Asme y14 3m 1994 (1999) scan (american society of mechanical engineers)

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Multiview and Sectional View Drawings ASME Y14.3M-1994 [(REVISION OF ANSI Y14.3-1975 (R198711 REAFFIRMED 1999 FOR CURRENT COMMITTEE PERSONNEL PLEASE SEE ASME MANUAL AS-1 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street, New Yo&, N.Y 10017 Date of Issuance: August 31, 1994 This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that the determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of the infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s1or persons(s1 affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 1994 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A ASME Y14.3M-1994 ADOPTION NOTICE ASME Y14.3M-1994, Multiview and Sectional View Drawings, was adopted on August 1994 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD) Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, A m SMCAR-BAC-S, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000 DoD activities may obtain copies of this Standard from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 The private sector and other Government agencies may purchase copies from:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 Custodians: Army-AR Navy - SA Air Force - 16 DLA-DH Adopting Activity: AllIly-AR (Project DRPR-0327) Review activities: Army - AT, AV, CE,CR, EA,ER, GL, ME, MI, SC, SM, TE Navy - AS, EC, MC, OS, SH,TD, YD Air Force - 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, 68, 70, 71, 79, 80, 84, 90, 99 DLA - CS,ES, GS, IS NSA - NS AREA DRPR DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of ASME Y14.3M-1994.) This revision of ASME/ANSI Y 14.3-1975 includes changes to better illustrate current drafting practices pertaining to orthographic drawings and to include practices pertaining to sectional view drawings Changes include the addition of “M” for “metric,” and a corrected nomenclature in the title, namely, Multiview and Sectional View Drawings, to replace Multi and Sectional View Drawings The change in title is consistent with titles used in ASME Drawing Standards and general drawing practices Because of its coverage of line conventions and section lining, reference is made to ASME Y 14.2M, Line Conventions and Lettering The Committee is grateful for the careful reviews and constructive criticisms provided by its members and the members of Subcommittee 3, Multiview and Sectional View Drawings Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will be welcome They should be sent to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Att: Secretary, Y 14 Main Committee, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 This revision was approved as an American National Standard on February 3, 1994 iii ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE Y Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation Practices (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) OFFICERS P E McKim, Chairman F Bakos, Jr., Vice Chairman C J Gomez, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL R Anderson, GM Powertrain, General Motors Corp F Bakos, Jr., Eastman Kodak Co A D E Bowerman, Copeland Corporation J V Burleigh The Boeing Company L Burns R A Chadderdon Southwest Consultants T Chleboski, U S Department of the Army, ARDEC F A Christiana, ABB Combustion Engineering Systems M E Curtis, Rexnord Corporation H L Dubocq L W Foster, L W Foster Associates, Inc E L Kardas, Pratt & Whitney CEB C G Lance, Santa Cruz Technology Center W J McGee, National Standards Educators Association P E McKim, Caterpillar Inc E Niemiec, Westinghouse Electric Corporation R J Polizzi D L Ragon, Deere & Company, John Deere Dubuque Works J P Schmidt, Ford Motor Co R L Tennis, Caterpillar Inc R P Tremblay, Alrernafe, U.S Department of the Army, ARDEC R K Walker, Westinghouse Marine G H Whitmire TEClTREND K E Wiegandt, Sandia National Laboratory V SUBCOMMITTEE - MULTlVlEW AND SECTIONAL VIEW DRAWINGS C G Lance, Chairman, Santa Cruz Technology Center A Wilson, Vice Chairman, McDonneil Douglas Corporation M P Wright, Vice Chairman, Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory D E Bowerman, Copeland Corporation M E Curtis, Rexnord Corporation J A Foss, General Electric Company E J Graham, Trikon Company E L Kardas, Pratt & Whitney CEB K S King, Naval Surface Warfare Center P J McCuistion, Ohio University J D Meadows, Institute for Engineering and Design R D Taylor, Computer Technology Services R P Tremblay, U.S Department of the Army, ARDEC vi CONTENTS Foreword Standards Committet Roster The Multiview System of Orthographic Drawings 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Multiview Drawing Applied 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 General Definitions References Orthographic Projection Orthographic View Projection Systems Principal Views Purpose of Multiview Drawings Choice of Views Necessary Views One-View Drawings Two-View Drawings Three-View Drawings Auxiliary Views Partial Views Details Related Parts Sectional Views 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 Principles Cutting Plane Section Lining Full Sections Half Sections Lines Behind the Cutting Plane Offset and Aligned Sections Removed Sections Revolved Sections Broken-Out Sections Auxiliary Sections III v 1 1 1 9 9 10 10 11 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 19 19 23 23 23 vii -., *-a& % , Conventional Representation Definition 4.2 Conventional Representation Applied to Sections 4.3 Non-Sectioned Items in the Cutting Plane 4.4 Foreshortened and Aligned Features in Section and Exterior Views 4.5 Intersections in Section 4.6 Conventional Representation Applied to Exterior Views 4.1 25 25 25 25 27 27 29 Appendices A Space Geometry A1 Definition A2 Reference Lines and Notation A3 True Length View of a Line A4 Point View of a Line A5 Edge View of a Plane A6 True View of a Plane 33 33 33 35 35 36 36 Space Analysis and Applications B1 General B2 Clearance Between a Point and a Line B3 Clearance Between Two Lines B4 Clearance Between a’Point and a Plane B5 Point of Intersection of a Line and a Plane B6 Line of Intersection of Two Planes B7 Angle Between Two Intersecting Lines B8 Angle Between a Line and a Plane B9 Angle Between Two Planes 37 37 37 37 39 39 39 viii 40 40 40 MULTlVlEW AND SECTIONAL VIEW DRAWINGS ASME Y14.3M-1994 4.6.5 Representation of Fillets and Rounds Where sharp intersection lines of two surfaces are removed by fillets or rounds, the abrupt changes in surface directions are represented by a phantom line at the approximate intersection of the surfaces See Fig 4-13 4.6.6 Depictions of Fillets, Rounds, and Runouts Examples of fillets, rounds, and runouts for tangent and intersecting surfaces are shown in Fig 4-14 4.6.7 Conventional Representations of Breaks Examples of conventional representations of breaks, used to shorten a view of elongated features, are shown in Fig 4-15 FIG 4-11 Note: P r o j e c t e d p o i n t s a n d n u m e r a l s are n o t generally shown o n t h e drawing FIG 4-12 LARGE INTERSECTIONS 30 SMALL INTERSECTIONS MULTlVlEW AND SECTIONAL VIEW DRAWINGS / I ( I I i j I ASME Y 14.3M-1994 - \ Line added t o s h osurface w chanoe in -d ’ ~ Ar71 Larger sizesgreater detail Smaller sizesless detail FIG 4-13 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION FILLETED AND ROUNDED CORNERS m G ;J I I I el I Fq I FIG 4-14 I m 2ONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION FILLETS, ROUNDS, AND RUNOUTS 31 * - ASME Y14.3M-1994 MULTIVIEW AND SECTIONAL VIEW DRAWINGS (a) Rod (b) Tube ( c ) Tube (d) Bar I0 (e) Wood FIG 4-15 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION BREAKS IN ELONGATED FEATURES 32 APPENDIX A SPACE GEOMETRY (This Appendix is not a part of ASME Y14.3M11994, but is included for information purposes only.) FIG A1 STANDARD USE OF REFERENCE LINES BETWEEN VIEWS A1 DEFINITION A2 REFERENCE LINES AND NOTATION Space geometly is the science of graphically solving problems involving space distances and relationships (Space geometry is also referred to as descriptive geometry or engineering geometry.) The most popular and practical method of solution is that in which the principal views are supplemented by auxiliary views Four basic types of views are used: (I) the true-length view of a line (2) the point view of a line (3) the edge view of a plane ( ) the true view of a plane A2.1 Reference Lines A phantom line, used as a reference line between adjacent views, is: ( I ) an edge view of a plane of projection, (2) the intersection line of adjacent projection planes (a folding line or hinge line), or - (3) an artificial device employed as an aid in construction NOTE: It is helpful in visualizing space relationships to think of each phantom line as representing a 90-degree bend between the adjacent projection planes or, in other words, the observer's direction of viewing has changed by 90 degrees when going from one view to the ad33 T F FIG A SYMMETRICALLY PLACED REFERENCE LINE jacent view It is standard practice to represent the phantom line with two shofl dashes and one long dash alternatively The line may be labeled with letters or numerals as desired Same in all views that are adjacent to the front view Any side-adjacent view must show the same width dimension W as that shown in the front view Distance Z illustrates the correct measurement for an auxiliary-adjacent view A2.2 Construction of Auxiliary Views In the construction of auxiliary views the consistent and accurate transfer of distances from one related view to another is facilitated by the use of the phantom lines Several phantom lines are shown in Fig A1 A height dimension such as X, measured from the phantom line, must be the same in both the front view and the related top-adjacent view Similarly, distance Y must be the A2.3 Identification of Views The letters T, F, and S shown beside the phantom lines and as subscripts for points, signify Top, Front, and Side views from which the auxiliary views are developed The numbers 1, 2, 3, and signify the auxiliary views projected from 3? L POINT VIEW Y FIG A3 TRUE LENGTHS AND POINT VIEWS OF LINES the top, front or side views or from other auxiliary views A3.2 Oblique Lines An oblique line (line BC in Fig A3) is not in true length in any principal view Its true length is found in a primary auxiliary view, such as view or in Fig A3, if the phantom line is parallel to the line in the given A2.4 Symmetrical Items For symmetrical items the phantom line is on an axis of symmetry See Fig A2 A3 TRUE LENGTH VIEW OF A LINE A4 POINT VIEW OF A LINE A3.1 The true length of a line segment is the actual straight-line distance between its two end points The projection of a line will be in true length if in the adjacent view, the projection of the line is parallel to the phantom line between the views A line that is in true length in a principal view is called a principal line (lines AB and CD in Fig A3) A view with the direction of sight parallel to a straight line in space provides a point view of the line See Fig A3 A point view of a line is adjacent to a true length view, and the phantom line is perpendicular to the true length projection of the line The point view appears in a secondary auxiliary view as the line is in true length in a primary auxiliary view See line B,C, and point B3C3in Fig A3 35 FIG A EDGE AND TRUE SIZE VIEWS OF A PLANE SURFACE a point view of that true-length line will also show the plane as an edge (view or view in Fig A4) A5 EDGE VIEW OF A PLANE A5.1 A view with the direction of sight to - parallel a plane in space gives the observer a straight line or edge view of the plane An edge view is obtained whenever any line in the plane appears as a point A6 TRUE A PLANE A true view is the direction of sight perpendicular to a plane See Fig A4, views and A true view of a plane is adjacent to an edge view, and the phantom line is parallel to the edge view A5.2 If any line of the plane is in true length in one view (line ATBTor assumed line AFEF in Fig A4), then 36 APPENDIX B SPACE ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS (This Appendix is not a part of ASME Y14.3M-1994, but is included for information purposes only.) FIG B1 CLEARANCE BETWEEN A POINT AND A LINE (POINT METHOD) B1 GENERAL B1 shows the clearance between oblique line AB and point C To make a space analysis it is usually helpful to simplify the problem by reducing it to terms of points, lines, and planes A pipe can be considered in terns of its center line, or a plane surface can be treated by using only three points, a point and a line, or two lines that lie in the plane surface B2.2 Plane Method By an alternative method, the point and line can be treated as a plane, and in the true view of the plane, the perpendicular distance from the point to the line is the clearance See Fig B2 B3 CLEARANCE BETWEEN TWO LINES B2 CLEARANCE BETWEEN A POINT AND A LINE In a view of the two lines which shows one of the lines as a point, the clearance between the two lines will be in true length as the perpendicular distance from the point to the line View of Fig B3 shows the clearance between oblique lines AB and CD B2.1 Point Method In a view of the point and line which shows the line as a point, the clearance between the line and point will be in true length View of Fig 37 FIG B2 CLEARANCE BETWEEN A POINT AND A LINE (PLANE METHOD) FIG B3 CLEARANCE BETWEEN TWO OBLIQUE LINES 38 FIG B4 CLEARANCE BETWEEN A POINT AND A PLANE effective to pass a plane appearing as an edge in the front view through the given line B4 CLEARANCE BETWEEN A POINT AND A PLANE In a view of the point and plane that shows the plane as an edge, the clearance will be in true length as a perpendicular distance from the point to the edge View of Fig B4 shows the clearance between plane ABC and point X B5.2 Alternative Method A view of the line and plane showing the plane as an edge can be used to locate the point of intersection of the line and plane B5.3 The planes in Figs B5, B6, B7, and B9 are considered to be opaque with a corresponding visibility of lines in each case B5 POINT OF INTERSECTION OF A LINE AND A PLANE B5.1 When a vertical plane, that is an edge in the top view, is passed through the given line, the line of intersection of this plane with the given plane, as observed in the front view, will intersect the given line at the piercing point In Fig B5, line MN is the line of intersection between the given plane ABC and the vertical plane passed through the given line XY Line MN intersects line XY at the piercing point P It is equally B6 ,NTERSECTION of Two PLANES B6.1 If the points are determined where two lines in one plane pierce another plane, a line connecting the 39 FIG B5 INTERSECTION OF A LINE AND PLANE (PIERCING POINT) FIG 66 piercing points will be the line of intersection of the two planes Figure B6 shows the line of intersection, PR, of planes ABC and DEFG as if plane ABC were extended in area PS is the segment of the line of intersection common 'to the bounded planes INTERSECTION OF TWO PLANES two lines will be shown in the true view In Fig B8, the true size of the angle ABC is found at Bz- B8 ANGLE BETWEEN A LINE AND A PLANE A view in which the plane appears as an edge and the line appears true-length will show the true angle be- tween the line and plane Any view adjacent to a true view of a plane will show the plane as an edge This principle is employed in Fig B9 where reference line 86.2 Alternative Method A view of two planes showing one of the planes as an edge will locate the line of intersection Figure B7 shows the line of intersection PR of planes ABC and DEFG by this method 2-3 is drawn parallel to X,Y, to obtain a true-length view of XY and an edge view of plane ABC in view 89 ANGLE BETWEEN TWO PLANES The line of intersection between two planes is first identified or found by the method of B6 A view of the two planes with the line of intersection appearing as a point will show the required angle Both planes will appear as edges in this view View of Fig B10 shows the angle between planes M and N 67 ANGLE BETWEEN TWO INTERSECTING LINES Two intersecting lines form a plane whose true view is found by the method of A6 The angle between the 40 FIG B7 FIG B8 INTERSECTION OF TWO PLANES (ALTERNATIVE METHOD) ANGLE BETWEEN TWO INTERSECTING LINES 41 FIG B9 ANGLE BETWEEN A LINE AND A PLANE FIG B10 ANGLE BETWEEN T 42 O PLANES RELATED DOCUMENTS Abbreviations Y1.l-1989 American National Standard Drafting Practices Y14.1M-1992 Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format Y14.2M-1992 Line Conventions and Lettering Y14.3M-1994 Multiview and Sectional View Drawings Y14.4M-l989(R1994) Pictorial Drawing Y14.5M-l982(R1988) Dimensioning and Tolerancing Y14.6-1978(R1993) Screw Threads Screw Threads (Metric Supplement) Y14.6aM-l981(R1993) Gears and Splines Spur Helical and Racks Y14.7.1-1971(R1993) Bevel and Hypoid Y14.7.2-1978(R1994) Y14.8M-1989 Castings and Forgings Springs Y 14.13M-1981 (R1987) Y14.15-1966(R1988) Electrical and Electronics Diagrams Interconnection Diagrams Y14.15a-1971 Information Sheet Y14.15b-1973 Fluid Power Diagrams Y14.17-1966(R1987) Optical Parts Y14.18M-l986(R1993) Y14.24M-1989 Types and Applications of Engineering Drawings Parts Lists Data Lists and Index Lists Y14.34M-1989 Y14.35M-1992 Revision of Engineering Drawings and Associated Documents Y14.36-1978(R1993) Surface Texture Symbols Y14.26M-1987 Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data Y14 Technical Report 4-1989 A Structural Language Format for Basic Shape Description Y15.lM-l979(R1986) Illustrations for Publication and Projection Y15.2M-l979(R1986) Time Series Charts Y 15.3M-l979(R1986) Process Charts Graphic Symbols for: Y32.2-1975 Electrical and Electronics Diagrams Y32.4- 1977(R1987) PIum bing Y32.7-1972(R1987) Use on Railroad Maps and Profiles Fluid Power Diagrams Y32.10-1967(R1987) Y32.11-1961(R1985) Process Flow Diagrams in Petroleum and Chemical Industries Y32.18-1972(R1985) Mechanical and Acoustical Elements as Used in Schematic Diagrams Y32.2.3-1949(R1988) Pipe Fittings Valves and Piping Y32.2.4-1949(R1984) Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning Y32.2.6-1950(R1984) Heat Power Apparatus Letter Symbols for: Glossary of Terms Concerning Letter Symbols Yl0.1-1972(R1988) Y10.3M-1984 Mechanics and Time-Related Phenomena Y10.4-1982(R1988) Heat and Thermodynamics Y10.5-1968 Quantities Used in Electrical Science and Electrical Engineering Acoustics Y10.11-1984 Chemical Engineering Y10.12-1955(R1988) Y10.17-1961(R1988) Guide for Selecting Greek Letters Used as Letter Symbols for Engineering Mathematics Illuminating Engineering Y 10.1 8-1967(R1987) The ASME Publications Catalog shows a complete list of all the Standards published by the Society For a complimentary catalog or the latest information about our publications call 1-800-THE-ASME (1.800.843.2763) _lll -.-._-ii_c _y- .,