BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 BSI Standards Publication Industrial-process control valves Part 8-4: Noise considerations — Prediction of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60534-8-4:2015 It is identical to IEC 60534-8-4:2015 It supersedes BS EN 60534-8-4:2005 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/65, Measurement and control, to Subcommittee GEL/65/2, Elements of systems A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2016 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 580 82833 ICS 17.140.20; 23.060.40; 25.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2016 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60534-8-4 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2015 ICS 17.140.20; 23.060.40; 25.040.40 Supersedes EN 60534-8-4:2005 English Version Industrial-process control valves - Part 8-4: Noise considerations Prediction of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow (IEC 60534-8-4:2015) Vannes de régulation des processus industriels Partie 8-4: Considérations sur le bruit - Prévisions du bruit généré par un écoulement hydrodynamique (IEC 60534-8-4:2015) Stellventile für die Prozessregelung Teil 8-4: Geräuschbetrachtungen - Vorausberechnung der Geräuschemission für flüssigkeitsdurchströmte Stellventile (IEC 60534-8-4:2015) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-10-20 CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members Ref No EN 60534-8-4:2015 E BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 EN 60534-8-4:2015 European foreword The text of document 65B/1005/FDIS, future edition of IEC 60534-8-4, prepared by SC 65B "Measurement and control devices", of IEC/TC 65 "Industrial-process measurement, control and automation" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60534-8-4:2015 The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2016-07-20 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2018-10-20 This document supersedes EN 60534-8-4:2005 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60534-8-4:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 EN 60534-8-4:2015 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies NOTE When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies NOTE Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60534-1 - Industrial-process control valves Part 1: Control valve terminology and general considerations EN 60534-1 - IEC 60534-2-3 - Industrial-process control valves Part 2-3: Flow capacity - Test procedures EN 60534-2-3 - IEC 60534-8-2 - Industrial-process control valves Part 8-2: Noise considerations - Laboratory measurement of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow through control valves EN 60534-8-2 - IEC 60534-8-3 - Industrial-process control valves Part 8-3: Noise considerations - Control valve aerodynamic noise prediction method EN 60534-8-3 - –2– BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols Preliminary calculations 5.1 Pressures and pressure ratios 5.2 Characteristic presssure ratio x Fz 5.3 Valve style modifier F d 10 5.4 Jet diameter D j 10 5.5 Jet velocity 10 5.6 Mechanical power W m 10 Noise predictions 10 6.1 Internal sound pressure calculation 10 6.2 Transmission loss 13 6.3 External sound pressure calculation 14 Multistage trim 14 7.1 General 14 7.2 Preliminary calculations 15 7.3 Prediction of noise level 15 7.3.1 General criteria 15 7.3.2 Multistage devices (see Figures and 3) 15 7.3.3 Fixed multistage devices with increasing flow areas (see Figure 2) 16 Annex A (informative) Examples of given data 21 Bibliography 31 Figure – Examples of multistage trim in globe and rotary valves 16 Figure – Example of fixed multistage device with increasing flow area 17 Figure – Example of multistage trim in globe valve 17 Figure – Globe valve (Cage trim, V-port plug) 18 Figure – Globe valves (parabolic-plug) 18 Figure – Multihole trims 19 Figure – Eccentric rotary valves 19 Figure – Butterfly valves 20 Figure – Segmented ball valve – 90°travel 20 Figure A.1 – The influence of the x Fz value on prediction accuracy 30 Table – Numerical constants N Table – Typical values of Aη 11 Table – Indexed third octave center frequencies and “A” weighting factors 13 Table A.1 – Calculation: Examples to 22 BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 –3– INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS CONTROL VALVES – Part 8-4: Noise considerations – Prediction of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees) The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”) Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work International, governmental and nongovernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights International Standard IEC 60534-8-4 has been prepared by subcommittee 65B: Measurement and control devices , of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and automation This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published 2005 This edition constitutes a technical revision This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Hydrodynamic noise is predicted as a function of frequency b) Elimination of the acoustic power ratio –4– BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 65B/1005/FDIS 65B/1017/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part A list of all parts in the IEC 60534 series, published under the general title Industrial-process control valves, can be found on the IEC website The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication At this date, the publication will be • reconfirmed, • withdrawn, • replaced by a revised edition, or • amended BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 –5– INTRODUCTION It is valuable to predict the noise levels that will be generated by valves Safety requirements, such as the occupational health standards require that human exposure to noise be limited There is also data indicating that noise levels above certain levels could lead to pipe failure or affect associated equipment See IEC 60534-8-3 Earlier hydrodynamic noise standards relied on manufacturer test data and were neither generic nor as complete as desired The method can be used with all conventional control valve styles including globe, butterfly, cage type, eccentric rotary, and modified ball valves A valve restricts flow by converting pressure energy into turbulence, heat and mechanical pressure waves in the fluid contained within the valve body and piping A small portion of this mechanical vibration is converted into acoustical energy Most of the noise is retained within the piping system with only a small portion passing through the pipe wall downstream of the valve Calculation of the mechanical energy involved is straightforward The difficulties arise from determining first the acoustic efficiency of the mechanical energy to noise conversion and then the noise attenuation caused by the pipe wall This part of IEC 60534 considers only noise generated by normal turbulence and liquid cavitation It does not consider any noise that might be generated by mechanical vibrations, flashing conditions, unstable flow patterns, or unpredictable behaviour In the typical installation, very little noise travels through the wall of the control valve body The noise predicted is that which would be measured at the standard measuring point of m downstream of the valve and m away from the outer surface of the pipe in an acoustic free field Ideal straight piping is assumed Since an acoustic free field is seldom encountered in industrial installations, this prediction cannot guarantee actual results in the field This prediction method has been validated with test results based on water covering a majority of control valve types, in the DN 15 to DN 300 size range, at inlet pressures up to 15 bar However, some types of low noise valves may not be covered This method is considered accurate within ± dB(A), for most cases, if based on tested values of x FZ using the method from IEC 60534-8-2 The applicability of this method for fluids other than water is not known at this time –6– BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS CONTROL VALVES – Part 8-4: Noise considerations – Prediction of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow Scope This part of IEC 60534 establishes a method to predict the noise generated in a control valve by liquid flow and the resulting noise level measured downstream of the valve and outside of the pipe The noise may be generated both by normal turbulence and by liquid cavitation in the valve Parts of the method are based on fundamental principles of acoustics, fluid mechanics, and mechanics The method is validated by test data Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies IEC 60534-1, Industrial-process control valves – Part 1: Control valve terminology and general considerations IEC 60534-2-3, Industrial-process control valves – Part 2-3: Flow capacity – Test procedures IEC 60534-8-2, Industrial-process control valves – Part 8-2: Noise considerations – Laboratory measurement of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow through control valves IEC 60534-8-3, Industrial-process control valves – Part 8-3: Noise considerations – Control valve aerodynamic noise prediction method Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, all of the terms and definitions given in IEC 60534 series and the following apply: 3.1 acoustical efficiency η ratio of the stream power converted into sound power propagating downstream to the stream power of the mass flow 3.2 fluted vane butterfly valve butterfly valve which has flutes (grooves) on the face(s) of the disk These flutes are intended to shape the flow stream without altering the seating line or seating surface 3.3 independent flow passage flow passage where the exiting flow is not affected by the exiting flow from adjacent flow passages – 20 – BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 IEC Figure – Butterfly valves IEC Figure – Segmented ball valve – 90°travel BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 – 21 – Annex A (informative) Examples of given data Valve Single seat globe valve (no multihole trim) installed flow to open Valve size: DN 100 Nominal valve size: d = 100 mm = 0,1 m Rated C v : Required C v : C vR = 195 Seat diameter: d o : 100 mm = 0,1 m Liquid pressure recovery factor: F L = 0,92 Valve style modifier: F d = 0,42 C v = 90 Pipe Inlet nominal pipe size: DN 100 Outlet nominal pipe size: DN 100 Internal pipe diameter: D i = 107,1 mm = 0,1071 m Pipe wall thickness: t p = 3,6 mm = 0,0036 m Speed of sound in pipe: c s = 000 m/s Density of pipe material: ρs = 800 kg/m Other Speed of sound in air: c a = 343 m/s Density of air: ρa = 1,293 kg/m Table A.1 provides calculation examples for the given data and three different flow rates BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 – 22 – Table A.1 – Calculation: Examples to Example Example Example Medium: water Mass flow rate = 30 kg/s m m = 40 kg/s = 40 kg/s m Valve inlet absolute pressure p = 10 bar = 1,0 × 10 Pa p = 10 bar = 1,0 × 10 Pa p = 10 bar = 1,0 × 10 Pa Valve outlet absolute pressure p = bar = 8,0 × 10 Pa p = 6,5 bar = 6,5 × 10 Pa p = 6,5 bar = 6,5 × 10 Pa Vapour pressure of liquid p v = 2,32 × 10 Pa p v = 2,32 × 10 Pa p v = 2,32 × 10 Pa kg/m kg/m ρ = 997 kg/m Density of liquid ρ = 997 Speed of sound in liquid c = 400 m/s c = 400 m/s c = 400 m/s (1) x F = 0,200 x F = 0,350 x F = 0,350 x F (p – p v ) = 2,0 × 10 Pa x F (p – p v ) = 3,5 × 10 Pa x F (p – p v ) = 3,5 × 10 Pa F L (p – p v ) = 8,44 × 10 Pa F L (p – p v ) = 8,44 × 10 Pa F L (p – p v ) = 8,44 × 10 Pa ⇒ ∆ p c = 2,0 × 10 Pa ⇒ ∆ p c = 3,5 × 10 Pa ⇒ ∆ p c = 3,5 × 10 Pa C = C v = 90 C = C v = 90 Calculation with N 34 = 1,17 N 34 = 1,17 From example ⇒ x Fz = 0,254 ⇒ x Fz = 0,254 ⇒ x Fz = 0,354 x Fzp1 = 0,238 x Fzp1 = 0,238 x Fzp1 = 0,332 C = C v = 90 C = C v = 90 C = C v = 90 N 14 = 0,004 N 14 = 0,004 N 14 = 0,004 Differential pressure ratio ρ = 997 p − p2 xF = p1 − pv (2) Pressure differential for U vc calculation Δ p = lower of (p − p ) or F c L (p1 − pv ) (3) Differential pressure ratio of incipient cavitation noise 0,90 XFz = C + Fd N 34 FL (4) Differential pressure ratio corrected for inlet pressure x 105 xFzp1 = xFz p1 (6) 0,125 Jet diameter D j = N14 Fd (7) C FL ⇒ D j = 0,017 58 m ⇒ D j = 0,017 58 m ⇒ D j = 0,017 58 m Vena contracta velocity U vc = Wm U F m vc L = Flow conditions Acoustic efficiency factor (turbulent) η A η turb = 10 U vc = 28,801 m/s W m = 018,05 W W m = 14 042,1 W W m = 14 042,1 W ∆p = p1 – p2 = × 10 Pa ∆p = p1 – p2 = 3,5 × 10 Pa ∆p = p1 – p2 = 3,5 × 10 Pa ∆ p < x Fzp1 (p – p v ) = 2,38 × 10 Pa ∆ p > x Fzp1 (p – p v ) = 2,38 × 10 Pa ∆ p > x Fzp1 (p – p v ) = 3,32 × 10 Pa ⇒ Turbulent ⇒Cavitating ⇒ Cavitating U vc c η turb = 3,906 × 10 – η turb = 5,168 × 10 – η turb = 5,168 × 10 – 7 A η = –4,6 A η = –4,6 A η = –4,6 η cav = 3,121 × 10 – η cav = 5,005 × 10 – Acoustic efficiency factor (cavitating) η cav = 0,32 η turb (9) U vc = 28,801 m/s ρL Mechanical stream power (12) U vc = 21,772 m/s ∆pc FL (8) (11) X Fz = x Fz + 0,1 p1 − p ∆p c xFzp1 − xFzp1 exp(5 xFzp1 ) 1− x F 0,5 xF 1,5 (x − x F Fzp1 ) xFzp1 Sound power (turbulent region) Wa = η turb Wm W a = 0,002 351 W BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 – 23 – Example (10) Sound power (cavitating region) Internal sound pressure level Lpi = 10 log10 (19) Stp = (18) W a = 0,007 327 W L pi = 149,616 dB L pi = 156,563 dB L pi = 154,553 dB C = C v = 90 C = C v = 90 C = C v = 90 N 34 = 1,17 N 34 = 1,17 N 34 = 1,17 ⇒ St p = 0,399 ⇒ St p = 0,399 ⇒ St p = 0,243 f p,turb = 494,6 Hz f p,turb = 654,35 Hz f p,turb = 397,93 Hz f p,cav = 088,94 Hz f p,cav = 973,43 Hz 0,036 FL2 C Fd0,75 N34 xFzp11,5 d d p −p v 0,57 Peak sound frequency (turbulent) U vc Dj Peak sound frequency (cavitating) 1− x F fp,cav = fp,turb − xFzp1 (21) Strouhal number of jet fp,turb = Stp (20) 3,2 x 109 W ρ c a 1 Di2 Example W a = 0,011 64 W Wa = (η turb + ηcav ) Wm (13) Example xFzp1 x F 2,5 Ring frequency f r = 14 860,406 Hz f r = 14 860,406 Hz f r = 14 860,406 Hz cS fr = π Di (22) Transmission loss at ring frequency c ρ t TLfρ = −10 − 10 log10 S S S ca ρ a Di TL fr = – 44,71 dB TL fr = – 44,71 dB TL fr = – 44,71 dB – 24 – BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 Example (16) Calculate frequency distribution function (turbulent), F turb (f i ) Fturb (fi ) = − − 10 log10 1 4 f i fp,turb + fi fp,turb −1 i F turb (f i )(dB ) Example i F turb (f i )(dB) Example i F turb (f i )(dB ) –23,975 –25,189 –23,029 –22,902 –24,117 –21,957 –21,933 –23,148 –20,988 –20,964 –22,179 –20,019 –19,960 –21,175 –19,015 –18,922 –20,138 –17,978 –17,953 –19,168 –17,009 –16,950 –18,165 –16,005 –15,913 –17,127 –14,969 10 –14,945 10 –16,159 10 –14,002 11 –13,978 11 –15,190 11 –13,039 12 –12,914 12 –14,121 12 –11,985 13 –11,962 13 –13,157 13 –11,056 14 –11,034 14 –12,202 14 –10,185 15 –10,135 15 –11,233 15 16 –9,363 16 –10,287 16 17 –8,960 17 –9,524 17 –9,112 18 –9,145 18 –9,010 18 –10,105 19 –10,243 19 –9,054 19 –12,029 20 –12,083 20 –9,894 20 –14,400 21 –14,464 21 –11,553 21 –17,067 22 –17,430 22 –14,089 22 –20,175 23 –20,246 23 –16,731 23 –23,043 24 –23,115 24 –19,524 24 –25,935 25 –26,111 25 –22,487 25 –28,939 26 –29,217 26 –25,579 26 –32,049 27 –32,121 27 –28,479 27 –34,955 28 –35,132 28 –31,487 28 –37,966 29 –38,244 29 –34,599 29 –41,078 30 –41,151 30 –37,505 30 –43,985 31 –44,058 31 –40,413 31 –46,893 32 –47,274 32 –43,629 32 –50,109 33 –50,182 33 –46,536 33 –53,016 –9,422 –8,965 BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 – 25 – Example (17) Calculate F cav (f i ) Fcav (fi ) = − − 10 log10 1 4 fi fp,cav Example i F cav (F i )(dB) 1,5 f + i fp,cav −1,5 Example i F cav (F i )(dB) –38,101 –41,975 –36,493 –40,367 –35,040 –38,913 –33,586 –37,459 –32,080 –35,954 –30,524 –34,397 –29,071 –32,944 –27,565 –31,438 –26,009 –29,882 10 –24,556 10 –28,428 11 –23,103 11 –26,975 12 –21,497 12 –25,367 13 –20,046 13 –23,914 14 –18,599 14 –22,461 15 –17,107 15 –20,958 16 –15,578 16 –19,406 17 –14,174 17 –17,961 18 –12,770 18 –16,473 19 –11,419 19 –14,954 20 –10,324 20 –13,567 21 –9,494 21 –12,242 22 –9,029 22 –10,910 23 –9,103 23 –9,917 24 –9,634 24 –9,244 25 –10,563 25 –9,000 26 –11,792 26 –9,286 27 –13,085 27 –9,991 28 –14,503 28 –11,045 29 –16,104 29 –12,351 30 –17,447 30 –13,683 31 –18,889 31 –15,073 32 –20,405 32 –16,645 33 –21,943 33 –18,083 – 26 – BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 Example i L pi (f i ) (dB) (14) or (15) Calculate L pi (f i ) Lpi (fi ) = Lpi + Fturb (fi ) if turbulent η turb η cav Lpi (f i ) = Lpi + 10 log10 10 0,1 F turb ( f i ) + 10 0,1 F cav ( f i ) ηturb + ηcav ηturb + ηcav cavitating if Example i L pi (f i ) (dB) Example i L pi (f i ) (dB) 125,64 129,45 131,48 126,71 130,54 132,55 127,68 131,53 133,52 128,65 132,52 134,49 129,66 133,54 135,50 130,69 134,61 136,53 131,66 135,60 137,50 132,67 136,64 138,51 133,70 137,71 139,54 10 134,67 10 138,72 10 140,51 11 135,64 11 139,73 11 141,47 12 136,70 12 140,85 12 142,53 13 137,65 13 141,86 13 143,46 14 138,58 14 142,87 14 144,33 15 139,48 15 143,91 15 145,09 16 140,25 16 144,94 16 145,55 17 140,66 17 145,80 17 145,40 18 140,47 18 146,48 18 144,42 19 139,37 19 146,76 19 142,50 20 137,53 20 146,51 20 140,16 21 135,15 21 145,90 21 137,57 22 132,19 22 145,10 22 134,68 23 129,37 23 144,31 23 132,26 24 126,50 24 143,37 24 130,20 25 123,51 25 142,20 25 128,48 26 120,40 26 140,82 26 126,98 27 117,49 27 139,44 27 125,62 28 114,48 28 137,96 28 124,15 29 111,37 29 136,41 29 122,58 30 108,47 30 134,95 30 121,09 31 105,56 31 133,48 31 119,58 32 102,34 32 131,86 32 117,92 33 99,43 33 130,40 33 116,43 BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 – 27 – Example (24) i ∆ TL(f i ) (dB) Calculate ∆TL(f i ) f f ∆TL(fi ) = −20 log10 r + i fi fr 1,5 Example i ∆ TL(f i ) (dB) Example i ∆ TL(f i ) (dB) –61,502 –61,502 –61,502 –59,358 –59,358 –59,358 –57,420 –57,420 –57,420 –55,482 –55,482 –55,482 –53,474 –53,474 –53,474 –51,399 –51,399 –51,399 –49,461 –49,461 –49,461 –47,454 –47,454 –47,454 –45,379 –45,379 –45,379 10 –43,441 10 –43,441 10 –43,441 11 –41,502 11 –41,502 11 –41,502 12 –39,358 12 –39,358 12 –39,358 13 –37,420 13 –37,420 13 –37,420 14 –35,482 14 –35,482 14 –35,482 15 –33,475 15 –33,475 15 –33,475 16 –31,400 16 –31,400 16 –31,400 17 –29,463 17 –29,463 17 –29,463 18 –27,475 18 –27,457 18 –27,457 19 –25,385 19 –25,385 19 –25,385 20 –23,451 20 –23,451 20 –23,451 21 –21,520 21 –21,520 21 –21,520 22 –19,391 22 –19,391 22 –19,391 23 –17,478 23 –17,478 23 –17,478 24 –15,582 24 –15,582 24 –15,582 25 –13,652 25 –13,625 25 –13,625 26 –11,720 26 –11,720 26 –11,720 27 –10,104 27 –10,014 27 –10,014 28 –8,415 28 –8,415 28 –8,415 29 –7,053 29 –7,053 29 –7,053 30 –6,184 30 –6,184 30 –6,184 31 –5,846 31 –5,846 31 –5,846 32 –6,218 32 –6,218 32 –6,218 33 –7,251 33 –7,251 33 –7,251 – 28 – BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 Example (23) Calculate TL(f i ) TL(fi ) = TLfr + ∆TL(fi ) i TL(f i ) (dB) Example TL(f i ) (dB) Example TL(f i ) (dB) –106,21 –106,21 –106,21 –104,07 –104,07 –104,07 –102,13 –102,13 –102,13 –100,19 –100,19 –100,19 –98,18 –98,18 –98,18 –96,11 –96,11 –96,11 –94,17 –94,17 –94,17 –92,16 –92,16 –92,16 –90,09 –90,09 –90,09 10 –88,15 10 –88,15 10 –88,15 11 –86,21 11 –86,21 11 –86,21 12 –84,07 12 –84,07 12 –84,07 13 –82,13 13 –82,13 13 –82,13 14 –80,19 14 –80,19 14 –80,19 15 –78,18 15 –78,18 15 –78,18 16 –76,11 16 –76,11 16 –76,11 17 –74,17 17 –74,17 17 –74,17 18 –72,16 18 –72,16 18 –72,16 19 –70,09 19 –70,09 19 –70,09 20 –68,16 20 –68,16 20 –68,16 21 –66,23 21 –66,23 21 –66,23 22 –64,10 22 –64,10 22 –64,10 23 –62,18 23 –62,18 23 –62,18 24 –60,29 24 –60,29 24 –60,29 25 –58,36 25 –58,36 25 –58,36 26 –56,43 26 –56,43 26 –56,43 27 –54,72 27 –54,72 27 –54,72 28 –53,12 28 –53,12 28 –53,12 29 –51,76 29 –51,76 29 –51,76 30 –50,89 30 –50,89 30 –50,89 31 –50,55 31 –50,55 31 –50,55 32 –50,92 32 –50,92 32 –50,92 33 –51,96 33 –51,96 33 –51,96 BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 (25) – 29 – Calculate L pe,1m (f i ) Lpe,1m (fi ) = Lpi (fi ) + TL( f i ) − 10 log10 Di + t S + D +2 t i S (26) Calculate final overall sound pressure level L pAe,1m LpAe,1m Lpe,1m ( fi )+ ∆LA ( fi ) 33 10 = 10·log10 10 i=1 ∑ Example Example Example i L pe,1m (f i ) (dB) i L pe,1m (f i ) (dB) i L pe,1m (f i ) (dB) 6,762 10,574 12,602 9,978 13,807 15,819 12,885 16,732 18,726 15,793 19,658 21,633 18,804 22,692 24,645 21,916 25,830 27,757 24,824 28,764 30,664 27,835 31,806 33,675 30,947 34,954 36,787 10 33,853 10 37,897 10 39,692 11 36,757 11 40,845 11 42,593 12 39,966 12 44,109 12 45,792 13 42,856 13 47,062 13 48,659 14 45,722 14 50,012 14 51,469 15 48,628 15 53,055 15 54,239 16 51,474 16 56,160 16 56,772 17 53,815 17 58,964 17 58,564 18 55,636 18 61,650 18 59,581 19 56,611 19 63,999 19 59,741 20 56,704 20 65,684 20 59,333 21 56,254 21 67,005 21 58,671 22 55,417 22 68,331 22 57,908 23 54,515 23 69,455 23 57,400 24 53,541 24 70,409 24 57,236 25 52,475 25 71,167 25 57,453 26 51,302 26 71,722 26 57,882 27 50,103 27 72,048 27 58,226 28 48,692 28 72,167 28 58,361 29 46,941 29 71,974 29 58,153 30 44,903 30 71,383 30 57,526 31 42,334 31 70,258 31 56,360 32 38,746 32 68,269 32 54,328 33 34,806 33 65,775 33 51,801 L pAe,1m = 65,472dBA L pAe,1m = 81,582 dBA L pAe,1m = 69,939 dBA – 30 – BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 IEC Figure A.1 – The influence of the x Fz value on prediction accuracy Example is identical with example 2, but the x Fz value was shifted with 0,1 This leads a significant prediction error of 63,98 – 77,85 = –13,87 dB as shown in Figure A.1 Hence, calculations of hydrodynamic noise based on equation (3) can create uncertainties because it is only a rough estimation BS EN 60534-8-4:2015 IEC 60534-8-4:2015 © IEC 2015 – 31 – Bibliography [1] BAUMANN, H D and PAGE George W Jr “A Method to Predict Sound Levels from Hydrodynamic Sources Assocaited with Flow through Throttling Valves,” Noise Control Engineering Journal, Vol 43, No 5, September-October 1995, pp 145-158 [2] KIESBAUER, J., “An Improved Prediction Method for Hydrodynamic Noise in Control Valves,” Valve World, Vol 3, Issue 3, June 1998, pp 33-49 [3] FRANKLIN, R E and MCMILLAN J., “Noise Generation in Cavitating Flows, the Submerged Jet,” Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol 106, September 1984 [4] VDMA 24422 “Valves: Guidelines for noise calculation, Control valves and shut-off valves,” Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e.V., Beuth Verlag, Berlin, January 1989 [5] BAUMANN, H D and HOFFMANN H., “A Method for the Estimation of FrequencyDependent Sound Pressures at the Pipe Exterior of Throttling Valves,” Noise Control Engineering Journal, Vol 47, No 2, pp 49-55, March-April 1999 [6] ISA RP75.23-1995, “Considerations for Evaluating Control Instrument Society of America, Reaearch Triangle Park, NC, USA [7] Outa, Eisuke, Fumihiro Inoue, Kiyohiro Tajima and Tadahiro Machiyama, “Inception of Vortex-Generated Cavitation in an Industrial Contoured-Plug Valve,” ASME FED, Vo 177, Cavitation Inception, Book H00880, 1993 [8] KIESBAUER, J., BAUMANN, H.D.: “News in the prediction of hydrodynamic noise of control valves“, Industriearmaturen , Vulkanverlag, Essen, Germany, 2002 _ Valve Cavitation,” This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the 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