245 This scenario will require significant investment in advanced irrigation technologies, particularly drip irrigation systems for agriculture, as well as recycling technology for waste water treatme[.]
245 This scenario will require significant investment in advanced irrigation technologies, particularly drip irrigation systems for agriculture, as well as recycling technology for waste water treatment to reduce existing pressure on and overexploitation of underground water This will accelerate the already increasing energy demand, presenting the country with critical challenges in terms of energy intensity and affordability Against this backdrop, the lack of investment in modern energy resources in SC4 will make the country more dependent on fossil fuel (i.e coal, oil, gas) and energy imports at much higher cost, eventually resulting in increased energy spending and deterioration of energy affordability However, SC4 will generate fewer negative impacts on food security in comparison to other non-nexus approach scenarios Since water is the most critical factor in food production and agricultural development, improving water efficiency will benefit the food production cycle In summary, the key consideration for the policy makers in SC4 is how to manage the increased cost of providing greater energy access without significantly impacting energy affordability, which would potentially impact water security as well because energy is one of the main resources in water supply and transportation These negative effects on energy and food security have the potential to offset some of achievements made in terms of enhanced water securities in Vietnam in SC4 during the 2014–2030 period 7.1.5 SC5 Food-Water-Energy Scenario In the SC5 Food-Water-Energy Scenario (hereinafter, SC5), the GDP will increase the by more than 224% in GDP—from US$ 131.5 billion in 2014 to US$ 426.6 billion in 2030 This scenario is 29.2% higher (US$ 96.5 billion) than that of SC1, and 24% higher (US$ 82.5 billion) than that of SC2 Moreover, the GDP of SC3 is 23.2% (US$ 80.4 billion) lower than that of SC5, while that of SC4 is 11.4% lower (US$ 43.6 billion) In this scenario, total employment will rise from 52.7 million jobs in 2014 to 215.1 million jobs in 2030 This figure is higher than that of SC1 by 18.1% (equivalent to 33 million jobs), that of SC3 by 10.3% (20.1 million jobs), and of SC4 by 10.9% (21.2 million jobs)