BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 29073 3 1992 ISO 9073 3 1989 Incorporating Amendment No 1 Methods of tests for Nonwovens — Part 3 Determination of tensile strength and elongation The European Standard EN 29073[.]
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 29073-3:1992 ISO 9073-3: 1989 Incorporating Amendment No Methods of tests for Nonwovens — Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation The European Standard EN 29073-3:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 677.076.4:677.017.42:620.172 BS EN 29073-3:1992 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/19, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Clothing Industry Association British Nonwovens Manufacturers’ Association British Textile Employers’ Association British Textile Technology Group Furniture Industry Research Association Guild of Hospital Pharmacists Man-made Fibres Producers’ Committee National Fillings Trades Association Surgical Dressings Manufacturers’ Association This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 October 1990 © BSI 03-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/19 Draft for comment 87/38338 DC ISBN 580 18394 Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments 7010 November 1992 Indicated by a sideline in the margin BS EN 29073-3:1992 Contents Committees responsible National foreword Foreword Text of EN 29073-3 Publication(s) referred to © BSI 03-1999 Page Inside front cover ii Inside back cover i BS EN 29073-3:1992 National foreword This Part of BS 7304 has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee It is identical with ISO 9073-3:1989 “Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens — Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation” The international standard was prepared by Technical Committee 38, Textiles, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the active participation of the UK In 1992 the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) accepted ISO 9073-3:1989 as European Standard EN 29073-3:1992 As a consequence of implementing the European Standard this British Standard is renumbered as BS EN 29073-3 and any reference to BS 7304-3 should be read as a reference to BS EN 29073-3 In the cross-references, delete “BS 1051:1981 Glossary of terms relating to the conditioning, testing and mass determination of textiles (Technically equivalent)” and substitute the following BS EN 20139:1992, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (Identical) Cross-references International standard Corresponding British Standard ISO 139:1973 BS 1051:1981 Glossary of terms relating to the conditioning, testing and mass determination of textiles (Technically equivalent) ISO 186:1985 BS 3430:1986 Method for sampling to determine the average quality of paper and board (Identical) The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 5081:1977, to which reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard Attention is drawn to the following British Standard which is related to ISO 5081, and gives methods of test for woven fabrics which are also applicable to certain nonwovens BS 2576:1986, Method for determination of breaking strength and elongation (strip method) of woven fabrics A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 03-1999 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 29073-3 NORME EUROPÉENNE June 1992 EUROPÄISCHE NORM UDC 677.076.4:677.017.42:620.172 Descriptors: Textiles, fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, tests, tension tests, tensile strength, elongation at break English version Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens — Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation Textile — Méthodes d’essai pour nontissés Partie 3: Détermination de la résistance la traction et de l’allongement Textilien — Prüfverfahren von Vliesstoffe — Teil 3: Bestimmung der Höchstzugkraft und der Hochstzugkraftdehnung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-06-26 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 29073-3:1992 E EN 29073-3:1992 Foreword The European Standard has been taken over by CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” from the work of ISO/TC 38 “Textiles” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) The document was submitted to the CEN members to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved without any modification National standards identical to this European Standard shall be published at the latest by 1992-12-31 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by 1992-12-31 Following the CEN/CENELEC Common Rules the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom Contents Foreword Introduction Scope Normative references Principle Apparatus Sampling Preparation and conditioning of test pieces Procedure Expression of results Test report Page 3 3 3 3 4 © BSI 03-1999 ISO 9073-3:1989 (E) Introduction Although nonwovens are classified within the textile industry, it should be recognized that nonwovens technologically share characteristics not only with textile products but also with paper and/or plastic products There is an existing international textile test, ISO 5081 However, in order to meet the specific needs of nonwovens, alternative requirements to those listed in ISO 5081 are specified in this part of ISO 9073 These are a) a different sampling procedure; b) a constant rate of extension, i.e 100 mm/min Scope This part of ISO 9073 specifies a method for the determination of the tensile properties of nonwovens by the cut strip method NOTE Anomalies can occur when testing some spun-laid and glass fibre nonwovens This may require modification of the test procedure Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 9073 At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 9073 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards ISO 139:1973, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 186:1985, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality ISO 5081:1977, Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method) Principle Application of a force longitudinally to a test piece of a specified length and width at a constant rate of extension Determination of values for breaking strength and elongation from the recorded force-elongation curve Apparatus 4.1 Tensile testing machine, constant rate of extension type, equipped with an autographic recorder to register applied force and clamp separation © BSI 03-1999 4.2 Clamps, with jaws capable of holding the test pieces securely across their full width without damage Sampling Carry out sampling in accordance with ISO 186, where possible taking test specimens of an approximate length at m from the full width of the material Ensure that the areas from which the specimens are taken have no visible flaws and are not creased NOTE This method of sampling recognizes and makes provisions for “anisotropy” (differences in properties along various directions, principally machine and cross direction) in the final specimens However, these specimens are random representatives of the material and in some cases it may be desirable to investigate systematic variations of properties (including anisotropy), for example across the width, or in certain positions along the length of a given reel In all such cases, special provisions should be agreed between purchaser and vendor and recorded in the test report A procedure for more detailed examination of variability within a given batch of material is available in TAPPI T 11-05-74 and may be found helpful This publication may be obtained from: The Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries, Dun woody Park, Atlanta, Georgia 30338, USA Preparation and conditioning of test pieces 6.1 Unless otherwise specified, cut five test pieces in the machine direction and five in the cross-machine direction, ensuring that they are all taken at least 100 mm from the edge and are equally distributed across the width and length of the specimen 6.2 Cut the test pieces 50 mm ± 0,5 mm wide and of sufficient length to allow a jaw separation of 200 mm, thus avoiding risks due to local heterogeneity of nonwovens or to undue cutting of long-fibre nonwovens NOTE Wider test pieces and different forms of clamping, e.g C-form or piped form, may be used by agreement between the interested parties; a note of these special conditions should be included in the test report 6.3 Condition the test pieces as specified in ISO 139 6.4 If wet tensile tests are required, soak the test pieces, without conditioning, for at least h in a solution containing g of a non-ionic wetting agent per litre of distilled water Remove a test piece, shake off excess water, and test immediately Repeat the operation for each of the other nine test pieces NOTE A wetting time of less than h may be used by agreement between the interested parties; if so, it should be noted in the test report Procedure 7.1 Carry out the testing in the standard atmosphere for testing (see ISO 139) ISO 9073-3:1989 (E) 7.2 Set the jaws of the tensile testing machine 200 mm ± mm apart and clamp the test piece between them; straighten out the test piece until the force curve is on the zero line NOTE Pretensioning may be applied as described in ISO 5081; if so, it should be noted in the test report NOTE Where 200 mm is not available, a shorter test piece may be tested by agreement between the interested parties; if so, this should be noted in the test report 7.3 Apply a constant rate of extension of 100 mm/min and record the force-elongation curve for each test piece NOTE Other rates of extension may be desirable and should be agreed between the interested parties; if so, they should be noted in the test report Expression of results 8.1 Use the force-elongation curve to determine the maximum breaking strength in newtons If several peak values for the breaking strength occur during the test, take the highest value as the maximum breaking strength, and note this occurrence in the test report 8.2 Determine the elongation of the test piece at the maximum breaking strength and express this as a percentage of the nominal gauge length, that is, the original jaw separation 8.3 Discard the results from any test piece where the break occurs in the clamp or where any break reaches the jaws at a minimum of one point 8.4 Determine the means of the results, expressing the average breaking strength, in newtons, to the nearest 0,1 N, and the average percentage elongation at break to the nearest 0,5 % Calculate the coefficients of variation of the results NOTE Rupture energy may also be calculated from the total area under the curve Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 9073; b) all details necessary for the identification of the material; c) the results of the test in both the machine direction and cross direction (see 8.4); d) the conditioning atmosphere used; e) any unusual features noted during the testing, or deviations from the standard procedure © BSI 03-1999 BS EN 29073-3:1992 Publication(s) referred to See national foreword © BSI 03-1999 BS EN 29073-3:1992 ISO 9073-3: 1989 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard 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