decadic absorption coefficient or the decadic extinction coefficient NOTE has units of reciprocal length, e.g m –1 t = 10 – = (1/ ) log 10 ( = ln 10 or t) = 2,303 BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) – 15 – A useful measurement of the amount of smoke, particularly for fire safety engineering purposes, is the total effective cross sectional area of all the smoke particles This is known as the extinction area of the smoke, The extinction area is related both to the extinction coefficient of the smoke and to the volume that the smoke is contained within, by the equation: where is the volume of the chamber in which the smoke is contained The extinction area of smoke can also be calculated from using the equation = 2,303 has units of area, e.g m NOTE Correlations have been established between visibility levels in smoke and measurements of smoke extinction coefficient for targets with specified contrast and illumination It has been found that visibility is inversely proportional to (or ), i.e ω × is a constant If the relationship between visibility ( ω) and (or ) is known, then visibility can be readily calculated if the amount of smoke (extinction area) is known and the volume occupied by the smoke is also known ω = where γ ω γ = 2,303 ω The output from the evaluation of the test results is a transmittance, ( t ), which is usually expressed as a percentage This enables the determination of the dimensionless optical density, , = log 10 ( t ) and the linear decadic absorption coefficient, = (1/ ) × where is the light path length through the test cube (nominally m) The extinction area of the smoke is calculated from = 2,303 where is the volume of the test cube (nominally 27m ) BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) The extinction area per length of cable, where – 16 – , is calculated from is the number of test pieces Data from the test can then be used to predict visibility for a defined fire scenario NOTE General guidance is given in IEC 60695-6-1, Fire hazard testing – Part 6-1: Smoke opacity – General guidance – 17 – BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) (informative) The performance requirements for a particular type or class of insulated conductor or cable should preferably be given in the individual cable standard In the absence of any given requirement, it is recommended that a value of 60 % cable light transmittance is adopted as a minimum for any cable tested against this standard BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) IEC 60695-6-1, – 18 – – 19 – BS EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 EN 61034-2:2005+A1:2013 (E) Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60695-4 2005 Fire hazard testing - Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for electrotechnical products - - IEC 60811-203 - Electric and optical fibre cables - Test methods for non-metallic materials Part 203: General tests - Measurement of overall dimensions EN 60811-203 - IEC 61034-1 2005 Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions Part 1: Test apparatus EN 61034-1 2005 IEC Guide 104 1997 The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications - - ISO 13943 2000 Fire safety - Vocabulary EN ISO 13943 2000 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited About us Revisions We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards -based solutions Our British Standards and other publications are updated by amendment or 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