BS EN 16329:2013 BS 2000-612:2013 BSI Standards Publication Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point — Linear cooling bath method BS EN 16329:2013 BS 2000-612:2013 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16329:2013 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum Testing and Terminology A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary Energy Institute, under the brand of IP publishes and sells all parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in its annual publication “Standard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 parts” and individually Further information is available from: Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR Tel: 020 7467 7100 Fax: 020 7255 1472 This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 580 76347 ICS 75.160.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2013 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2013 ICS 75.160.20 English Version Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination of cold filter plugging point - Linear cooling bath method Combustibles pour moteurs diesel et pour installations de chauffage domestique - Détermination de la température limite de filtrabilité - Méthode au bain refroidissement linéaire Dieselkraftstoffe und Haushaltsheizöle - Bestimmung des Temperaturgrenzwertes der Filtrierbarkeit - Verfahren mit einem linearen Kühlbad This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2013 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 16329:2013: E BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Contents Page Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Principle Reagents and materials 6 Apparatus .6 Sampling 14 Preparation of the test sample 14 Preparation of apparatus 14 10 Procedure 14 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Calibration 15 General 15 Thermometers calibration 15 Cooling unit 15 Vacuum unit 15 12 Expression of results 15 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 Precision 16 General 16 Repeatability 16 Reproducibility 16 14 Test report 16 Annex A (normative) Thermometer requirements 17 Bibliography 18 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Foreword This document (EN 16329:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2013 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Introduction This document specifies in detail an automated method as an alternative technique to EN 116:1997 [1] The cooling bath is no longer operated in several temperature stages (as in EN 116), but is replaced by a refrigeration unit with linear cooling Round Robin studies conducted for this determination method [2] showed improved precision compared to EN 116:1997 The studies covered currently marketed fuels, including non-fossil components (FAME-blends) or biofuels Although a bias has been identified during the statistical comparison of EN 116 and this document, this is not considered to be significant because the bias is within the repeatability of both methods The range of CFPP values for the fuels for the Round Robin – therefore the basis of the determined precision – was from –47 °C to +11 °C, but the results also showed indications of issues for fuel samples with a CFPP below –30 °C Further CEN studies are planned to assess the magnitude of these issues and the bias in additional market samples A separate study is planned to further confirm the precision for paraffinic diesel fuels as the amount of these samples included in the Round Robin had been limited A report with further statistical details of the Round Robin is under development within CEN At the same time, EN 116 [1] will be revised as well following conclusions from the Round Robin studies BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies an automated method for the determination of the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of diesel and domestic heating fuels using linear cooling This European Standard is applicable to fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME) and to distillate fuels as well as paraffinic diesel fuels, including those containing FAME, flow-improvers or other additives, intended for use in diesel engines and domestic heating installations The results obtained from the method specified in this European Standard are suitable for estimating the lowest temperature at which a fuel will give trouble-free flow in the fuel system NOTE In the case of diesel fuels, the results are usually close to the temperature of failure in service except when the fuel system contains, for example, a paper filter installed in a location exposed to the weather or if the filter plugging temperature is more than 12 °C below the cloud point of the fuel Domestic heating installations are usually less critical and often operate at a satisfactory level at temperatures somewhat lower than those indicated by the test results WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170) EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171) ISO 261, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — General plan Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 cold filter plugging point CFPP highest temperature at which a given volume of fuel fails to pass through a standardized filtration device in a specified time, when cooled under standardized conditions BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Principle This European Standard describes the use of automated test equipment only A test portion of the fuel is cooled under the specified conditions and is drawn at intervals of °C into a pipette under a controlled vacuum of kPa through a standardized wire mesh filter The procedure is repeated, as the fuel continues to cool, for each °C below the first test temperature Testing is continued until the amount of wax crystals, which have separated out of solution, is sufficient to stop or slow down the flow so that the time taken to fill the pipette exceeds 60 s or the fuel fails to return completely to the test jar before the fuel has cooled by a further °C The indicated temperature at which the last filtration was commenced is recorded as the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) Reagents and materials 5.1 Hydrocarbon solvents, technical grade, e.g Heptane 5.2 Light hydrocarbon solvents, technical grade, e.g Isopentane 5.3 Lintless filter paper, with particle retention of 30 µm 5.4 Certified reference materials NOTE Certified reference materials can be obtained from the European Commission, JRC The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium, can be contacted to obtain further information 6.1 Apparatus General The equipment is described in detail in 6.2 to 6.12 Unless otherwise stated, all dimensions in the figures are given in mm IMPORTANT — Parts of the apparatus made of copper, zinc or brass can interact with bio-components like Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Care shall be taken Parts made from alternative materials are available 6.2 Test jar, cylindrical, of clear glass, flat bottomed, with an outside diameter of (34 ± 0,5) mm, a wall thickness of (1,20 ± 0,15) mm and a height of (120 ± 5) mm The jar shall have a permanent mark at the 45 ml level 6.3 Jacket, watertight, cylindrical, flat bottomed, to be used as an air bath It shall have an inside diameter of (45 ± 0,25) mm and a height of (115 ± 3) mm 1) 6.4 Spacer, made from POM-C , except for the stainless steel rods with mm diameter, to be placed into the jacket (6.3), conforming to the dimensions as shown in Figure 1) POM-C Polyoxymethylen Copolymer, trademarks e.g DELRIN BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Dimensions in millimetres Key rod (3 in total) Figure — Spacer 6.5 Stopper, of oil-resistant and non-thermal conductive material, having three holes to accommodate the pipette with filter unit (6.6), the thermometer (6.9) and to allow venting of the system, and able to ensure that pipette and thermometer are safely positioned in the test jar BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) 6.6 Pipette with filter unit 6.6.1 A pipette of clear glass with a volume of (20 ± 0,2) ml at a point (149 ± 0,5) mm from the bottom of the pipette (see Figure 2) It shall be connected to the filter unit Dimensions in millimetres Figure — Pipette BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) 6.6.2 A filter unit as in Figure 3, with general purpose metric screw threads according to ISO 261, further consisting of a filter holder as in Figure and a disc, 15 mm diameter, stainless steel wire mesh gauze with a nominal aperture size of 45 μm in basket weave (not twill) The nominal diameter of the wire shall be 32 μm and the tolerance for the size of an individual aperture shall be as follows: a) no aperture size shall exceed the nominal size by more than 22 μm; b) the average aperture size shall be within ± 3,1 μm of the nominal size; and c) not more than % of the apertures shall be above the nominal size by more than 13 μm NOTE The requirements for the wire mesh are taken from ISO 3310-1 [3], to which reference may be made for methods for testing the gauze BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Dimensions in millimetres Key pipette (6.6.1) filter holder (see Figure 4) Figure — Filter unit 10 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Dimensions in millimetres Figure — Filter holder 6.7 An automated detection system comprising one sensor to record the filling of the pipette at a volume of (20 ± 0,2) ml, and a second sensor positioned (85 ± 4) mm from the bottom of the pipette to check for the complete flow back of the sample to the test jar before the start of the next aspiration cycle 6.8 A valve unit that connects the pipette either to the vacuum regulator, to allow sample to be drawn under vacuum into the pipette, or to the atmosphere to allow backflow of the sample to the test jar The connecting line between the valve unit and the pipette should have a maximum length of m, and an internal diameter of between mm and mm 6.9 The following thermometers shall be used: 6.9.1 A platinum resistance thermometer conforming to the essential dimensions set out in Annex A, with digital display, shall be used for measuring the sample temperature with a resolution of 0,1 °C and an accuracy of 0,5 °C (see Figure for the positioning) 6.9.2 A platinum resistance thermometer with digital display shall be used for measuring the cooling bath temperature with a resolution of 0,1 °C and an accuracy of 0,5 °C 11 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Dimensions in millimetres Figure — Filter unit and Pt100 position 12 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) 6.10 Cooling equipment The type of cooling bath is either liquid or metal It shall be of a shape and size suitable for containing the jacket (6.3) in a stable and upright position at the required depth The jacket (6.3) may be fixed permanently in the lid After starting the test cycle, the temperature of the cooling bath has to be brought within maximum five minutes from room temperature (18 °C to 35 °C) to –10 °C (Figure 6, time t1) Subsequently, the temperature is lowered by linear cooling at a rate of 30 K/h ± 1,5 K/h until reaching the CFPP The cooling rate should be stable within 10 after start cooling (Figure 6, time t1+t2) The sample temperature is not directly controlled, but does automatically follow the bath temperature with a difference depending upon the sample type Key a start of cooling b cooling rate stable t1 t2 time of cooling initiation time of cooling rate stabilisation X Y time (min) temperature Figure — Cooling profile for bath temperature (example) 6.11 Electronic vacuum regulator, able to regulate the vacuum to the required kPa ± 0,05 kPa over the whole aspiration cycle 6.12 Time measuring device, such as a stop watch, having an accuracy of 0,1 % over a period of 10 13 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Sampling Unless otherwise specified in the commodity specification, samples shall be taken as described in EN ISO 3170 or EN ISO 3171, and/or in accordance with the requirements of national standards or regulations for the sampling of the product under test Preparation of the test sample If the sample contains undissolved water and/or particulate matter, then pre-heat the sample at 45 °C for 30 and then allow the sample to cool down to ambient laboratory temperature If the sample no longer contains undissolved water and/or particulate matter, then testing shall proceed to Clause However, if the sample still contains undissolved water and/or particulate matter, then filter approximately 50 ml of the sample at ambient temperature, but in any case not less than 15 °C, through a dry filter paper (5.3) NOTE To investigate product complaints and to erase the thermal history of the sample due to cold storage conditions, the sample can be preheated as outlined above Preparation of apparatus IMPORTANT — The correct functioning of the apparatus should be verified preferably at least twice a year and, where possible, using certified reference materials The apparatus should also be checked more frequently (e.g weekly) using an in-house secondary reference material, such as fuel of known CFPP value Deviations outside established statistical quality control limits should be investigated and be resolved The manufacturer's instruction manual should provide guidance on ensuring that the equipment is correctly set up and calibrated Prepare the equipment according to the manufacturer's instructions Before each test, wash the filter unit (6.6.2), the test jar (6.2), the pipette (6.6.1) and the thermometer (6.9.1) with hydrocarbon solvent (5.1), then rinse with light hydrocarbon solvent (see 5.2) and dry in a stream of filtered air Check the cleanliness and dryness of all elements, including the jacket (6.3) Examine the wire mesh and the joints for damage; if necessary renew them Check that the screw cap is tight enough to prevent leakage It is strongly recommended to inspect the filter holder on a regular basis and clean it, as needed, depending on the type of samples 10 Procedure 10.1 Position the spacer (6.4) in the jacket (6.3) The jacket shall be free from moisture/ice; this shall be checked immediately before the positioning 10.2 Pour the test sample (see Clause 8) into the test jar to the mark (45 ml) 10.3 Check that the cooling bath with the positioned jacket is at a temperature between 18 °C to 35 °C (the jacket may be permanently fixed to the cooling bath) 10.4 Place the test jar with its stopper (6.5), and the pipette with filter unit (6.6) and suitable thermometer (6.9.1) into the jacket Ensure that the bottom of the filter unit and the thermometer both rest on the bottom of the test jar Check that the thermometer does not touch the wall of the test jar or the filter unit 14 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) 10.5 Connect the pipette to the valve unit 10.6 Start the test immediately according to the manufacturer's instructions The temperature of the cooling bath is lowered within to –10 °C Subsequently, the temperature of the cooling bath is further lowered at a rate of 30 K/h until the CFPP is reached (see Figure 6) 10.7 When the temperature of the test portion reaches an integer value, the first aspiration cycle is started by connecting the pipette via the valve unit to the vacuum regulator, causing the test portion to be drawn into the pipette When the pipette is filled with (20 ± 0,2) ml of tested fuel, it is vented via the valve unit to the atmosphere, thus allowing the test portion to return to the test jar 10.8 The aspiration cycle is repeated for each °C decrease of the test sample's temperature until the temperature is reached at which the pipette is not filled with (20 ± 0,2) ml within 60 s Record the temperature at which this last filtration was commenced as the CFPP (see also Clause 12) NOTE A small minority of samples may exhibit anomalous aspiration behaviour, which can be detected by examining the aspiration times recorded in the test printout for signs of an unexpected reduction in the time to fill the pipette, after which the aspiration time again continues to increase progressively, until the failure limit of 60 s is reached 10.9 If after cooling in accordance with 10.6, the test portion fills the pipette with (20 ± 0,2) ml in less than 60 s, but does not flow back below the bottom filling sensor when the pipette is vented to atmosphere via the valve unit (6.8) before the start of the next aspiration, this shall be recorded as such NOTE In this case, the instrument will display the temperature at the commencement of the filtration, e.g as “CFPP 2” or “No return” or “No flow-back” 11 Calibration 11.1 General The following components of the test equipment shall be calibrated at regular intervals Unless otherwise stated, a calibration is recommended every half year 11.2 Thermometers calibration The calibration of temperature measuring devices (including Pt 100) shall be checked at regular intervals (i.e at least once a year) by means of reference thermometers traceable to national or international SI standards 11.3 Cooling unit The rate of the linear cooling bath starting at –10 °C shall be checked with a time measuring device (6.12) 11.4 Vacuum unit The vacuum shall be checked by means of a manometer traceable to national or international SI standards 12 Expression of results Report the temperature read or indicated at the beginning of the last filtration to the nearest °C (see 10.8 and 10.9) as the cold filter plugging point 15 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) 13 Precision 13.1 General The statistical analysis was carried out using EN ISO 4259 [2] The precision analysis is based on a study carried out in 2011 That study included both heating gasoil and diesel fuels covering the range from % to 100 % of bio-components as well as paraffinic diesel fuels The range of CFPP values for the fuels for the Round Robin was from –47 °C to 11 °C Extrapolations to measurements outside this range are unsupported by the data NOTE A Technical Report with further details on the analysis is under development within CEN 13.2 Repeatability The difference between results obtained on the same day by the same operator with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, with normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values calculated from the following formula only in one case in twenty r = 1,1 − 0,033 X (1) where X is the average of the two results being compared, in °C 13.3 Reproducibility The difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators working in different laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values calculated by the following formula only in one case in twenty R = 1,7 − 0,052 X where X is the average of the two results being compared, in °C 14 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) reference to this European Standard, i.e EN 16329; b) type and complete identification of the product under test; c) sampling procedure used (see Clause 7); d) steps taken for the preparation of the sample (see Clause 8); e) result of the test (see Clause 12); f) any deviation from the procedure described; g) date of the test 16 (2) BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Annex A (normative) Thermometer requirements This Annex describes the required dimensions of the thermometer used in this document Table A.1 gives the dimensions for the platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) for each part as depicted and indicated in Figure A.1 For platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) made with a full metal shaft, the supplier shall confirm that the thermometer has been manufactured according to the dimensions Table A.1 — Thermometer dimensions Indication Description Dimensions mm A Probe diameter 4,5 ± 1,0 B Distance from bottom to wire coil 3,0 ± 2,0 C Length of wire coil including tip 12,0 ± 3,0 D Stem outside diameter 6,5 ± 1,0 Figure A.1 — Thermometer description 17 BS EN 16329:2013 EN 16329:2013 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 116:1997, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point [2] EN ISO 4259, Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test (ISO 4259) [3] ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth 18 This page deliberately left blank BS 2000 Series Energy Institute Buying Parts of BS 2000 Orders for BS 2000 publications should be addressed to either: Energy Institute – Library and Information Service 61 New Cavendish Street London W1G 7AR Tel: +44 (0)20 7467 7100 Fax: +44 (0)20 7255 1472 www.energyinst.org.uk Order standards securely via: www.energyinstpubs.org.uk or: British Standards Institution – Customer Services 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 www.bsi-global.com Order hard copy standards securely via: www.bsi-global.com/bsonline Copyright Copyright exists in all BS 2000 publications No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BSI and the Energy Institute Enquiries about copyright should be made to the Secretary of PTI/13 at the Energy Institute PTI/13 This page deliberately left blank NO 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