Unknown BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60255 24 2001 IEC 60255 24 2001 Electrical relays — Part 24 Common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems The European Standard EN 60255 24 2001[.]
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60255-24:2001 IEC 60255-24:2001 Electrical relays — Part 24: Common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems The European Standard EN 60255-24:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 29.120.70 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 60255-24:2001 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 60255-24:2001 It is identical with IEC 60255-24:2001 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/95, Measuring relays and protection systems, which has the responsibility to: — aid enquirers to understand the text; — present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; — monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary From January 1997, all IEC publications have the number 60000 added to the old number For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1 For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2001 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages to 53, and a back cover The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued Amendments issued since publication Amd No © BSI 08-2001 ISBN 580 38286 Date Comments EN 60255-24 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2001 ICS 29.120.70 English version Electrical relays Part 24: Common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems (IEC 60255-24:2001) Relais électriques Partie 24: Format commun pour l'échange de données transitoires (CONTRADE) dans les réseaux électriques (CEI 60255-24:2001) Elektrische Relais Teil 24: Standardformat für den Austausch von transienten Daten elektrischer Energieversorgungsnetze (COMTRADE) (IEC 60255-24:2001) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2001-05-01 CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels © 2001 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members Ref No EN 60255-24:2001 E Page EN 60255−24:2001 EN 55206-24:0021 -2- Foreword The text of document 95/120/FDIS, future edition of IEC 60255-24, prepared by IEC TC 95, Measuring relays and protection equipment, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60255-24 on 2001-05-01 The following dates were fixed: – latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2002-02-01 – latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2002-02-01 Annexes designated "informative" are given for information only In this standard, annexes A to E are informative Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60255-24:2001 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60027-2 NOTE Harmonized with IEC 60027-2A and IEC 60027-2B as HD 245.2 S1:1983 (not modified) IEC 60027-3 NOTE Harmonized as HD 245.3 S2:1991 (modified) IEC 60027-4 NOTE Harmonized as HD 245.4 S1:1987 (modified) IEC 60044-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60044-1:1999 (modified) © BSI 08−2001 Page EN 60255−24:2001 60255-24 © IEC:2001 –3– CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Scope and object Definitions 2.1 data representation 2.2 critical/non-critical 2.3 primary/secondary ratios 2.4 floating point notation 2.5 categories of files 2.6 methods of accessing data in files 10 2.7 data separators, delimiters, field lengths, data minimum and maximum values .11 COMTRADE files 12 3.1 Header file (xxxxxxxx.HDR) 12 3.2 Configuration file (xxxxxxxx.CFG) 12 3.3 Data file (xxxxxxxx.DAT) 12 3.4 Information file (xxxxxxxx.INF) .13 Header files 13 4.1 Content 13 4.2 Filenames 14 4.3 Format 14 Configuration files 14 5.1 5.2 5.3 Content 14 Filenames 14 Format 14 5.3.1 Station name, identification and revision year .15 5.3.2 Number and type of channels .15 5.3.3 Analog channel information 16 5.3.4 Status (digital) channel information 17 5.3.5 Line frequency 18 5.3.6 Sampling rate information 18 5.3.7 Date/time stamps .19 5.3.8 Data file type 19 5.3.9 Time stamp multiplication factor 20 5.4 Missing data in configuration files 20 5.5 Configuration file layout 20 Data files 20 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 © BSI 08−2001 Content 21 Data filenames .21 ASCII data file format 21 Example of an ASCII data sample 22 Binary data files .22 Example of binary data sample 24 Page EN 60255−24:2001 60255-24 © IEC:2001 –4– Information files 24 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 Content 25 Information file filenames .25 Information file structure 25 7.3.1 Public sections 26 7.3.2 Private sections 26 File characteristics 26 Section headings 26 7.5.1 Public and private section header name formatting rules 26 7.5.2 Public section header naming examples .27 7.5.3 Private section header naming examples 27 Entry line .27 7.6.1 Comment lines 28 7.6.2 Value string 28 Adding, modifying and deleting information 29 7.7.1 Deleting information 29 7.7.2 Adding information .29 Public section header and entry line definitions .29 Public record information section 29 7.9.1 Section header definition 29 7.9.2 Public record information entry line definition 30 Public event information definitions 31 7.10.1 Section heading definition 31 7.10.2 Public event information entry line definition .31 Public file description section 32 7.11.1 Section heading definition 32 7.11.2 Public file description entry line definition 32 Public analog channel section 33 7.12.1 Section heading definition 33 7.12.2 Public analog channel entry line definition 33 Public status channel section 33 7.13.1 Section heading definition 34 7.13.2 Public status channel entry line definition 34 Sample INF file .34 Annex A (informative) Sources and exchange medium for transient data .36 A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 Digital fault recorders .36 Analog tape recorders 36 Digital protective relays 36 Transient simulation programs .36 Analog simulators 37 Data exchange medium 37 © BSI 08−2001 Page EN 60255−24:2001 60255-24 © IEC:2001 –5– Annex B (informative) Data exchange sampling rates 38 B.1 B.2 B.3 Annex C Introduction 38 Sampling process structure 38 Interpolation 41 (informative) Sample file .42 Annex D (informative) Sample program for sampling frequency conversion 48 Annex E (informative) Sample applications of conversion factors 51 Bibliography 53 Figure – Example of data sample in ASCII format .22 Figure – Example of data sample in binary format .24 Figure B.1 – Typical signal processing 38 Figure B.2 – DSP solution 39 Figure B.3 – Example of sample rate conversion 40 © BSI 08−2001 Page EN 60255−24:2001 60255-24 © IEC:2001 –6– INTRODUCTION This part of IEC 60255 defines a common format for the data files and exchange medium needed for the interchange of various types of fault, test and simulation data The rapid evolution and implementation of digital devices for fault and transient data recording and testing in the electric utility industry have generated the need for a standard format for the exchange of data This data is being used with various devices to enhance and automate the analysis, testing, evaluation and simulation of power systems and related protection schemes during fault and disturbance conditions Since each source of data may use a different proprietary format, a common data format standard is necessary to facilitate the exchange of such data between applications This facilitates the use of proprietary data in diverse applications and allows users of one proprietary system to use digital data from other systems © BSI 08−2001 Page EN 60255−24:2001 60255-24 © IEC:2001 –7– ELECTRICAL RELAYS – Part 24: Common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems Scope and object This part of IEC 60255 defines a format for files containing transient waveform and event data collected from power systems or power system models This standard applies to files stored on physical media such as digital hard drives and diskettes It is not a standard for transferring data files over communication networks The format is intended to provide an easily interpretable format for use in exchanging data; as such, it does not make use of the economies available from data encoding and compression which proprietary formats depend on for competitive advantage Definitions For the purpose of this part of IEC 60255, the following definitions apply 2.1 data representations data stored in files as a series of binary bits NOTE Each bit can be either a or a The bits are organized in groups of bits called bytes When a computer reads the data in a file, it reads the data as a series of bytes 2.1.1 binary data data organized in the form of bytes NOTE The bits in a byte can be organized in 256 different combinations They can be used, therefore, to represent the numbers from to 255 If larger numbers are needed, several bytes can be used to represent a single number, e.g., bytes (16 bits) can represent the numbers from to 65535 When the bytes are interpreted in this fashion, they are known as binary data Several different formats are in common use for storage of numeric data in binary form 2.1.2 ASCII (American National Standard Code for Information Interchange) data symbols that match 127 of the combinations of eight binary bits NOTE As an alternative to a byte representing the numbers to 255, it can be used to represent 255 different symbols The American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a standard that lists symbols that match 127 of the combinations of eight binary bits, e.g the byte 01000001 represents an upper case “A” while 01100001 represents a lower case “a” With 127 different combinations, it is possible to represent all of the keys on the keyboard plus many other special symbols The remainder of the 256 combinations available from an 8-bit format are used for drawing and other special application characters To represent a number in ASCII format requires one byte for each digit of the number © BSI 08−2001 Page EN 60255−24:2001 60255-24 © IEC:2001 –8– 2.2 critical/non-critical some of the data in the configuration file is not absolutely necessary for the reproduction of the sample data, and some variables provided for in the configuration file may not be relevant to a particular application Such data may be described as non-critical and may be omitted An example of such non-critical data is the recording device channel name However, the position normally occupied by such variables must be maintained in order to maintain the integrity of the file If data is described as non-critical in any section of the standard, the position may be left empty or filled, using the space character, and the corresponding data separator following the preceding data separator applied with no intervening characters or spaces Any data which is necessary for the reproduction of the sample data is termed critical If such data is missing, the file may be unusable 2.3 primary/secondary ratios the devices used to measure and record events on a high voltage system are not capable of directly accepting the high voltage and high currents of the power system These devices are built to accept inputs in more manageable and less dangerous levels, termed secondary quantities Voltage transformers and current transformers are used to reduce the voltage and current signals on the power system to these lower values The transformer ratios are chosen so that when the power system is running at the rated or nominal primary value, the secondary value is at the nominal secondary value The ratio is specified in primary:secondary order, the convention being that the primary is closest to the source of power Primary ratings are available for all common voltages and load values on the power system Common values for the secondary values are in the region of 70 V line-to-ground, and A or A An ANSI/IEEE standard [12] 1) specifies the description and rating of these transformers Thus for a current transformer applied to a feeder and rated at 800:5, the secondary current will be at the nominal A value only when the primary load current was 800 A Lower load values result in correspondingly lower values of secondary current For three-phase applications, voltage transformers are normally rated in phase-to-phase voltage values rather than phase-to-ground The output of a voltage transformer rated at 345 kV: 120 V will be 120 V phase-to-phase (70 V phase-to-ground) only when the primary system phase-to-phase voltage runs at 345 kV The term "line-to-line" is used interchangeably with the term "phase-to-phase", and similarly the term "line-to-ground" is used instead of "phase-to-ground" 2.4 floating point notation real numbers may be stored in several ways Numbers of a limited range can be entered as a numeric string with a decimal point For larger or smaller numbers, any reasonable limit on string length leads to a loss of resolution In such cases it is desirable to store the number in a format allowing use of a representation of the significant digits (mantissa) and a multiplier (exponent) format Spreadsheets and other mathematical programs often use a floating point notation to represent such numbers COMTRADE allows the use of floating point [4] notation to represent real numbers for conversion factors in the CFG file The terms “exponential notation” or “scientific notation” are sometimes used for this form, and interpretations of the form vary Since programs designed to read COMTRADE files must be able to recognize and interpret numbers represented in this format, one single format is defined here The numbers are interpreted and displayed as follows: _ 1) Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography © BSI 08−2001