Metric Continuous and Double End Studs A N AM E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D ASME B18 31 1M 2008 (Revision of ASME B18 31 1M 2005) REAFFIRMED 201 6REAFFIRMED 201 6 Intentional ly left blank[.]
ASME B1 8.31 M-2008 (Revision of ASME B1 8.31 M-2005) REAFFIRMED 201 Metric Con tin uous an d Double-En d Studs A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D I n te n ti o n al l y l e ft bl an k ASME B1 8.31 M-2008 (Revision of ASME B1 8.31 M-2005) Metric Con tin uous an d Double-En d Studs AN AM ERI CAN N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D D ate of I ssu an ce: O ctob er 4, 008 Th is Stan d ard wi ll b e revised wh en th e So ci ety app roves th e issuan ce of a n ew ed i ti on Th ere wi ll b e n o ad d en d a issued to th is ed i ti on AS M E i ss u e s wri tte n re p li e s to i n q u i ri e s co n ce rn i n g i n te rp re ta ti o n s o f te ch n i ca l a s p e c ts o f th i s d ocu m en t Peri od i cally certai n acti on s of th e ASM E B Com m i ttee m ay b e pu blish ed as Cases Cases an d i n terpretati on s are p ublish ed on th e ASM E Web si te un d er th e Com m i ttee Pages at h ttp : //cstools asm e org as th ey are issued ASM E is th e registered trad em ark of Th e Am eri can So ci ety of M ech an i cal En gi n eers Th is cod e o r stan d ard was d evelop ed un d er p ro ced ures accred i ted as m eeti n g th e cri teri a for Am eri can N ati on al Stan d ard s Th e Stan d ard s Co m m i ttee th at ap p roved th e cod e or stan d ard was b alan ced to assure th at i n d i vi d uals fro m co m p eten t an d cern ed i n terests h ave h ad an op p ortun i ty to p arti ci p ate Th e p rop osed co d e o r stan d ard was m ad e avai lable fo r p ublic revi ew an d co m m en t th at p rovi d es an op p ortun i ty for ad d i ti on al p ubli c i n p ut fro m i n d u stry, acad em i a, regulatory agen cies, an d th e p ubli c-at-large ASM E d o es n ot “ap p rove, ” “rate, ” or “en d orse” an y i tem , stru cti on , p ro p ri etary d evi ce, o r acti vi ty ASM E d oes n ot take an y p o si ti o n wi th resp ect to th e vali d i ty o f an y p aten t ri gh ts asserted i n n ecti on wi th an y i tem s m en ti on ed i n th is d ocu m en t, an d d oes n o t un d ertake to i n su re an yo n e u ti li zi n g a stan d ard agai n st li abi li ty for i n fri n gem en t o f an y ap p li cable letters p aten t, n or assum e an y su ch li abi li ty U sers o f a cod e or stan d ard are exp ressly ad vised th at d eterm i n ati on o f th e vali d i ty o f an y su ch p aten t ri gh ts, an d th e risk o f i n fri n gem en t of such ri gh ts, is en ti rely th ei r o wn resp on si bi li ty Parti ci p ati o n by fed eral agen cy rep resen tati ve(s) o r p erson (s) affi li ated wi th i n d u stry is n o t to b e i n terp reted as govern m en t or i n d u stry en d o rsem en t of th is co d e or stan d ard ASM E accep ts resp on si bi li ty for o n ly th ose i n terp retati on s of th is d ocu m en t issu ed i n accord an ce wi th th e establish ed ASM E p ro ced u res an d p oli ci es, wh i ch p reclu d es th e issu an ce o f i n terp retati on s by i n d i vi d u als N o p art of th is d o cum en t m ay b e rep rod uced i n an y fo rm , i n an electro n i c retri eval system or o th erwise, wi th o ut th e p ri or wri tten p erm issi on of th e p ublish er Th e Am eri can So ci ety of M ech an i cal En gi n eers Th ree Park Aven u e, N ew York, N Y 001 6-5 990 Copyri gh t © 008 by TH E AM ERI CAN SO CI ETY O F M ECH AN I CAL EN G I N EERS All ri gh ts reserved Pri n ted i n U S A CONTENTS Foreword iv Committee Roster vi Correspondence With the B1 Committee vii 1 Introduction Comparison With ISO Documents Referenced Standards Terminology Dimensions Body Diameter Length Points Thread Length 10 Screw Threads 11 Materials and Mechanical Properties 12 Identification Symbols 13 Finish 14 Workmanship 15 Straightness 16 Inspection and Quality Assurance 17 Dimensional Conformance 18 Clearance Holes 19 Designation Tables Dimensions for Continuous-Thread Studs Dimensions for Clamping-Type Studs Dimensions for Tap-End Studs (1 Body Dimensions for Double-End Studs Length Tolerances: Tap-End Studs D Engagement) LT for Continuous-Thread and Clamping-Type Studs, and L for Stud Straightness, Referee Gage, and Gaging Procedures Mandatory Appendix I iii FOREWORD American National Standards Committee B1 for the standardization of bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, and similar fasteners was organized in March 922 as Sectional Committee B1 under the aegis of the American Engineering Standards Committee (later the American Standards Association, then the United States of America Standards Institute and, as of October 6, 969, the American National Standards Institute, Inc ) with the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as j oint sponsors In 995 the SAE Ship Systems and Equipment Committee that was preparing fastener part standards for the shipbuilding industry asked ASME Committee B1 if there was an interest in developing dimensional standards for studs At the December 995 B1 meeting in Atlanta, it was reported that a survey by ASME showed considerable interest in establishing a subcommittee to develop stud standards and 1 representatives indicated their willingness to serve on the subcommittee Subcommittee (SC) 31 was established and drafts of SAE customary and metric stud standards were distributed for review The first meeting of SC 31 on studs was held in April 996 in conj unction with the ASME B1 meetings in Chicago Existing stud standards (IFI 36 Studs and Bolts and IFI 528 Metric Studs and Bolts) were compared with the draft of SAE standards [J2271 Part Standard for Studs— Continuous and Double End (Inch Series) and J2271 M Part Standard for Studs—Continuous and Double End (Metric)] The Subcomittee then identified the configurations to be developed along with thread sizes and diameters to be covered It was determined to develop both customary and metric standards covering both continuously threaded and double-ended studs A decision to develop the metric standard first was unanimously passed An ASME B1 8, SC 31 Working Group on Metric Studs met at the Defense Industrial Supply Center in Philadelphia in November 996 Some of the more important recommendations of the Working Group were (a) continuous and double-end studs (based on newly published SAE J2271 M) would be covered and interference-fit studs would not be covered (b) diameters mm through 00 mm would be covered with coarse-pitch threads used for diameters of 56 mm and smaller and six-pitch threads for larger diameters (c) it was agreed that the length should be the overall length as per IFI 528 and SAE J2271 and not the ambiguous first-to-last thread requirement as identified in ASTM A 93/ A 93M (d) cover both finished and unfinished ends and permit sheared ends provided they were suitable for marking (e) for double-end studs, a thread length of ⁄2 diameters on one end and a longer thread length on the other end as per SAE J2271 M The recommendations of the Working Group were accepted at the SC 31 meeting in New Orleans in December 996 with only minor modifications A draft of B1 31 M was forwarded to members prior to the April 997 SC 31 meeting in Cleveland and some changes were identified at the meeting Drafts and changes were reviewed at subsequent meetings A draft of B1 31 M was circulated for ballot prior to the December 998 SC 31 meeting in Phoenix and discussed at the meeting A number of changes were identified including placing the figures over the applicable tables A motion was approved to submit the revised draft to SC 31 and B1 for a simultaneous ballot A revised draft was reviewed at the SC 31 meeting in Altamonte Springs, Florida in April 999 that incorporated changes from the previous meeting and utilized ISO 225 dimensions The draft was generally accepted and the sponsor was asked to review ISO 4759 tolerances and incorporate as appropriate At the December 999 San Antonio meeting of SC 31 , the latest draft of B1 31 M was reviewed The addition of a double-end (bolt-stud) configuration with threads of equal length was proposed ¨ r Normung e V (DIN) and generally accepted It was proposed to review Deutsches Institut fu iv stud standards and survey stud manufacturers After reviewing DIN stud standards, a survey was developed The survey was circulated to SC 31 members prior to the May 2000 meeting in Orlando to determine if the survey was suitable for wider circulation The results of the survey were discussed at the meeting and it was decided that a wider circulation was not required and that a revised draft of the Standard based on the recommendations contained in the survey should be balloted At the December 2000 SC 31 meeting in New Orleans, a new draft of B18.31.1M was reviewed As a result, the following significant changes were proposed: (a) Reference ASTM F 1941M for plating requirements and add smaller diameters down to 1.6 mm (b) Circulation of a new draft for SC ballot was approved; this new draft was balloted in April 2001 (c) Subsequently, to resolve a ballot disapproval, it was proposed that a thread length of D plus six threads be added to the tables for double-end studs A revised draft with this and other changes was balloted in November 2001 Changes included adding the 14 mm diameter for double-end studs and 14 mm, 22 mm, and 27 mm diameters added for continuously threaded studs The Standard was again balloted in March and November 2002 At the December 2002 meeting, it was recommended that straightness requirements be added Subsequently, the ISO tolerances for straightness were deleted in favor of tolerances used in other ASME B18 standards Minor changes were incorporated as a result of 2003 ballot and a reconsideration ballot in March 2004 closed without responses A previous disapproval was discussed at the April 2004 meeting and some changes accepted At the December 2004 meeting, it was agreed to delete ASTM F 2281 as it applied only to inch-dimensioned fasteners It was also agreed upon to revise the format of several tables to improve consistency of the various tables The revised document was submitted for another reconsideration ballot in March 2005 This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on November 9, 2005 At the SC 31 meeting in April 2006, it was noted that the Table figures for tap-end studs appeared to show different thread configurations on each end although the text indicated that metric coarse threads were required for both ends unless otherwise specified by the purchaser Although a minimum and maximum full thread length was specified for nut-end threads, the transition length from full thread to no thread was not defined Accordingly, it was agreed to develop proposed changes to correct these minor deficiencies The maximum thread length dimension for nut ends was to be replaced by a total thread length of five thread diameters greater than the minimum thread length This change was discussed at the November 2006 and April 2007 SC meetings without obtaining a total consensus A draft revision circulated for ballot prior to the November 2007 B18 meeting incorporated the following changes: (a) Delete the maximum nut-end full thread length in favor of a maximum total thread length (b) Change nut-end thread length for M3 and smaller diameter studs from D + mm to D to permit coverage of shorter length studs (c) Correct the range of lengths for tap-end studs due to the fact that the range of lengths were copied from the clamping studs based on two nut ends whereas the tap-end studs have one nut end and a shorter tap end (d) Correct the maximum thread length B M for the M16 diameter tap-end stud in Table At the November 2007 meeting, the benefit of changing the thread length for M3 and smaller diameters was discussed Manufacturers not normally stock these products and it was decided to delete coverage of double-end studs and tap-end studs of M5 and smaller diameters A revised draft was simultaneously balloted to B18 and SC 31 prior to the April 2008 B18 meeting that deleted double-end and tap-end studs of M5 and smaller diameters No disapprovals were received on the ballot Several editorial comments were approved at the April 2008 B18 SC 31 meeting This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 3, 2008 v ASM E B1 COM M I TTEE Stan dard i zati on of Bolts, N uts, Ri vets, Screws, Wash ers, an d Si m i lar Fasten ers (Th e fo llowi n g is th e roster o f th e Co m m i ttee at th e ti m e o f ap p roval of th is Stan d ard ) STAN DARDS COM M I TTEE OFFI CERS D A Clever, R D Stron g, R L Cran e, Ch a ir Vice Ch a ir Se creta ry STAN DARDS COM M I TTEE PERSON N EL Con ti n en tal-Aero V Carti n a, B D Brun si d e, A lte rn a te , Fed eral Screw Wo rks B A Dusi n a, Co n trib u tin g Trad e Associ ati o n M an agem en t, M e m b er, B H asi uk, Can ad i an Fasten ers I n sti tu te Co n trib u tin g S Savoj i , N D I n d ustri es Co n trib u tin g M e m b e r, Co n trib u tin g S W Vass, D efen se Su p p ly Cen ter M em b e r, Co n trib u tin g M e m b er, Rockford Fasten er, I n c C J Wi lson , J J en n i n gs, Co n trib u tin g M e m b e r, N aval Su rface Warfare Cen ter R B Wri gh t, M e m b e r, Co n su ltan t M e m b e r, M N P Corp Con su ltan t C B Wi lli am son , Co n trib u tin g Co n trib u tin g B G M Fasten er Co , I n c G en eral M otors Co rp J H ubbard , M Keller, M e m b er, Con su ltan t W K Wi lcox, Co n su ltan t G en eral M o to rs Corp Ram co C B Wackrow, Ph i lad elp h i a A H erskovi tz, Co n trib u tin g R D Stron g, Fasten er Co n su lti n g Servi ces, I n c M em b e r, Accoun t M an agers, LLC I TW M ed alist W R Steven s, I n d u stri al Fasten ers I n sti tu te J G reen slad e, J J G rey, D M cCri n dle, W Sch evey, D S G eorge, Con sultan t Ho n o ry M e m b e r, M D Prasad , W L Sakowski , I n c Sp i rol I n tern ati on al Co rp H eli Coi l Em h art W J Lutkus, Wrou gh t Wash er Co M e m b er, I TW Sh akep ro of Assem bly Com p on en ts J G Lan gen stei n , Ford M o to r Co Th e Am eri can So ci ety of M ech an i cal En gi n eers R L Cran e, A C Di cola, Co n trib u tin g W H Kopke, Ford M oto r Co A P Cockm an , J S Foote, J F Koeh l, D eere an d Co D A Clever, Fasten al Co Con sultan t Co n trib u tin g J G Zeratsky, M em b e r, Wri gh t Too l Co N ati on al Ri vet an d M an u factu ri n g Co SU BCOM M I TTEE — TH READED STU DS W K Wi lcox, C A Dugal, R L Cran e, Ch a ir, Vice Con sultan t Ch a ir, Secre ta ry, J J en n i n gs, N aval Su rface Warfare Cen ter R B M ead e, Th e Am eri can Soci ety of M ech an i cal W Sch evey, En gi n eers J F Braden , Fasten ers U n li m i ted D A Clever, D eere an d Co D S G eorge, D efen se Su p p ly Cen ter Ph i lad elp h i a J F McCarri ck, Texas Screw Prod ucts Atro n a M ateri al Testi n g Lab orato ri es, I n c B G M Fasten er Co , I n c G M Si m pson , W R Steven s, R D Stron g, N D I n d ustri es Sem blex Corp Ram co G en eral M oto rs Co rp C B Wackrow, M N P Co rp J G reen slad e, I n d u stri al Fasten ers I n sti tu te C B Wi lli am son , A H erskovi tz, Co n su ltan t C J Wi lson , vi Fasten al Co Con sultan t CORRESPON DEN CE WI TH TH E B1 COM M I TTEE G en eral ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings Correspondence should be addressed to: Secretary, B1 Standards Committee The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue New York, NY 001 6-5990 Proposi n g Revisi on s Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard Approved revisions will be published periodically The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard Such proposals should be as sp ecific as possible, citing the paragrap h number(s) , the p roposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation Proposi n g a Case Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules when j ustified, to permit early implementation of an app roved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee Web page Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information The request should identify the standard, the paragraph, figure or table number(s) , and be written as a Question and Rep ly in the same format as existing Cases Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) of the standard to which the p roposed Case applies I n terpretati on s Upon request, the B1 Committee will render an interpretation of any require- ment of the Standard Interp retations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the B1 Standards Committee The request for interp retation should be clear and unambiguous It is further recommended that the inquirer submit his/ her request in the following format: Subj ect: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry Edition: Cite the app licable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation The inquirer may also include any p lans or drawings, which are necessary to exp lain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the ap prop riate format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request ASME procedures p rovide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interp retation is available Further, p ersons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee ASME does not “ approve,” “ certify,” “ rate,” or “ endorse” any item, construction, prop rietary device, or activity Atten d i n g Com m i ttee M eeti n gs The B1 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, which are open to the public Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the B1 Standards Committee vii I n te n ti o n al l y l e ft bl an k ASM E B M -2 0 METRI C CON TI N U OU S AN D DOU BLE-EN D STU DS ASME B1 3, Metric Screw Threads — M Profile I N TRODU CTI ON 1 ASME B1 8, Clearance Holes for Bolts, Screws, and Scope Studs This Standard covers the complete dimen- 1 A S M E B , G l o s s a r y o f Te r m s fo r M e c h a n i c al s i o na l a nd g e n e r a l d a t a fo r c o nt i n u o u s - thre a d a nd Fasteners d o u b le -e nd me tric s e r ie s s tu d s re c o gniz e d a s a n ASME B1 8 2, Inspection and Quality Assurance for American National Standard The following configura- High Volume Machine Assembly Fasteners tions are covered: AS M E B , Pa rt Id e ntifyi ng N u mb e r ( P IN ) C o de System Standard for B1 Fastener Products continuous-thread stud: studs that are threaded over their complete length ASME Y1 5M, Dimensioning and Tolerancing double-end stud (clamping-type): studs with screw threads Pub lis he r: The Ame ric a n So c ie ty o f M e c nic a l of the same length and configuration on each end This Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, type of stud serves the function of clamping two bodies NY 0 -5 9 ; O rd e r De p a rtme nt: 2 Law Drive, together with a nut on each end Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300 d o u b l e - en d s tu d (ta p - en d t yp e) : a s tud d e s i gne d to b e ASTM A 380, Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, installed in a tapped hole and usually with different and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems threaded lengths on each end The tap-end studs covered ASTM F 468M, Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Capscrews, and by this Standard have the same thread form on each Studs for General Use end with the length of the tap-end threads equal to A S T M F M , C a r b o n a n d A l l o y S t e e l E x t e r n a lly approximately ⁄2 times the nominal thread diameter NOTE: Threaded Metric Fasteners Both types of double-end studs in this Standard may be A S T M F 73 M , S t a i n l e s s S t e e l M e tr i c B o l ts , S c rews installed with a nut on each end Similarly, one end of each type and Studs may be set in a tapped hole, usually with a locking compound ASTM F 788/ F 788M, Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Double-end studs of the following body diameters Screws, and Studs — Inch and Metric Series are covered: (a ) re du c e d - d i a m e t e r b o d y See p ara 6.1 ASTM F 941 M, Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded for Fasteners (Metric) dimensions Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials (b) full body See para for dimensions (ASTM International), 00 Barr Harbor Drive, West The inclusion of dimensional data in this 1 Conshohocken, PA 9428-2959 S ta nd a rd i s no t inte nd e d to im p l y tha t a ll p ro duc ts described are stock production items Consumers should c o ns u l t w i th s u p p l i e r s c o nc e r ni ng ava i la b i l i ty o f products TERMI N OLOGY For definitions of terms relating to fasteners or features thereof used in this Standard, refer to ASME B1 2 COMPARI SON WI TH I SO DOCU MEN TS Metric stud standards have not been issued by ISO DI MEN SI ON S (a ) A l l d i m e n s i o n s i n th i s S t a n d a rd a re g i v e n i n millim e t e r s ( m m) , a nd a p p l y b e fo re c o a ti ng , u nl e ss REFEREN CED STAN DARDS stated otherwise Table contains the dimensions for The following is a list of publications referenced in continuous-thread studs Table contains the dimen- this Standard Unless otherwise specified, the reference sions for double-end (clamping-type) studs Table con- shall be to the most recent issue at the time of order ta ins the d ime ns io ns fo r d o u b l e - e n d ( ta p - e nd typ e ) placement ASME B1 3, studs See section for body diameters on double-end S c re w T hre a d G aging Systems studs for Dimensional Acceptability — Inch and Metric Screw (b) Symbols specifying geometric characteristics are in accord with ASME Y1 5M Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ) ASM E B M - 0 BODY DI AMETER at maj or diameter, as determined by the distance the p oint enters into a cylindrical NOT GO maj or diameter The d ia me te r o f the b o d y o n s tu d s tha t a re no t ring gage, shall not exceed Umax Umax is equal to two threaded the full length shall be within the limits for thread pitches The ends of the stud shall be reasonably D S or D R as specified for the applicable configuration squared with the axis of the stud, but the slight rim or U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s p e c i f i e d b y t h e p u r c h a s e r, t h e cup resulting from manufacturing shall be permissible reduced-diameter body or full body may be sup plied at the op tion of the supplier 6.1 8.2 U n poin ted En ds Unpointed ends may be p lain-sheared or cut ends and Reduced-Diam eter Body the slight rim or cup resulting from manufacturing shall The body diameter is approximately equal to the pitch be permissible diameter of the thread Reduced-diameter body dimensions shall be as specified in Table 6.2 TH READ LEN GTH Full Body (a) For continuously threaded studs, the entire length The maximum body diameter is the basic nominal of the stud shall be threaded except for the ends as diameter of the thread The minimum body diameter is denoted by dimension U in the illustration in Table the nominal diameter of the thread minus a tolerance (b) For double-end studs, full threads are required for based on the stud length with minimum dimensions as the lengths B M and B except for the ends as denoted by specified in Table dimension U in the illustrations in Tables and (c ) T h e tr a n s i t i o n fro m fu l l th re a d to i n c o m p l e t e LEN GTH 7.1 thread shall be smooth and uniform The maj or diameter for incomplete threads shall not exceed the actual diame- Overall Len gth ter of the complete (fully formed) threads The overall length, LT, of the stud is the distance, (d) For the nut ends of studs, the transition from full parallel to the axis of the stud from one end to the length to no thread shall be within five thread pitches other end, measured to the extreme condition on each from the minimum full thread length, B end Tolerances for overall stud lengths are given in Ta b l e O v e r a l l l e n g th s fo r c o nt i n u o u s - th re a d a nd 10 clamping-type studs (illustrations in Tables and 2) shall be in increments as indicated in ap plicable tables For 0.1 SCREW TH READS Th read Series an d Toleran ce Class tap -end studs (illustration in Table 3) , the overall length Threads shall be metric coarse thread series tolerance is not specified but is the sum of the nominal length, L , class 6g conforming to the dimensions for general pur- and the tap-end length, B M 7.2 p ose external threads in ASME B1 3M unless otherwise specified by the purchaser Thread size limits prior to N om i n al Len gth p lating or coating shall be class 6g (GO and NOT GO) For continuous and clamping-type studs, the nominal A ft e r p l a t i n g o r c o a t i n g , c l a s s g t h r e a d s s h a l l be length is the same as the overall length without toler- accep ted using the size limits of 6h GO (high limit) and ances For tap -end studs (illustration in Table 3) , the 6g NOT GO (low limit) nominal length, L , is the protrusion length when the stud is installed Nominal lengths shall be in increments 0.2 Th read Gagi n g as indicated in app licable tables Unless otherwise specified, dimensional acceptability 7.3 o f s c r e w t h r e a d s s h a l l b e b a s e d o n S y s t e m of Len gth Toleran ce ASME B1 3M Length tolerances for studs shall be in accordance with Table 11 POI N TS 1 MATERI ALS AN D MECH AN I CAL PROPERTI ES Steel Unless otherwise specified, steel studs shall conform Unless otherwise specified, studs with either pointed to the requirements of ASTM F 568M or unpointed ends may be provided The ends shall be suitable for marking 1 8.1 Poi n ted En ds Corrosion -Resistan t Steels Unless otherwise specified, studs of corrosion resis- Po int e d e nd s s l l b e c h a m fe re d fro m a d i a m e t e r t a nt s t e e l s s h a l l c o n f o r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f equal to or slightly less than the thread root diameter ASTM F 738M including passivation in accordance with The length of the p oint to the first fully formed thread ASTM A 380 ASM E B M -2 0 1 17 N on ferrous Metals Unle s s o the rw is e s p e c ifie d , no nfe r ro us s tud s s ll DI M EN SI ON AL CON FORM AN CE conform to the requirements of ASTM F 468M Desi gn ated Ch aracteri sti cs (a) Unless otherwise specified, the following designated dimensional characteristics shall be inspected to 12 the inspection levels shown according to ASME B1 8 2, I DEN TI FI CATI ON SYM BOLS and shall be within their specified limits: Markings shall be located on either the ends or the Characteristic bodies of the studs unless otherwise specified Property Class Sym bol Each stud shall be marked in accordance with the Inspection Level Thread accep tability C Stud overall length, LT (not app licab le to C tap-end studs) re qu i re m e nts o f th e a p p l i c a b l e s p e c i fi c a t i o n ( s e e section 1 ) for its chemical and mechanical requirements For tap-end studs, the material property class symbol Stud nominal length, L (tap-end studs only) C Thread length C Straightness B (b ) If a d o c u m e nte d , s t a t is ti ca lly b a s e d in-p ro c e s s shall be marked on the nut end or the body i n s p e c t i o n s y s t e m e n s u re s qu a l i ty e qu i va l e nt to 2 Source Sym bols A S M E B o r b e tt e r u s i n g s a m p l e s i z e s i n the Each stud of a size requiring marking shall be marked inspection system, inspections may be conducted at any to id e nt ify its s o u rc e ( m a nu fa c tu re r o r p r iva t e l a b e l point after which the characteristic will not be altered distributor) 13 N on d esi gn ated Ch aracteristi cs For nondesignated characteristics, in the event of a FI N I SH dispute as to conformance, the inspection levels and Unless otherwise sp ecified, studs shall be supplied sample sizes in ASME B1 8 shall be used w i th a n a tu r a l ( a s - p ro c e s s e d ) fi n i s h , u n p l a t e d o r uncoated, in a clean condition, and lightly oiled Reporti n g of I n specti on Results The reporting of insp ection results shall be agreed 14 upon between the purchaser and supplier in the inquiry, WORKM AN SH I P purchase order, or contract Unless otherwise specified, studs shall be free from surface imperfections such as burrs, seams, laps, loose 18 scales, or other irregularities that could affect service- CLEARAN CE H OLES a b i l i t y W h e n c o n t r o l o f s u r f a c e d i s c o nt i n u i t i e s i s The recommended sizes of clearance holes in material required, the purchaser shall specify conformance to to be assembled using metric studs are those listed in ASTM F 788/ F 788M ASME B1 8 for metric fasteners 15 19 STRAI G H TN ESS DESI G N ATI ON (a) Studs shall be designated by the following data, At maximum material limit, studs must be straight preferably in the sequence shown: within the limit established by the straightness or camber tolerance value, T, based on the overall length, LT, (1 ) p roduct name o f t h e s t u d a s i d e nt i fi e d b e l o w a n d e x p r e s s e d a s a (2 ) p roduct standard (ASME B1 31 M) two-p lace decimal The referee gage and gaging proce- (3) nominal diameter and thread pitch du re s fo r c he c ki ng s tr a i gh tne s s a re p rov id e d i n (4) nominal length Mandatory Ap pendix I (a) T (b) T p p ≤ LT > (5) steel prop erty class or material identification 006 LT where LT 600 mm 008 LT where 600 mm (6) p rotective coating, if required EXAMPLES: (1 ) 16 Continuous-thread stud, ASME B1 31 M, M20 ؋ ؋ 50, A S T M F M C l a s s , z i n c -p la t e d p e r A S T M F 941 M I N SPECTI ON AN D QU ALI TY ASSU RAN CE Classification Code Fe/ Zn 5A Studs shall be inspected to determine conformance (2) C la m p ing-typ e B1 31 M, M1 with this Standard Inspection procedures may be speci- stud , ؋ 1.5 re du ce d -d ia me t e r ؋ b o d y, alloy 400 fied by the p urchaser on the inquiry, p urchase order, (3) e ngine e r ing d r a w in gs , o r s ll b e a s a g re e d u p o n ASME , A S T M F M n i c ke l - c o p per Tap-end stud, full b ody, ASME B1 31 M, M1 ؋ ؋ 00, ASTM F 738M, Class A4-70 between the purchaser and supplier prior to acceptance (b) Optionally, studs may be designated by a Part of the order In the absence of a defined agreement, the requirements of ASME B1 8 shall apply Identifying Number when defined in ASME B1 24 ASM E B M -2008 Table Dim en sion s for Con tin uous-Th read Studs N o te ( ) D U U LT N om i n al Si ze Di am eter, D N om i n al Len gth , Pi tch , P M5 p U m ax P Ran ge –2 –5 M6 M1 M1 3.0 75 M [N o te (3 ) ] 3.5 M1 M20 M22 5 M24 M27 M30 3.5 ≥1 80 20 6–2 ≥ 80 2.5 10 60–1 60 25 I n crem en ts 60–1 60 –5 M8 LT [N ote (2)] –5 10 20 60–1 60 10 ≥1 80 20 0–5 60–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 40–5 60–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 60–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 60–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 60–1 60 10 ≥1 80 20 60–1 60 10 ≥1 80 20 70–1 60 10 ≥1 80 20 80–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 90–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 10 M36 1 0–1 60 ≥ 80 20 M 42 0–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M48 0 0–1 60 10 M5 5 1 M 64 2.0 M 72 , M 80, M 90, an d M 00 G EN ERAL N OTE: All d i m en si o n s are i n m i lli m eters un less o th erwise i n d i cated N OTES: (1 ) See secti o n for en d req u i rem en ts (2 ) See Table fo r to leran ces o n stu d len gth s (3 ) A n o n p referred si ze; n o t reco m m en d ed for n ew d esi gn d u e to li m i ted avai labi li ty ≥1 80 ≥1 80 ≥1 80 ≥ 00 20 20 20 20 ASM E B1 8.3 M -2 008 Table Dim ension s for Clam pin g-Type Studs N o te ( ) N o te ( ) DS U U U B B DR D LT Full Body Reduced Body N om i n al Si ze M i n i m um Th read Len gth , Di am eter, D Pitch , P [N ote (4)] M6 B N om i n al Len gth , m in [N ote (2)] LT ≤ 250 25 18 < LT ≤ LT > 400 24 400 Um ax p 25 M1 18 24 26 32 45 2.5 LT [N ote (3 )] P Ran ge 0–90 00–1 60 M8 U B B LT D 0–90 I n crem en ts 10 00–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 60–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M1 75 30 36 49 3.5 60–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M [N o te (5 ) ] 34 40 53 0–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M1 M20 M24 M30 2.5 3.5 38 44 46 57 52 54 65 60 66 73 72 85 M36 78 84 97 M 42 90 96 09 M 48 08 21 10 M56 5.5 24 37 11 M 64 40 153 12 M 72 156 69 12 M 80 72 85 12 M 90 05 12 M 00 225 12 G EN ERAL N OTE: 90–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 00–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 0–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 0–1 60 ≥ 80 ≥ 00 ≥ 40 ≥ 80 ≥ 00 ≥ 40 ≥ 80 ≥ 400 ≥ 440 ≥ 480 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 All d i m en si on s are i n m i lli m eters un less oth erwise i n d i cated N OTES: (1 ) See secti on fo r en d req u i rem en ts (2 ) Th e n om i n al full th read len gth is eq u al to Bm i n Th e m axi m u m to tal th read len gth is th e m i n i m u m fu ll th read len gth (n om i n al len gth ) p lu s a valu e eq ual to fi ve th read p i tch es See secti on 9, p ara (d ) (3 ) See Table fo r to leran ces o n stud len gth s (4) See Table fo r b od y d i am eters fo r full-b od y or red u ced -b o d y stud s (5 ) A n o n p referred si ze; n ot recom m en d ed for n ew d esi gn d u e to li m i ted avai labi li ty ASM E B M -2008 Table Dim ensions for Tap-En d Studs (1 N o te ( ) Ta p e n d N o te ( ) Ta p e n d N u t en d DS U D Engagem en t) DR D BM L LT U U B BM LT Full Body Di am eter, D M6 N ut-En d Th read Len gth , Full Th read Pi tch , P [N ote (4)] D L U B Reduced Body Tap-En d N om i n al Si ze N u t en d L≤ Len gth , 25 25 N om i n al Len gth , 200 BM Min Min Min Um ax p P 5 –9 45 18 24 Ran ge –90 00–1 60 M8 1 –1 5 18 24 2.5 –90 00–1 60 I n crem en ts 10 10 ≥ 80 20 M1 –1 5 26 32 45 3 –1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M1 75 –1 5 30 36 49 3.5 0–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M [N o te (5 ) ] 2 –2 65 34 40 53 0–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M1 2 –2 65 38 44 57 60–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M20 2.5 –3 65 46 52 65 70–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M24 3 –3 54 60 73 0–1 60 10 ≥ 80 20 M30 3.5 43 75 –46 66 72 85 90–1 60 10 M36 –5 78 84 97 M 42 61 –64 90 96 09 M 48 70 –73 08 21 10 M56 5 82 –85 75 24 37 11 M 64 94 –97 40 53 12 M 72 06 –1 09 156 69 12 M 80 1 –1 85 12 M 90 3 –1 05 12 M 00 48 –1 225 12 G EN ERAL N OTE: L [N ote (3 )] ≥ 80 ≥ 00 ≥1 ≥ 40 ≥ 60 ≥ 80 ≥ 00 ≥ 40 ≥ 60 ≥ 80 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 All d i m en si o n s are i n m i lli m eters un less o th erwise i n d i cated N OTES: (1 ) See secti o n for en d req ui rem en ts (2 ) Th e n o m i n al fu ll th read len gth is eq ual to Bm i n Th e m axi m um to tal th read len gth is th e m i n i m u m fu ll th read len gth (n om i n al len gth ) p lus a valu e eq u al to fi ve th read p i tch es See secti o n 9, p ara (d ) (3 ) See Table fo r to leran ces o n stud len gth s (4 ) See Table fo r bo d y d i am eters fo r full-bo d y o r red u ced -b od y stu d s (5 ) A n o n p referred si ze; n ot recom m en d ed for n ew d esi gn d ue to li m i ted avai lab i li ty ASM E B1 8.3 M -2 008 Table Bod y Di m en si on s for Double-En d Studs Bod y Di am eter, DR, for Bod y Di am eter, Red uced -Bod y Stud s N om i n al Si ze Di am eter, D M axi m um Overall Len gth , Pi tch , P DS, for Full-Bod y Stud s M in i m um LT Overall Len gth , ≤1 50 >1 50 M in i m um M axi m um LT ≤1 50 >1 50 M6 5 00 82 70 M8 25 7 04 00 78 64 M1 08 2 8.86 00 78 64 M1 75 95 1 1 68 00 1 73 1 M [N o te (1 ) ] 2 77 93 2.50 00 73 3.5 M1 77 93 00 73 5 M20 2.5 49 68 00 67 M24 22.1 22.32 80 00 67 3.48 M30 3.5 98 46 00 M36 3 74 33.1 00 M 42 40 78 00 41 M 48 45 05 44 43 00 M56 5.5 83 09 00 5 M 64 60 48 74 64 00 63 M 72 68 48 67 74 72 00 71 M 80 76 48 75 74 00 79 M 90 86 61 85 74 90 00 M 00 96 95 72 00 00 99 G EN ERAL N OTE: All d i m en si on s are i n m i lli m eters un less oth erwise i n d i cated N OTE: (1 ) A n o n p referred si ze; n ot recom m en d ed for n ew d esi gn d ue to li m i ted avai lab i li ty Table LT for Len gth Toleran ces: Con ti n uous-Th read an d Clam pi n g-Type Studs, an d L for Tap-En d Studs Len gth Toleran ce N om i n al Len gth [N ote (1 )] Over Clam pi n g-Type an d Th rough Tap-En d Stud s Con ti n uous-Th read Stud s 10 ± ± 10 18 ± ± 5 18 30 ± 42 ± 65 30 50 ± ± 50 80 ± 95 ± 80 20 ± 1 ± 75 20 80 ± 25 ± 00 80 250 ± 45 ± 2.3 250 31 ± 60 ± 60 31 00 ± 80 ± 2.85 00 00 ± 00 ± 3.1 >5 00 ± 00 ± 00 G EN ERAL N OTE: All d i m en si on s are i n m i lli m eters un less oth erwise i n d i cated N OTE: (1 ) N o m i n al len gth is LT fo r co n ti n u ou s-th read an d clam p i n g-typ e stud s, an d L fo r tap -en d stud s I n te n ti o n al l y l e ft bl an k ASM E B M -2 0 M AN DATORY APPEN DI X I STU D STRAI G H TN ESS, REFEREE G AG E, AN D G AG I N G PROCEDU RES The conformance o f stud straightness o r camb er limitatio ns s e t fo r th i n th e p ro du c t s t a n d a rd s p arallel sp ace b etween the rails equal to this d istance b y s ll b e ob taining co mmon re ad ings o n b o th micrometer head s che cked using the gage illustrated in Fig I-1 , in acco r- The ad j us tab le rail shall then b e lo cked in p lace b y tight- d ance with the follo wing p rocedure: ening s ecuring s crews Allowab le total camb er on the stud to be The insp ected s tud shall the n be p laced b etween the rails so shall b e calculated in accord ance with the p roduct stan- that a length not to e xce ed one no minal d iamete r exte nd s d ard out of the gage The stud shall b e co ns id ered accep tab le by by the result multip lying overall as a calculate d the length two-p lace shall be of sp ecified p ermissib le the and stud d e cimal ad d ed to The the camb er exp ressing total camb er sp ecified the fo r straightne ss if it can be rotated a full excessive camb er the ad j ustab le rail of gage s hall b e ad j uste d to p rovid e a Typi cal Strai gh tn ess G age R e ve rs e re a d i n g m i cro m e te r h e a d s Ad j u s ta b l e i l S e cu ri n g s cre ws E xte n d e d l e n g th d eg by gage that is sufficie nt to p re vent rotation s hall ind icate maximum b od y or maj or thre ad d iameters, w hiche ver is larger, and Fi g I -1 60 hand Any inte rference occurring b etween the stud and thus N o te ( ) n o t to e xce e d N o te ( ) o n e n o m i n a l d i a m e te r M a xi m u m b o d y o r th re a d d i a m e te r p l u s a l l o wa b l e to ta l ca m b e r N OTE: (1 ) G age m u st b e of su ffi ci en t wi d th an d len gth to accom m od ate th e d i am eter an d en ti re len gth of th e stud b ei n g gaged I n te n ti o n al l y l e ft bl an k