BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 24505 1993 ISO 4505 1978 Specification for Hardmetals — Metallographic determination of porosity and uncombined carbon The European Standard EN 24505 1993 has the status of a Br[.]
Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD Specification for Hardmetals — Metallographic determination of porosity and uncombined carbon The European Standard EN 24505:1993 has the status of a British Standard UDC 669.018.25:620.186 BS EN 24505:1993 ISO 4505:1978 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 24505:1993 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1993 © BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ISM/65 Special announcement in BSI News, January 1993 ISBN 580 21920 Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y France Association franỗaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugs da Qualidade Spain Asociación Espola de Normalización y Certificación Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 24505:1993 Contents Cooperating organizations National foreword Foreword Scope and field of application Apparatus Preparation of test piece sections Procedure Test report National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Figure — Type A apparent porosity (× 100) Figure — Type A apparent porosity (× 200) Figure — Type B apparent porosity (× 100) Figure — Uncombined carbon (ì 100) â BSI 12-1999 Page Inside front cover ii 3 3 Inside back cover i Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 24505:1993 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 24505:1993 Hardmetals — Metallographic determination of porosity and uncombined carbon, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) It is identical with ISO 4505:1978, prepared by Technical Committee 119 “Powder metallurgy”, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the active participation of the UK This British Standard supersedes BS 5600-4.14:1980, which is withdrawn This edition makes no technical changes to the standard A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 12-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 24505 NORME EUROPÉENNE April 1993 EUROPÄISCHE NORM UDC 669.018.25:620.186 Descriptors: Powder metallurgy, hard metals, metallography, microscopic analysis, porosity, pores, carbon English version Hardmetals — Metallographic determination of porosity and uncombined carbon (ISO 4505:1978) Métaux-durs — Détermination métallographique de la porosité et du carbone non combiné (ISO 4505:1978) Hartmetalle — Metallographische Bestimmung der Porosität und des ungebundenen Kohlenstoffs (ISO 4505:1978) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1993-04-02 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1993 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 24505:1993 E Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 24505:1993 Foreword In 1992, ISO 4505:1978 Hardmetals — Metallographic determination of porosity and uncombined carbon was submitted to the CEN Primary Questionnaire procedure Following the positive result of the CEN/CS Proposal ISO 4505:1978 was submitted to the CEN Formal Vote The result of the Formal Vote was positive This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1993 According to the Internal Regulations of CEN/CENELEC, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom © BSI 12-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 24505:1993 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies methods for the metallographic determination of the presence, type, and distribution of porosity and uncombined carbon in hardmetals Apparatus 2.1 Metallographic microscope, or other suitable equipment permitting observations and measurements on a screen up to the required magnification (see clause 4) 2.2 Equipment for preparation of test-piece sections Preparation of test-piece sections The test-piece section shall be prepared as for metallographic examination and the surface to be examined shall be free from grinding and polishing marks Care shall be taken to avoid tearing out of particles, which may lead to a wrong evaluation of porosity NOTE There are several methods for the preparation of hardmetal surfaces for metallographic examination Firstly, careful coarse grinding is carried out to remove sufficient material to ensure that the true structure is revealed After grinding with fine diamond grit wheels, polishing is effected by using diamond paste or diamond powders of progressively finer grain size down to 4m on rigidly supported laps of, for example, thin plastic, thin felt or paper Procedure Pore size is defined as the maximum dimension of the pore in the section Special reference shall be made to the presence of cracks or slits 4.1 Pores up to 10 4m shall be assessed by scanning the surface of the test-piece section at a magnification of either 100 or 200 × An area fully representative of the test-piece section shall be examined and compared with the range of photomicrographs shown in Figure or Figure 2, according to the chosen magnification The porosity level shall be reported by reference to the appropriate photomicrograph and designated as A02, A04, A06 or A08 4.2 Pores within the range 10 to 25 4m shall be assessed by scanning the surface of the test-piece section at a magnification of 100 × An area fully representative of the test-piece section shall be examined and shall be compared with the range of photomicrographs shown in Figure The porosity level shall be reported by reference to the appropriate photomicrograph and designated as B02, B04, B06 or B08 © BSI 12-1999 4.3 If it is necessary to inspect for pores larger than 25 4m, they shall be examined at a suitable magnification up to 100 × and shall be counted and reported as the number of pores per unit area The size ranges shall be chosen as follows: 25 to 75 4m, 75 to 125 4m, over 125 4m 4.4 Uncombined carbon shall be assessed by scanning the surface of the test-piece section at a magnification of 100 × An area fully representative of the test-piece section shall be examined and shall be compared with the range of photomicrographs shown in Figure The level of uncombined carbon shall be reported by reference to the appropriate photomicrographs and designated as C02, C04, C06 or C08 4.5 If A or B type porosity or C type uncombined carbon is not detected, it shall be reported as A00, B00 or C00 as applicable 4.6 If the porosity or uncombined carbon is not uniform over the area of the test-piece section being examined, the locations on the section to which the evaluation refers must be identified, for example as top, bottom, edge, rim (case), core, etc Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this International Standard; b) all details necessary for identification of the test sample; c) the result obtained; d) all operations not specified by this International Standard, or regarded as optional; e) details of any occurrence which may have affected the result Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 24505:1993 Figure — Type A apparent porosity (ì 100) â BSI 12-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 24505:1993 Figure Type A apparent porosity (ì 200) â BSI 12-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 24505:1993 Figure — Type B apparent porosity (× 100) © BSI 12-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 24505:1993 Figure — Uncombined carbon (ì 100) â BSI 12-1999 blank Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 24505:1993 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical Committee ISM/65 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Hardmetal Association Federation of British Engineers (Test Manufacturers) Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Coopted member © BSI 12-1999 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Jun 24 07:59:47 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 24505:1993 ISO 4505:1978 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: 020 8996 9001 Fax: 020 8996 7001 In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: 020 8996 7111 Fax: 020 8996 7048 Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: 020 8996 7002 Fax: 020 8996 7001 Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager Tel: 020 8996 7070