00323328 PDF Li ce ns ed C op y T om M ag ee , H ow de n P ow er , 3 0 O ct ob er 2 00 3, U nc on tr ol le d C op y, ( c) B S I BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 22063 1994 Metallic and other inorganic coatings[.]
British Standard Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI A single copy of this British Standard is licensed to Tom Magee 30 October 2003 This is an uncontrolled copy Ensure use of the most current version of this document by searching British Standards Online at bsonline.techindex.co.uk BRITISH STANDARD Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Thermal spraying — Zinc, aluminium and their alloys The European Standard EN 22063:1993 has the status of a British Standard UDC 621.793.7:669.586.7:669.718.6 BS EN 22063:1994 BS EN 22063:1994 Cooperating organizations Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Surface Treatments and Coatings Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 February 1994 © BSI 01-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference STC/40 Draft for comment 86/54448 DC ISBN 580 22780 Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y France Association franỗaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugs da Qualidade Spain Asociación Espola de Normalización y Certificación Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments BS EN 22063:1994 Contents Cooperating organizations National foreword Page Inside front cover ii Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN foreword Scope Normative references Definitions Manner of specifying requirements Classification Manufacture Required characteristics Test methods Annex A (normative) Adhesion test methods Annex B (informative) Recommendations for use Annex NA (informative) Original ISO text amended by CEN common modifications Annex NB (informative) Committees responsible Annex NC (informative) Cross-references 3 3 11 Inside back cover Inside back cover Inside back cover Figure — Conventions for determination of local thickness at a given point Figure — Distribution of measurement points in the reference square decimetre Figure A.1 — Cutting tool Table — Classification of sprayed metal coatings Table A.1 — Lattice dimensions Table B.1 — Minimum thicknesses (in micrometres) recommended for different purposes © BSI 01-1999 10 11 i BS EN 22063:1994 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Surface Treatments and Coatings Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 22063:1993 Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Thermal spraying — Zinc, aluminium and their alloys, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) It was derived by CEN from ISO 2063:1991, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) It supersedes BS 2569-1:1964 which is withdrawn The CEN common modifications have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text and are indicated by a side line in the margin Parts of the original ISO text that have been modified by CEN have been quoted in national annex NA A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 01-1999 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 22063 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 1993 UDC 621.793.7:669.586.7:669.718.6 Descriptors: Iron and steel products, coatings, protective coatings, metal spraying, zinc coatings, aluminium plating, classification, specifications, tests English version Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Thermal spraying — Zinc, aluminium and their alloys Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI (ISO 2063:1991 modified) Re vˆ etements métalliques et inorganiques — Projection thermique — Zinc, aluminium et alliages de ces métaux (ISO 2063:1991 modifiée) Metallische und andere anorganische Schichten — Thermisches Spritzen — Zink, Aluminium und ihre Legierungen (ISO 2063:1991 geändert) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1993-09-27 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1993 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 22063:1993 E EN 22063:1993 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword This European Standard has been taken over by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 240, Thermal spraying and thermally sprayed coatings, from the work of ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) CEN/TC 240 has decided to submit the final draft for formal vote by its resolution 19/1992 The result was positive This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1994, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1994 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom © BSI 01-1999 EN 22063:1993 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Scope This International Standard deals with characteristic properties and gives test methods for coatings obtained by the spraying of zinc and aluminium and their alloys for the general purpose of corrosion protection It gives firstly the definition, classification and symbols for these coatings in relation to their thickness It then deals with the preparation of surfaces, application of coatings and their characteristic properties: namely, thickness, appearance and adhesion Finally it gives test methods for checking these properties It does not deal with repairs to damaged metal areas This International Standard applies to thermal-sprayed metallic coatings for the protection of iron and steel against corrosion by applying zinc or aluminium or their alloys to the surface to be protected It does not, in general, apply to coatings obtained by the application of metals other than zinc or aluminium, although for other metals some of the provisions are valid and may be adopted by agreement between the interested parties Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this international Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards ISO/R 115:1968, Classification and composition of unalloyed aluminium ingots for remelting ISO 209-1:1989, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition and forms of products — Part 1: Chemical composition ISO 752:1981, Zinc ingots © BSI 01-1999 ISO 1463:1982, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method ISO 2064:1980, Metallic and other non-organic coatings — Definitions and conventions concerning the measurement of thickness ISO 2178:1982, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates — Measurement of coating thickness — Magnetic method ISO 8501-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in ISO 2064 and in particular the following, apply 3.1 significant surface the part of the article covered or to be covered by the coating and for which the coating is essential for serviceability and/or appearance 3.2 minimum local thickness the lowest value of the local thickness found on the significant surface of a single article Manner of specifying requirements When specifying the coating of articles by thermal spraying in accordance with this International Standard, the purchaser shall state, in addition to the number of the International Standard, the significant surface of the metal coating and its thickness in accordance with the symbols indicated in Table Classification The zinc, aluminium or Zn-Al alloy coatings considered in this International Standard are classified in a scale according to their thickness, in conformity with the indications in Table EN 22063:1993 Manufacture 6.1 Preparation of surfaces to be coated by thermal spraying1) Immediately before spraying, the surface shall be dry and free from dust, grease, scale, rust and other contaminants including soluble salts Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned and roughened with a suitable abrasive grit Blasting shall be continued until the surface has a white metallic appearance and uniform texture Table — Classification of sprayed metal coatings 1) This subclause specifies the most important elements of surface preparation before thermal spraying of zinc, aluminium and their alloys For more detailed specifications, refer to ISO 8504-2, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paint and related products — Surface preparation methods — Part 2: Abrasive blast-cleaning (to be published) © BSI 01-1999 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 22063:1993 In all cases, the roughness of the surface shall be verified by comparison with a reference surface having similar properties to the workpiece, prepared according to specifications agreed between the interested parties Unless otherwise specified, one of the following abrasives shall be used in the preparation of the surface: — hematitic chilled cast iron grit; — aluminium oxide grit In certain cases in some countries2), other abrasives may be used, by agreement between the interested parties, but with special precautions to achieve sufficient roughness to ensure the adhesion of the sprayed metal The grit size of the abrasive is generally between 0,5 mm and 1,5 mm The abrasive used, whatever its type, shall be clean and dry and, in particular, free from soluble salts In the case of abrasive blasting using compressed air, the air shall be sufficiently clean and dry to prevent contamination of the abrasive or the surface to be sprayed with metal Furthermore, it is desirable to check the cleanliness of the gritblasted surface using “grade Sa 3” according to ISO 8501-1 6.2 Coating metal The coating metal shall comply with the following conditions: — Zinc: zinc having a composition in accordance with type Zn 99,99 of ISO 752 — Aluminium: aluminium of a quality at least equal to that of type Al 99,5 (1050A) of ISO 209-1 — Zinc alloys: alloy basis shall be Zn 99,99 zinc (in accordance with ISO 752) and Al 99,7 aluminium [in accordance with ISO 209-1 (Al 1070)] The alloy composition shall be indicated as in note 1) of Table The tolerance for alloy metals shall be ± % of the nominal percentage content unless otherwise specified For example, zinc-aluminium alloys from 87 % zinc/13 % aluminium to 65 % zinc/35 % aluminium can be used The preferred alloy is 85 % zinc/15 % aluminium Appropriate symbols shall be used — Aluminium alloy: aluminium alloy with % magnesium, Al Mg5 in accordance with ISO 209-1 can be used 2) 6.3 Thermal spraying The thermal spraying shall be carried out after the surface has been prepared by abrasive blasting, within a period that allows the metal to be sprayed onto a prepared surface which is still clean, dry and not visibly oxidized This time allowed shall be as short as possible and shall be less than h depending on local conditions Spraying shall not be carried out under conditions leading to condensation on the surface to be sprayed and the surface shall be maintained at a temperature above the dew-point Thermal spraying shall be performed when the steel temperature is at least °C above the dew-point to avoid blistering If a deterioration of the surface to be coated is observed, the preparation treatment shall be repeated on the surface to be coated (see 6.1) 6.4 Sealing or painting 6.4.1 The purpose of metallic coating sealing is to seal porosities as much as possible 6.4.2 Natural sealing can be achieved by oxidation of the metallic coating under normal environmental exposure conditions when the resulting oxides, hydroxides and/or basic salts are not soluble in this environment 6.4.3 Artificial sealing can be achieved either by chemical conversion of the metallic coating surface (by phosphating, reactive painting, etc.) or by applying an appropriate paint system to close porosities 6.4.4 Painting of sealed or unsealed metallic coatings may be done either for aesthetic reasons or to extend the service life of the protective system 6.4.5 Painting is not recommended after natural sealing of the metallic coating 6.4.6 Whether the metallic coating is sealed or not, the system of painting shall be compatible with the substrate, and shall meet the requirements for durability, maintenance and resistance of the paint to the exposure environment Required characteristics 7.1 Thickness Metallic coatings deposited by thermal spraying are defined by their minimum local thickness (see 3.2) The method of measurement, the number and distribution of the measurements over the whole surface area treated shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser In some countries, the use of dry siliceous material is subject to statutory regulations © BSI 01-1999 EN 22063:1993 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7.1.1 Coatings with a surface area of between cm2 and m2 In the case of coatings with a surface area of between cm2 and m2, the local thickness at any given point shall be the coating thickness measured on a reference surface which is approximately cm2 in area Since the various methods available produce thickness determinations over measurement surfaces of different sizes, one uses the following methods to determine the local thickness at any given point (see Figure 1): — only one measurement, if the measurement surface has an area of not less than cm2; — the arithmetic mean of 10 measurements evenly distributed over a distance of between cm and cm, in the case of curvilinear or rectilinear measurements: this is the case of the micro-graphic section; — only one measurement, if the diameter of the measurement surface is greater than mm; — the arithmetic mean of two measurements distributed within an area of cm2, if the diameter of the measurement surface lies between mm and mm; — the arithmetic mean of three measurements distributed within an area of cm2, if the diameter of the measurement surface is less than mm; — the arithmetic mean of five measurements distributed within an area of cm2, if pinpoint measurements are taken 7.1.2 Coatings with a surface area greater than m2 In the case of coatings with a surface area greater than m2, the local thickness at any given point is the thickness of the coating measured on a reference surface which shall be approximately dm2 in area Since the various methods available produce thickness determinations over measurement surfaces of different sizes, the following methods are used to determine the local thickness at any given point: — only one measurement, if the measurement surface has an area of not less than dm2; — the arithmetic mean of 10 measurements distributed over the reference square decimetre in accordance with the diagram in Figure 2, if the measurement surface is a pinpoint or lies between a pinpoint and a few square centimetres 7.1.3 Location of thickness test points The measurement of the local thickness for the purpose of determining the minimum characteristic thickness of the coating takes place in practice at points at which the thickness of the coating is presumed to be at its lowest These points, and their number, may be defined by agreement between the parties concerned and stipulated at the time of placing the order It is recommended that these points should, wherever possible, be those specified in the product standards In the absence of any agreement between the parties concerned, the choice of these points is left to the discretion of the customer 7.1.4 Methods of measurement The measurements of thickness shall be made by magnetic measuring methods (see 8.1.2) which can be used in all cases, provided that specifications are observed concernng the number of measurements which must be used to obtain the arithmetic mean In the case of dispute, use the micrographic cross-section method if this is possible (see 8.1.3) 7.2 Appearance The surface of the coating shall be of uniform appearance, without blisters or bare patches, and free from non-adhering metal and defects which can be detrimental to the service life and expected use of the protective coating 7.3 Adhesion If at the end of the test no separation from the basis metal or within the metallic coating has occured, the coating shall be deemed to have satisfied the adhesion test (see 8.2) Tests methods 8.1 Measurement of thickness 8.1.1 Field of application of the methods 8.1.1.1 Magnetic measurements have the advantage of being non-destructive, rapid and capable of being carried out directly at any point on the surface to be controlled Furthermore, the nature of the coating (zinc, aluminium) sprayed onto a ferrous metal, and the values of the standard thicknesses, contribute to the achievement of satisfactory accuracy As a result, in conformity with the specifications of this International Standard and by agreement between the interested parties on the correct calibration of magnetic instruments for a given sample, magnetic measurements make it possible to carry out effective and accurate acceptance checks © BSI 01-1999 EN 22063:1993 Local thickness Determination of minimum thickness on a reference surface of about cm2 Number and distribution of measurements One measurement only Size of measurement surface for method used Measurement surface greater than cm2 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Arithmetic mean of 10 measurements evenly distributed Linear measurements in a plane of orthogonal over a distance of between cm section to the coating (micrographic section) and cm One measurement only Diameter of the measurement surface lies between mm and 10 mm Arithmetic mean of two measurements Diameter of the measurement surface lies between mm and mm Arithmetic mean of three measurements Diameter of the measurement surface is less than mm Arithmetic mean of five measurements Pinpoint measurements Figure — Conventions for the determination of local thickness at a given point © BSI 01-1999 EN 22063:1993 8.1.2 Magnetic measuring method The tests shall be carried out according to ISO 2178 8.1.3 Micrographic cross-section 8.1.3.1 Principle Micrographic examination by means of a microscope, on the cross-section of a test piece cut from the sample, in accordance with the specifications of ISO 1463 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 8.1.3.2 Comments Figure — Distribution of measurement points in the reference square decimetre 8.1.1.2 The micrographic cross-section method, used as a reference method for metallic coatings, is difficult to perform correctly for a sprayed metallic coating, and its interpretation may not give the required accuracy in view of the geometrical surface irregularities presented by the basis metal at the interface and by the coating metal at the surface Therefore, this method shall be used only after prior agreement between the interested parties, the test being made according to the requirements of 8.1.3 3) In order to prevent the separation of the coating from the substrate and rounding of the edges, the test piece shall be mounted in an appropriate mounting material such as a plastic or a low melting point alloy The surface to be examined shall be carefully polished with a suitable material Ten measurements shall be made, uniformly distributed along one of the sides of the test piece and covering approximately the 20 mm length of the cross-section (object surface), and the arithmetic mean of these measurements shall be taken 8.2 Adhesion test3) The choice of the test method and its interpretation shall be carried out by agreement between the interested parties An explanation of the methods is given in annex A This subclause is valid until the adoption of an International Standard applying to all metallic coatings © BSI 01-1999 EN 22063:1993 Annex A (normative) Adhesion test methods A.1.4 Interpretation of results A.1 Grid test A.1.1 Principle Cutting through the coating to the basis metal to give a lattice pattern having squares of specified dimensions No separation of the coating shall occur A.1.2 Apparatus A.1.2.1 Cutting tool with a hard point, of a type similar to that shown in Figure A.1 A.1.3 Procedure Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Using the tool (A.1.2), cut a lattice of the dimensions given in Table A.1 Table A.1 — Lattice dimensions Approximate surface covered by the lattice Thickness of coating verified Distance between cuts µm mm 15 mm × 15 mm # 200 25 mm × 25 mm > 200 The depth of the cuts shall be such that the coating is cut through to the basis metal Wherever possible, after the lattice has been cut, apply a suitable adhesive tape, agreed upon between the interested parties, to this part by means of a roller with a loading of N Then pull off the adhesive tape quickly and abruptly, in a direction perpendicular to the surface If this is not possible, the method of scribing the coating shall be agreed upon between the interested parties © BSI 01-1999 No part of the coating shall separate from the basis metal The adhesion shall be considered satisfactory if, in each square of the grid, part of the coating still adheres while the remainder is stuck to the adhesive tape, breakage having occurred within the layer of coating metal and not at the interface A.2 Tensile test method Cut through the metallic coating to the basis metal along a circle of diameter corresponding to that of the cylinder to be used for the test Carefully clean the area to be tested Glue a cylinder onto the coating, Use an adhesive having better adhesion to the coating than the coating has to the basis metal Cover the coating first with a wash primer to prevent the adhesive penetrating to the basis material, When the adhesive has hardened, cut away the excess adhesive around the cylinder Exert an increasing force normal to the surface on the cylinder, and measure the tensile force needed to separate the coating from the basis metal The difficulty of reproducing such tests in two different laboratories makes a comparison of test results unpractical In consequence, this test method can only be applied within one laboratory to compare coating adhesion regularity, it being understood that tests shall always be carried out under the same conditions of installation and by the same operator using the same adhesive on the same coating type NOTE A description of the method to determine the tensile adhesive strength is given in EN 582 “Thermal spraying-Determination of tensile adhesive strength” Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 22063:1993 Figure A.1 — Cutting tool 10 © BSI 01-1999 EN 22063:1993 Annex B (informative) Recommendations for use Table B.1 — Minimum thicknesses (in micrometres) recommended for different purposes Metal Environment Zinc Unpainted Painted Unpainted Painted Al Mg5 Unpainted Zn Al15 Painted 100 200 150 250 Fresh water 200 100 200 150 150 100 150 100 50 150 100 150 100 100 50 100 200 100 200 100 150 100 Marine atmosphere 150 100 200 100 250b 200b 150 100 Dry indoor environment 50 100 100 100 100 50 50 Industrial environment N.R a 50 b N.R Painted N.R b 200 Unpainted Salt water a Urban environment 100 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Aluminium a 100 NOTE The minimum thicknesses recommended in the table are limiting values under which premature failures are to be feared They not represent selection criteria, because the behaviours and expected life times of the systems under consideration are not necessarily equivalent a N.R b = Not recommended Offshore application © BSI 01-1999 11 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 12 blank BS EN 22063:1994 National annex NA (informative) Original ISO text amended by CEN common modifications Table — Classification of sprayed metal coatings In Table the U.S milli-inches are deleted They were as follows Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI A.2 Tensile test method In A.2 a note has been included with reference to EN 582 National annex NB (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Surface Treatments and Coatings Policy Committee (STC/-) to Technical Committee STC/40, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation Association of Metal Sprayers British Steel Industry Rolls-Royce Limited Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Welding Institute Zinc Development Association National annex NC (informative) Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ISO 1463:1982 BS 5411 Methods of test for metallic and related coatings Part 5:1984 Measurement of local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical examination of cross-sections ISO 2064:1980 Part 1:1980 Definitions and conventions concerning the measurement of thickness ISO 2178:1982 Part 11:1984 Measurement of coating thickness of non-magnetic metallic and vitreous or porcelain enamel coatings on magnetic basis metals: magnetic method ISO 8501-1:1988 BS 7079 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Group A Visual assessment of surface cleanliness Part A1:1989 Specification for rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings © BSI 01-1999 Licensed Copy: Tom Magee, Howden Power, 30 October 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI Ð British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We 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