Asme ptc 34 2017 (american society of mechanical engineers)

ASME PTC 34-2017 (Revision of ASME PTC 34-2007) Waste Combustors With Energy Recovery Performance Test Codes A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D ASME PTC 34-2017 (Revision of ASME PTC 34-2007) Waste Combustors With Energy Recovery Performance Test Codes AN AM ERI CAN N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 001 USA Date of Issuance: March 20, 201 This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase Periodically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may be published as Cases Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the PTC Committee Page at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee as they are issued Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards Such errata shall be used on the date posted The PTC Committee Page can be found at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 001 6-5990 Copyright © 201 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A CONTENTS Notice Foreword Committee Roster Correspondence With the PTC Committee Introduction Section Object and Scope 1-1 Object 1-2 Scope 1-3 Uncertainty Section Definitions and Description of Terms 2-1 Definitions 2-2 Description of Terms 2-3 Units and Conversions 2-4 Steam Generator Envelope Section Guiding Principles 3-1 Introduction 3-2 Planning for the Test 3-3 Test Personnel and Responsibilities 3-4 Test Preparation, Test Apparatus, and Plant Equipment 3-5 Conduct of Test 3-6 Data Evaluation and Reporting 3-7 Prior Agreements Section Instruments and Methods of Measurement 4-1 Introduction 4-2 Data Required 4-3 General Measurement Requirements 4-4 Temperature Measurement 4-5 Pressure Measurement 4-6 Flow Measurement 4-7 Sampling and Analysis Section Computation of Results 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Measurement Data Reduction 5-3 Output (QrO), Btu/hr (W) 5-4 Input 5-5 Energy Balance 5-6 Efficiency 5-7 Residue Properties 5-8 Flue Gas Products 5-9 Combustion Air Properties 5-10 Air and Flue Gas Temperature 5-11 Losses 5-12 Credits 5-13 Supplementary Fuel Input 5-14 HHV of Waste Fuel 5-15 Sorbent and Other Additives 5-16 Uncertainty iii v vi vii viii x 1 1 2 4 9 9 10 10 12 13 15 15 15 15 22 23 26 30 35 35 35 36 37 37 38 38 39 40 42 43 45 46 46 46 46 5-17 5-18 5-19 49 49 5-20 Other Operating Parameters Corrections to Standard or Guarantee Conditions Enthalpy of Air, Flue Gas, and Other Substances Commonly Required for Energy Balance Calculations Acronyms Section Report of Results 67 67 67 Section Uncertainty Analysis 69 69 69 76 6-1 6-2 7-1 7-2 7-3 7-4 7-5 7-6 Figures 2-4-1 3-5.4-1 4-4.3.1-1 4-4.3.1-2 5-19.9-1 5-19.9-2 5-19.9-3 5-19.9-4 7-2.2-1 7-2.2-2 7-2.3-1 7-5.2.1-1 Tables 2-3-1 3-5.5-1 4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-3.5-1 5-16.3-1 5-20.2-1 5-20.2-2 Introduction Contents of Report Introduction Fundamental Concepts Pretest Uncertainty Analysis and Test Planning Equations and Procedures for Determining the Standard Deviation for the Estimate of Random Error Equations and Guidance for Determining Systematic Uncertainty Uncertainty of Test Results 76 80 85 Typical System Boundary Repeatability of Runs Sampling Grids — Rectangular Ducts Sampling Grids — Circular Ducts Mean Specific Heat of Dry Air vs Temperature Mean Specific Heat of Water Vapor vs Temperature Mean Specific Heat of Dry Flue Gas vs Temperature Mean Specific Heat of Dry Residue vs Temperature Types of Errors in Measurements Time Dependence of Errors Constant-Value and Continuous-Variable Models Generic Calibration Curve 12 24 25 57 58 60 61 71 71 73 82 Units and Conversions Operating Parameter Deviations Parameters Required for Input, Efficiency, and HHV Determinations Parameters Required for Wet Flue Gas Flow Using Economizer Heat Balance Parameters Required to Determine Corrected Flue Gas Exit Temperature Potential Instrumentation Systematic Uncertainties Two-Tailed Student’s t Table for the 95% Confidence Level List of Acronyms Used Measurement and Uncertainty Acronyms 12 16 Mandatory Appendix I 52 54 Standard Radiation and Convection Loss Chart 19 19 21 48 63 66 87 Nonmandatory Appendices A B C D Sample Calculation Procedures for Waste Combustors With Energy Recovery Sample Uncertainty Calculations Test Method for Determining Moisture, Combustible Content, and Heating Value of Residue From Municipal Solid Waste Combustors References iv 89 99 113 115 NOTICE All Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements of ASME PTC , General Instructions The following information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of the Code It is expected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Sections and of ASME PTC and has read them prior to applying this Code ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests and specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncertainty analysis When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment ASME Performance Test Codes not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees Therefore, it is recommended that before starting the test, and preferably before signing the contract, the parties to a commercial test agree on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contractual guarantees It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made v FOREWORD In 1966, the ASME Performance Test Code Committee recognized the need for a Performance Test Code for Large Incinerators A Committee was formed in 1967 and charged with the task of developing a comprehensive Test Code for Large Incinerators, a task to be followed by a Short Form Test Procedure This Committee was officially designated as PTC Committee 33 Large Incinerators At the time of its issue, PTC 33 represented the highest state of the art in incinerator testing It was submitted to industry for trial use and comment in 1977 PTC 33 was approved by the Performance Test Codes Supervisory Committee on June 30, 1978, and was approved as an American National Standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Board of Standards Review on December 6, 1978 PTC 34 was formed in 1988 as a follow-up to PTC 33 PTC 33 was essentially a procedure for determining combustion efficiency and waste capacity and did not address units with energy recovery At that time, it was recognized that the procedures for sampling tons of a heterogeneous material were unrealistic and impractical as a key element of a waste combustion performance test At the urging of the ASME Research Committee on Industrial and Municipal Waste, the U.S Bureau of Standards [now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)] developed, over a period of about 10 years, a larger calorimeter but concluded that the larger one was not much better than the smaller one because of the sampling dilemma This provided the incentive to pursue the boiler-as-a-calorimeter method covered by this test Code The 2007 edition of the Code was approved by the PTC 34 Committee on January 9, 2007, and by the Performance Test Codes Standards Committee on January 9, 2007 It was then approved and adopted by the Council as a Standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on Standardization and Testing on February 20, 2007 It was approved by ANSI as an American National Standard on April 12, 2007 This update of PTC 34 does not include any significant philosophical or computational changes It is more a clarification (i.e., we fixed typographical errors) of previously established procedures, and we added clarity and detail to aid the user in the determination of test uncertainty It was approved by ANSI as an American National Standard on January 6, 2017 vi ASME PTC COMMITTEE Performance Test Codes (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.) STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS P G Albert, Chair J W Milton, Vice Chair F Constantino, Secretary STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL P G Albert, Consultant R P Allen, Consultant J M Burns, Burns Engineering Services A E Butler, GE Power & Water W C Campbell, True North Consulting F Constantino, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers J W Cuchens, Southern Company Services M J Dooley, General Electric Co P M Gerhart, University of Evansville J Gonzalez, Iberdrola Ingenieria y Construccion, SAU R E Henry, Sargent & Lundy T C Heil, Alternate, Retired R Jorgensen, Consultant D R Keyser, Survice Engineering T K Kirkpatrick, McHale & Associates, Inc S J Korellis, Electric Power Research Institute M P McHale, McHale & Associates, Inc P M McHale, McHale & Associates, Inc J W Milton, RRI Energy S P Nuspl, Consultant R E Pearce, Kansas City Power & Light R R Priestley, Consultant S A Scavuzzo, The Babcock & Wilcox Co J A Silvaggio, Jr., Siemens Demag Delaval Turbomachinery, Inc R E Sommerlad, Consultant T L Toburen, T2E3 G E Weber, Midwest Generation EME W C Wood, Duke Power Co PTC 34 COMMITTEE — WASTE COMBUSTORS WITH ENERGY RECOVERY S A Scavuzzo, Chair, The Babcock & Wilcox Co R J Briggs, Vice Chair, NextEra Energy A R Amaral, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers J D Clark, HDR G H Gesell, Alternate, HDR S G Deduck, Covanta Energy, Inc L M Grillo, Grillo Engineering Co J M Yanok, Detroit Edison vii CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE General ASME Codes are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests As such, users of this Code may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions or a case, and attending Committee meetings Correspondence should be addressed to: Secretary, PTC Standards Committee The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 http://go.asme.org/Inquiry Proposing Revisions Revisions are made periodically to the Code to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Code Approved revisions will be published periodically The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Code Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation Proposing a Case Cases may be issued to provide alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee Web page Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information The request should identify the Code and the paragraph, figure, or table number(s), and be written as a Question and Reply in the same format as existing Cases Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) of the Code to which the proposed Case applies Interpretations Upon request, the PTC Standards Committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Code Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the PTC Standards Committee Requests for interpretation should preferably be submitted through the online Interpretation Submittal Form The form is accessible at http://go.asme.org/InterpretationRequest Upon submittal of the form, the Inquirer will receive an automatic e-mail confirming receipt If the Inquirer is unable to use the online form, he/she may mail the request to the Secretary of the PTC Standards Committee at the above address The request for an interpretation should be clear and unambiguous It is further recommended that the Inquirer submit his/her request in the following format: Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry in one or two words Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Code for which the interpretation is being requested Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation Please provide a condensed and precise question, composed in such a way that a “yes” or “no” reply is acceptable Proposed Reply(ies): Provide a proposed reply(ies) in the form of “Yes” or “No,” with explanation as needed If entering replies to more than one question, please number the questions and replies Background Information: Provide the Committee with any background information that will assist the Committee in understanding the inquiry The Inquirer may also include any plans or drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information viii Requests that are not in the format described above may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity Attending Committee Meetings The PTC Standards Committee regularly holds meetings and/or telephone conferences that are open to the public Persons wishing to attend any meeting and/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the PTC Standards Committee Future Committee meeting dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page at go.asme.org/ PTCcommittee ix ASME PTC 34-2017 Fig B-3-1 Pressure-Measuring System ,676.65 Junction box Pressure transmitter Feedwater pipe 105 Pressure display ASME PTC 34-2017 Table B-3-1 Measured Data Reduction Worksheet for Feedwater Pressure Measured Parameter: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Measured Data ,672.00 ,674.00 ,668.00 ,678.00 ,691 00 FEEDWATER PRESSURE, psig Conversion to English Units Total Number of Readings Average Value (1 a + b + c + z ) / [1 ] Standard Deviation {[1 ]/([1 ] − [1 ]) × (1 a − [2]) + (1 b − [2]) + + (1 z − [2]) } /2 106 Correction Factor Calibrated Data ,676.60 8.8204 ASME PTC 34-2017 Table B-3-2 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Feedwater Pressure Measured Parameter: Steam and Feedwater Pressure, psig Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty Measured Parameter a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Individual Sys Unc Gauge, manometer or transmitter type Calibration Tap location/geometry/flow impact Amb conditions at transmitter Amb conditions at junction Electrical noise Drift Static and atmospheric pressure Source of Sys Unc Manufacturer’s data Included in a Negligible Manufacturer’s data Negligible Negligible Manufacturer’s data Included in calibration Total Systematic Uncertainty ( a + b2 + c + ) /2 WORKSHEET No: Positive Percent* Unit of Meas 00 2A * This is a percent of reading 107 Negative Percent* Unit of Meas 00 9.60 00 2.00 2.00 2B 00 2A 3A 9.81 3B 00 2.24 ASME PTC 34-2017 Fig B-4-1 Flow-Measuring System 433,370 Junction box Differential pressure transmitter Flow display Pressure transmitter Junction box Thermocouple Flow nozzle Feedwater pipe 108 ASME PTC 34-2017 Table B-4-1 Measured Data Reduction Worksheet for Feedwater Flow FEEDWATER FLOW, klbm/hr Measured Parameter: Conversion to English Units Measured Data a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Correction Factor Calibrated Data 437.0 437.1 434.0 428.7 461 428.3 434.8 438.3 431 427.5 426.9 430.3 424.6 435.2 431 425.9 438.7 427.5 434.4 441 Total Number of Readings Average Value (1 a + b + c + z ) / [1 ] Standard Deviation {[1 ]/([1 ] − [1 ]) × (1 a − [2]) + (1 b − [2]) + + (1 z − [2]) } /2 109 20 433.77 8.1 91 ASME PTC 34-2017 Table B-4-2 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Feedwater Flow Measured Parameter: Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty Measured Parameter Individual Sys Unc a Calibration of primary element b Stratification c Pressure bias d Installation e Condition of nozzle or orifice f Pressure correction g Temperature correction h Reynolds number correction i Measurement location j Thermal expansion k Systems error l m n o Feedwater Flow, klb/hr Source of Sys Unc Calibration facility Negligible Calculation Negligible Engineering judgment Calculation Calculation Negligible Negligible Engineering judgment Engineering judgment Total Systematic Uncertainty ( a + b2 + c2 + ) /2 WORKSHEET No: Positive Percent* Unit of Meas 0.40 0.00 0.1 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.1 0.00 0.00 0.1 0.1 2A * This is a percent of reading 110 0.68 2B 0.00 3C Negative Percent* Unit of Meas 0.40 0.00 0.1 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.1 0.00 0.00 0.1 0.1 3A 0.68 3B 0.00 ASME PTC 34-2017 Table B-5-1 Sample of Crane Test Lift Data Example Test Data and Data Reduction Deviation = Test Data − 8300 Devia tion 8,300 0 8,31 10 00 8,300 0 8,290 −1 00 8,280 −20 400 8,270 −30 900 8,320 20 400 8,330 30 900 8,31 10 00 8,300 0 8,300 0 8,320 20 400 8,290 −1 00 8,290 −1 00 8,330 30 900 8,290 −1 00 8,31 10 00 8,320 20 400 8,290 −1 00 8,300 0 8,290 −1 00 8,280 −20 400 8,270 −30 900 8,270 −30 900 8,230 −70 4,900 8,270 −30 900 No of samples: Average systematic error: 54 3.7 lb 0.1 % 40.5 lb 0.49 % Average random error: 111 ASME PTC 34-2017 Table B-6-1 Determination of Test Uncertainty for HHV: Economizer Heat Balance Method SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENT SC Change in HHV for % Change in Parameter Econ water out T Feedwater flow rate Refuse fuel flow rate Pit/stoker inventory, in.-lb/hr Feedwater temp Gas temp ent econ Gas temp lvg econ Moisture in wet gas Gas temp lvg AH Wet bulb temp Air temp entering AH Dry bulb Barometric press Aux equip drv input O2 ent AH MF res: bottom % C in bottom ash MF res flue dust % C in flue dust Res temp bottom ash −72.4369 −58.5648 58.3509 58.3509 52.61 66 50.7304 −37.3944 −1 0.7654 −7.6567 4.2593 5984 −1 3504 −1 2297 0.1 384 −0.01 0.0026 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Base HHV, % Random Uncertainty Systematic Uncertainty Student's t User Input eq (7-26) eq (7-44) Student’s t Overall Uncertainty eq (7-45) SYSTEMATIC RANDOM RANDOM SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY UNCERTAINTY UNCERTAINTY UNCERTAINTY % % Ur Us %r = SC * Ur %s = SC * Us User Input User Input 0.09 0.44 0.49 0.00 0.04 0.22 0.34 0.00 0.22 0.30 0.09 0.79 0.01 0.1 35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21 0.43 0.95 0.1 0.00 0.50 0.80 0.80 5.00 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 2.00 2.00 00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 5.00 5,689 42.7 01 33 btu/lb 2.3 % 112 Calculated −6.52 −25.77 28.59 0.00 2.1 1 −1 2.71 0.00 −1 68 28 0.1 −1 07 −0.01 0.02 −0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calculated SUM −31 −55.64 9.92 0.00 26.31 40.58 −29.92 −53.83 −6.1 3.41 28 −1 08 −2.46 0.28 −0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.00 RANDOM SYSTEMATIC %r ^ %s ^ Calculated Calculated 42.50 664.02 81 7.50 0.00 4.43 24.56 61 65 0.00 2.84 63 0.02 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ,820.3 970.1 3,095.43 98.40 0.00 692.1 ,647.09 894.94 2,897.36 37.52 1 61 64 1 6.05 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,353.6 ASME PTC 34-2017 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING MOISTURE, COMBUSTIBLE CONTENT, AND HEATING VALUE OF RESIDUE FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COMBUSTORS of any chemically bonded water, carbonates, metal oxidation, and other factors that can confound other test methods C-1 SCOPE This test method is a draft procedure to determine the moisture, combustible content, and heating value of residue from municipal solid waste combustors The procedure is designed to use a large sample size of 0.5 kg to kg for analysis This procedure does not address how to obtain a representative sample C-4 APPARATUS C-4.1 Electric Muffle Furnace The furnace shall be large enough to accommodate a 0.5-kg to 1-kg sample comfortably Internal dimensions of in wide by 14 in long should be adequate Temperature shall be capable of being regulated between 100°C and 600°C The furnace shall be equipped with a temperature indicator and means of controlling the temperature within the specified limits Adequate ventilation of off gases shall be provided Temperature throughout the furnace shall be maintained within the specified temperature limits A modification as described in ASTM D3174 should be adequate C-2 SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD Moisture content is determined by weighing the residue before and after drying the residue under controlled conditions of sample weight, time, temperature, and equipment The moisture content is equivalent to the loss of weight of the sample during the drying process Combustible content is determined by weighing the dried residue obtained from the moisture content determination before and after ashing the dried residue under controlled conditions of sample weight, time, temperature, and equipment The combustible content is equivalent to the loss of weight of the sample during the ashing process C-4.2 Sample Pan Aluminum pans should be adequately sized to safely contain a 0.5-kg to 1-kg sample and allow3stirring without 1spillage Supermarket baking pans 11 ⁄4 in ? 81⁄2 in ? ⁄4 in should be adequate NOTE: This draft procedure ignores time and atmosphere aspects, in anticipation that the impact from these items is small enough to ignore, with the goal of not making the procedure so complicated that it cannot be completed in the field C-4.3 Balance Sensitive to at least 0.1 g, the balance shall be capable of weighing hot samples or be fitted with an insulating pad in such a manner to prevent damage to the balance while allowing accurate measurement C-3 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE The moisture content determined by this method is the moisture contained in the residue after processing in the residue handling system of a municipal combustor The combustible content determined by this method is the combustibles remaining in the residue from a municipal combustor These values can be used for thermal efficiency calculations and performance guarantee purposes There is no ASTM standard method to determine the combustible content of residue from combustion In an attempt to overcome the difficulty of obtaining a small sample representative of the entire residue stream, this method uses a larger sample than is used for most other procedures Metal, glass, and other noncombustible components remain in the test sample The method is designed to minimize the effects C-4.4 Container Tongs Container tongs shall be able to hold and carry the container in a safe manner while the container is hot Ordinary kitchen tongs should be adequate C-4.5 Insulated Gloves Gloves should be suitable for the timid when handling a heated sample with tongs C-5 PROCEDURE C-5.1 Residue Sample Wet Weight, B Weigh the empty sample pan and record this weight as the pan weight, A Place the thoroughly mixed residue 113 ASME PTC 34-2017 sample in the pan The residue sample shall weigh 0.5 kg to kg and fit easily in the weighed sample pan, leaving enough room to prevent spillage when handling An average of about cm has been found to be suitable Weigh the sample in the pan before placing it in the furnace Record this weight as the residue sample wet weight, B where This percentage may be used to establish the net weight of dry residue produced during a test C-5.2 Residue Sample Dry Weight, C C-6.2 Combustible Percent A B C Place the sample pan in the furnace chamber and set the furnace at 180°C for h Weigh the sample, stir the sample, and return it to the furnace Hold at 180°C for and weigh the samp le again Rep eat the weighing, stirring, and holding process every 15 at 180°C until a constant sample weight is reached (±0.1 g) Record this weight as the residue sample dry weight, C weight of pan, g weight of pan and wet residue sample, g weight of pan and dry residue sample, g Calculate the combustible percent in the dry residue sample as follows: combustibles in dry residue sample, % p C−D A? ?C − ? where C-5.3 Residue Sample Dry Ash Weight, D A C D Once a constant residue samp le dry weight is obtained, raise the furnace temperature to 500°C and hold for h Remove the sample from the furnace, stir the sample, and inspect it for any remaining black carbon specks Weigh the sample and return it to the furnace Continue holding at 500°C for 30 and weigh the sample again Repeat the weighing and holding process every 30 at 500°C until a constant sample weight is reached (±0.1 g) Record this weight as the residue sample dry ash weight, D p p p 100 (C-2) weight of pan, g weight of pan and dry residue sample, g weight of pan and ashed residue sample, g This percentage may be used to establish compliance with a guarantee of percent combustibles in the residue C-6.3 Heating Value Calculate the heating value of the residue sample as follows: heating value, Btu/lb p C-6 CALCULATIONS C-6.1 Moisture Percent dry combustibles % 100 ? 12,000 (C-3) where “dry combustibles %” is from eq (C-2), and 12,000 is an approximation of the heating value of the combustible portion of the residue in Btu/lb from ASTM E955 This heating value may be used to establish the heat lost due to unburned combustibles in the residue Calculate the moisture percent in the residue sample as follows: moisture in residue sample, % p p p p B−C A? ? ?B − 100 (C-1) 114 ASME PTC 34-2017 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D REFERENCES [1] Gerhart, P M., and R Jorgensen, “Uncertainty Analysis: What Place in Performance Test Codes?” ASME Paper 84-JPG-PTC-9, 1984 [2] ASME PTC 19.1, Measurement Uncertainty, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985 [3] ASME PTC 11, Fans, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1984 [4] Benedict, R P., and J S Wyler, “Engineering Statistics — With Particular Reference to Performance Test Code Work,” ASME Paper 78-WA-PTC-2, 1978 [5] Kline, S J., and F W McClintock, “Estimating Uncertainties in Single Sample Experiment,” Mechanical Engineering, January 1953 [6] Sotelo, E., “Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Performance Guidelines,” EPRI Report GS-7164, 1991 [7] ISA Standard ANSI/ISA S51.1 [8] 90-JPGC/PTC8, Effects of Spatial Distributions for Performance Testing 115 I N TE N TI O N ALLY LE FT B LAN K 116 ASME Services ASME is committed to developing and delivering technical information At ASME’s Customer Care, we make every effort to answer your questions and expedite your orders Our representatives are ready to assist you in the following areas: ASME Press Codes & Standards Credit Card Orders IMechE Publications Meetings & Conferences Member Dues Status Member Services & Benefits Other ASME Programs Payment Inquiries Professional Development Short Courses Publications Public Information Self-Study Courses Shipping Information Subscriptions/Journals/Magazines Symposia Volumes Technical Papers How can you reach us? 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