BS E N 445-6: 201 Incorporating September 20145 BS E Ncorrigendum 445 -6: 01 BSI Standards Publication U n fi red pressu re vessel s Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron B S E N 445 -6: 01 B RI TI SH STAN D ARD N a ti o n a l fo re wo rd Th i s B ri ti s h S ta n d a rd i s th e U K i m p l e m e n ta ti o n o f E N 445 - : I t s u p e rse d e s B S E N 445 - : 0 wh i ch i s wi th d wn Th e U K p a rti ci p a ti o n i n i ts p re p a ti o n wa s e n tru s te d to Te ch n i ca l C o m m i tte e PVE /1 , Pre s su re Ve s se l s A l i st o f o rg a n i z a ti o n s re p re s e n te d o n th i s co m m i tte e ca n b e o b ta i n e d o n re q u e s t to i ts se cre ta ry Th i s p u b l i ca ti o n d o e s n o t p u rp o rt to i n cl u d e a l l th e n e ce ss a ry p ro vi s i o n s o f a co n tra ct U s e rs a re re sp o n s i b l e fo r i ts co rre ct a p p l i ca ti o n © Th e B ri ti s h S t a n d a rd s I n s t i t u ti o n P u b l i s h e d b y B S I S t a n d a rd s Li m i te d I SB N 80 05 66 I CS Co m p l i a n ce wi th a B ri ti s h S ta n d a rd ca n n o t co n fe r i m m u n i ty fro m l e g a l o b l i g a ti o n s Th i s B ri ti s h S ta n d a rd wa s p u b l i sh e d u n d e r th e a u th o ri ty o f th e S ta n d a rd s Po l i cy a n d S tra te g y C o m m i tte e o n S e p te m b e r Am e n d m e n ts/co rri g e n d a i s su e d si n ce p u b l i ca ti o n D a te Te xt a ffe cte d S e p te m b e r Co rre cte d ve rsi o n i ssu e d b y CE N , se e E N fo re wo rd fo r d e ta i l s EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 3445-6 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM Septem ber 201 I CS 23 020 30 Su persed es EN 3445-6: 2009 En g l i sh Versi on U n fi red pressu re vessel s - Part 6: Req u i rem en ts for the d esi g n an d fabricati on of pressu re vessel s an d pressu re parts constru cted from sph eroi d al g raph i te cast i ron Réci pi en ts sou s pressi on n on soum i s l a fl am m e - Parti e 6: U n befeu erte Dru ckbeh äl ter - Tei l 6: Anford eru n g en an d i e E xi g en ces pou r l a concepti on et l a fabri cati on d es réci pi en ts Kon stru kti on u n d H erstel l u n g von Dru ckbeh äl tern u n d sou s pressi on et d es parti es sous pressi on m ou l és en fon te Dru ckbeh äl tertei l en aus Gussei sen m it Ku g el g raph i t g raph i te sph éroïd al Th i s E u ropean Stan d ard was approved by CE N on Au g u st 201 CE N m em bers are bou n d to com pl y wi th th e CE N/CE NELE C I n tern al Reg u l ati ons wh i ch sti pu l ate th e d i ti on s for g i vi n g th is Eu rope an Stan d ard th e status of a n ati on al stan d ard wi th ou t an y al terati on U p-to-d ate l ists an d bi bl i og raph i cal referen ces cern i n g such n ati on al stan d ard s m ay be obtai n ed on appl i cati on to th e CE N -CEN ELE C Man ag em en t Cen tre or to an y CE N m em ber Th i s E u ropean Stan d ard exi sts i n th ree offici al versi on s (E n g l ish , Fren ch , Germ an ) A versi on i n an y oth er l an g u ag e m ad e by transl ati on un d er th e responsi bi l ity of a CEN m em ber i nto its own l an g u ag e an d n oti fi ed to th e CE N -CEN E LEC Man ag em en t Cen tre h as th e sam e statu s as th e offi ci al versi ons CE N m em bers are th e n ati on al stan d ard s bod i es of Austri a, Bel g i um , B u l g ari a, Croati a, Cypru s, Czech Repu bl i c, Denm ark, E ston i a, Fi n l an d , Form er Yu g osl av Repu bl ic of M aced on i a, Fran ce, Germ an y, Greece, H u n g ary, I cel an d, I rel an d , I tal y, Latvi a, Li th u an i a, Lu xem bou rg , M al ta, N eth erl an ds, N orway, Pol an d , Portu g al , Rom an ia, Sl ovaki a, Sl oven i a, S pai n , S wed en , Swi tzerl an d , Tu rkey an d Un i ted Ki n g d om EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U RO P É E N D E N O RM A LI S A T I O N EURO P Ä IS C HES KO M I T E E F ÜR NO RM UNG C E N -C E N E LE C M an ag em en t C en tre: © 201 CE N Aven u e M arn i x 7, Al l ri g hts of expl oi tati on i n an y form an d by an y m ean s reserved worl d wi d e for CEN n ati on al M em bers B -1 00 B ru s s el s Ref N o E N 3445-6: 201 E B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) Con ten ts Page Foreword Scope Req u i rem en ts Desi gn Tech n i cal d ocu m en tati on 2 M ateri al s Desi gn m eth od s Fou n d i n g 20 Gen eral 20 Wel d i n g 20 M ateri al testi n g 20 6 Ch em i cal an al ysi s 20 Graph i te stru ctu re 21 Freq u en cy an d n u mber of tests 20 Gen eral 20 I n specti on d ocu m en ts 21 Testi n g an d fi n al assessm en t 21 7 CQ = 0, 21 Testi n g req u i rem en ts for CQ = 0, 21 U l trason i c testi n g an d /or secti on i n g 23 M ag n eti c parti cl e testi n g (on l y for ferri ti c g rad es) 23 Rad i og raph ic testi n g 23 1 Pen etran t testi n g 23 Su rface rou g h n ess 24 M i n i m u m wal l th i ckn ess 24 Wal l th i ckn ess tol eran ces 24 Oth er d i men si on s 24 Qu al i fi cati on of testi n g person n el 24 Fi n al assessmen t 24 7 2 Cracks, l aps, col d sh u t an d n on -fu sed ch apl ets 23 Su rface i mperfecti on s 22 Testi n g req u i rem en ts for Gen eral 21 Testi n g 21 Gen eral 24 H yd rau l i c test pressu re 24 Pressu re vessel s constru cted of a com bi n ation of parts i n d i fferen t materi al s 25 M arki n g an d d ocu m en tati on 25 M arki n g of casti n g s 25 2 Li mi tati on s on tem peratu re an d en erg y ten t Cycl i c l oad i n g 1 Servi ce d i ti on s 1 I n ter-rel ati on of th i ckn esses d efi n i ti on s 1 Symbol s U n i ts Term s an d d efi n i ti on s 3 Term s, d efi n i ti on s, u n i ts an d symbol s N ormati ve referen ces N am e pl ate for th e complete pressu re vessel 25 Docu men tation 25 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) An n ex A (n orm ati ve) A A Tech n i cal d ata for th e d esi gn cal cu l ati on s 26 Pu rpose 26 Tech n i cal data 26 A A 2 Ferri ti c sph eroi d al g raph ite cast i ron accord i n g to EN 563: 997 26 Au sten i ti c sph eroi d al g raph i te cast iron accord i n g to EN 3835: 2002 27 An n ex B (i n formative) Du cti l i ty 28 An n ex C (i n formati ve) Determi n ati on of th e mi n i m u m l ocal wal l th i ckn ess an d m i n i mu m req u i red bu rst test pressu re 29 An n ex D (n orm ati ve) D D D D Al l owabl e stress ran g e D Al l owabl e n u mber of cycl es 41 Al l owabl e stress ran g e 42 Assessmen t ru l e for total fati g u e dam age 42 Repai rs of su rface i m perfecti on s 42 An n ex E (n orm ati ve) Desi g n by an al ysi s for castin gs 43 I n trod u cti on 43 Speci al req u i rem en ts to EN 3445-3: 201 4, An n ex B 43 E Ad d i ti on to B 3: Desig n ch ecks for n ormal operati n g l oad cases 43 E 2 Ad d i ti on to B 4: Desig n ch ecks for testi n g l oad cases 43 Ad d i ti on s to EN 3445-3: 201 4, An n ex C 43 Req u i remen ts 44 An n ex F (i n form ati ve) Recom m an d ati on s for i n -servi ce val i d ati on an d i n specti on 45 Pu rpose 45 Tests d u ri n g operati on 45 M easu res to be taken when th e cal cu l ated al l owabl e fati g u e l i feti m e h as been reach ed 46 F F F 3 G Specifi c d esi g n req u i remen ts 47 Desi g n 47 G Gen eral 47 Cover th i ckn ess, pressu re to vex si d e 48 G Pressu re to cave si d e 48 Fl an g e th i ckn ess 48 An n ex H (n orm ati ve) Experi m en tal cycl i c pressu re testi n g proced u re 49 Pu rpose 49 Val i d i ty 49 Tests req u i rem en ts 49 H H H 3 Scope 47 G 2 H.2 H yd rau l i c testi n g of vessel s an d vessel parts with i n d i cated damag es 46 G H.1 Testi n g of vessel s an d pressu re parts at en d of l i fe with ou t i nd i cated d amag es 46 G Gen eral 46 An n ex G (n ormati ve) H.3 Fati g u e d esig n cu rves 40 D F Correcti on s to stress ran g e 39 D F 38 Pseu d o-el asti c stress ran g es 38 D F Detai l ed fati g u e assessmen t 38 D E Al l owabl e n u mber of cycl es 38 D Fati g u e d esig n cu rves 32 D Correcti on factors 32 D Pseu d o-el asti c stress ran g e 31 D E Si m pl i fi ed fati g u e assessm en t 31 D E Gen eral 31 D E Li mi tati on s 31 D Speci fi c sym bol s an d abbrevi ati on s 30 D Speci fi c d efin i ti on s 30 D Assessmen t of fati g u e l i fe 30 Pu rpose 30 D Gen eral 49 N u m ber of parts 49 Proced u re 49 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) H H.4 M ateri al tests 51 Al l owabl e n u m ber of cycl es 51 An n ex Y (i n formati ve) H i story of EN 3445-6 53 Y Di fferen ces between EN 3445-6: 20 09 an d EN 3445-6: 201 53 An n ex ZA (in form ati ve) Rel ati on sh i p between th is Eu ropean Stan d ard an d th e Essen ti al Req u i rem en ts of th e EU Pressu re Eq u i pm en t Di recti ve 97/23/EC 54 Bi bl i og raph y 55 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) Foreword Th i s d ocu men t (EN 3445-6: 201 4) h as been prepared by Tech n i cal Comm i ttee CEN /TC 54 “U n fi red pressu re vessel s”, th e secretari at of wh i ch i s h el d by BSI Th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard sh al l be g i ven th e statu s of a n ati on al stan d ard , ei th er by pu bl i cati on of an i d en ti cal text or by en d orsemen t, at th e l atest by December 201 4, an d fl i cti n g n ati on al stan d ard s sh al l be wi th d rawn at th e l atest by Decem ber 201 Atten ti on i s d rawn to th e possi bi l i ty th at some of th e el em en ts of th i s d ocu men t may be th e su bj ect of paten t ri g h ts CEN [an d /or CEN ELEC] sh al l n ot be h el d respon si bl e for i d en ti fyi n g an y or al l su ch paten t ri g h ts Th i s d ocu m en t h as been prepared u n d er a m an d ate g i ven to CEN by th e Eu ropean Com m i ssi on an d th e Eu ropean Free Trad e Associ ati on , an d su pports essen ti al req u i rem en ts of EU Di recti ve(s) For rel ati on sh i p wi th EU Di recti ve(s), see i n form ati ve an n ex ZA, wh i ch i s an i n teg ral part of th i s d ocu m en t Th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard si sts of th e fol l owi n g Parts: Part : General Part 2: Materials Part 3: Design Part 4: Fabrication Part 5: Testing and Inspection Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron Part 6: CR 3445-7, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron Part 8: CEN /TR 3445-9, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 9: Conformance of EN 13445 series to ISO 16528 Al th ou g h th ese Parts m ay be obtai n ed separatel y, i t sh ou l d be recog n i sed th at th e Parts are i n ter-d epen d an t As su ch th e man u factu re of u n fi red pressu re vessel s req u i res th e appl i cati on of al l th e rel evan t Parts i n ord er for th e req u i rem en ts of th e Stan d ard to be sati sfactori l y fu l fi l l ed Correcti on s M i g rati on to H el p th e stan d ard Desk i n terpretati on s (M H D) I n formati on wh ere rel ated several to th e opti on s H el p seem Desk possi bl e can be are d u cted fou n d at th rou g h th e h ttp: //www u n m fr (en 3445@u n m fr) A form for su bm i tti n g q u esti on s can be d own l oad ed from th e l i n k to th e M H D websi te After su bj ect experts h ave ag reed an an swer, th e an swer wi l l be com mu n i cated to th e q u esti on er Corrected pag es wi l l be g i ven speci fi c i ssu e n u mber an d i ssu ed by CEN accord i n g to CEN Ru l es I n terpretati on sh eets wi l l be posted on th e websi te of th e M H D Th i s d ocu m en t su persed es EN 3445-6: 2009 Th i s n ew ed i ti on i n corporates th e Amen d m en ts wh i ch h ave been approved previ ou sl y by CEN members, an d th e corrected pag es u p to I ssu e wi th ou t an y fu rth er tech n i cal ch an g e An n ex Y provi d es d etai l s of si g n i fi can t tech n i cal ch an g es between th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard an d th e previ ou s ed i ti on B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) Am en d men ts to th i s n ew ed i ti on may be i ssu ed from ti m e to ti me an d th en u sed i m m ed i atel y as al tern ati ves to ru l es tai n ed h erei n I t i s i n ten d ed to d el i ver a n ew I ssu e of EN 3445: 201 each year, sol i d ati n g th ese Am en d men ts an d i n cl u d i n g oth er i d en ti fi ed correcti on s I ssu e (201 5-07) i n cl u d es th e corrected pag es l i sted i n An n ex Y Accord i n g to th e CEN -CEN ELEC I n tern al Reg u l ati on s, th e n ati on al stan d ard s org an i zati on s of th e fol l owi n g cou n tri es are bou n d to i m pl emen t th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard : Au stri a, Bel g i u m , Bu l g ari a, Croati a, Cypru s, Czech Repu bl i c, Den mark, Eston i a, Fi n l an d , Former Yu g osl av Repu bl i c of M aced on i a, Fran ce, G erm an y, Greece, H u n g ary, I cel an d , I rel an d , I tal y, Latvi a, Li th u an i a, Lu xem bou rg , M al ta, N eth erl an d s, N orway, Pol an d , Portu g al , Roman i a, Sl ovaki a, Sl oven i a, Spai n , Swed en , Swi tzerl an d , Tu rkey an d th e U n i ted Ki n g d om B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) Scope Th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard speci fi es req u i rem en ts for th e d esi g n , m ateri al s, m an u factu ri n g an d testi n g of pressu re vessel s an d pressu re vessel parts i n ten d ed for u se wi th a maxi m u m al l owabl e pressu re, PS, eq u al or l ess th an 00 bar an d sh el l wal l th i ckn esses n ot exceed i n g 60 m m , wh i ch are stru cted of ferri ti c or au sten i ti c sph eroi d al g raph i te cast i ron Th e th i ckn ess l i m i tati on of th e sh el l d oes n ot appl y to th i ckn ess of fl an g es, rei n forcemen ts, bosses etc Th e al l owabl e g rad es d o n ot i n cl u d e l am el l ar g raph i te cast i ron g rad es for ferri ti c an d au sten i ti c g rad es, wh i ch are expl i ci tl y excl u d ed from th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard becau se of l ow el on g ati on an d bri ttl e m ateri al beh avi ou r, wh i ch req u i res th e u se of d i fferen t safety factors an d a d i fferen t approach N OTE Au sten i ti c sph eroi d al g raph i te cast i ron g rad es are pri n ci pal l y u sed for h i g h an d l ow tem peratu re appl i cati on s an d for th ei r corrosi on resi stan ce properti es N OTE Th e al l owabl e g rad es of sph eroi d al g raph i te cast i ron are l i sted i n Tabl es an d Tabl es Servi ce d i ti on s are g i ven i n Cl au se N orm ati ve referen ces Th e fol l owi n g d ocu men ts, i n wh ol e or i n part, are n ormati vel y referen ced i n th i s d ocu m en t an d are i n d i spen sabl e for i ts appl i cati on For d ated referen ces, on l y th e ed i ti on ci ted appl i es For u n d ated referen ces, th e l atest ed i ti on of th e referen ced d ocu m en t (i n cl u d i n g an y d men ts) appl i es EN 764-2: 201 2, Pressure equipment — Part 2: Quantities, EN 764-5: 2002, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Compliance and inspection documentation of materials EN 837-1 : 996, Pressure gauges — Part : Bourdon symbols and units tube pressure gauges — Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testing EN 837-3: 996, Pressure gauges — Part 3: Diaphragm and capsule pressure gauges — Dimensions, metrology, requirements and testing EN 369: 201 2, Founding — Magnetic particle testing EN 370: 201 , Founding — Examination of surface condition EN 371 -1 : 201 , Founding — Liquid penetrant testing — Part : Sand, EN 559-1 : 201 , Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part : General EN 559-3: 201 , Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 3: A dditional requirements for iron castings EN 563: 997, EN 563: 997/A1 : 2002, EN 563: 997/A2: 2005, EN 2680-3: 201 , EN 2681 : 2003, gravity die and low pressure die castings Founding — Spheroidal graphite cast irons Founding — Ultrasonic testing — Part 3: Sph eroidal graphite cast iron castings Founding — Radiographic examination EN 3445-1 : 201 4, Unfired pressure vessels — Part : General EN 3445-3: 201 4, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design EN 3445-5: 201 4, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) EN 3835: 2002, EN 3835/A1 : 2006, EN I SO 945-1 : 2008, Microstructure Founding — Austenitic cast irons of cast irons — Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (I SO 945-1 : 2008) Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts — Part 1: Vocabulary (I SO 8062-1 : 2007) EN I SO 8062-1 : 2007, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts — Part 3: General dimensional and geometrical tolerances and machining allowances for castings EN I SO 8062-3: 2007, (I SO 8062-3: 2007) Term s, d efi n i ti on s, u n i ts an d sym bol s Term s an d d efi n i ti on s For th e pu rposes of th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard , th e fol l owi n g terms an d d efi n i ti on s appl y cri ti cal zon e h i g h l y stressed area wh ere a fractu re i s expected to occu r i n a bu rst test or wh ere su rface fati g u e cracks are expected to be i n i ti ated d u e to fl u ctu ati n g pressu re l oad s N ote to en try: Cri ti cal zon es m ay occu r, for exam pl e, by an y of th e fol l owi n g : su d d en ch an g e i n cross secti on ; sh arp ed g es; sh arp rad i i ; peak stresses; ben d i n g stresses; stresses d u e to oth er th an m em bran e stress; ch an g es i n cu rvatu re N ote to en try: A cri ti cal zon e i s an al ysed by an y appropri ate m eth od , e g h ol og raph i c, i n terferom etri c, strai n g au g e m eth od s, bu rst test, fati g u e testi n g , FEM an al ysi s etc N ote to en try: Ad d i ti on al l y, th erm al g rad i en ts an d th erm al stresses d u e to d i fferen t operati n g wal l temperatu res n eed to be si d ered i n d efi n i n g cri ti cal zon es pu rch aser i n d i vi d u al or org an i sati on th at bu ys pressu re eq u i pmen t, i n cl u d i n g assembl i es or parts, for i ts own u se or on beh al f of th e u ser an d /or operator m an u factu rer i n d i vi d u al or org an i sati on respon si bl e for th e d esi g n , fabri cati on , testi n g , i n specti on , i n stal l ati on of pressu re eq u i pmen t an d assembl i es wh ere rel evan t N ote to en try: Th e m an u factu rer m ay su bcon tract on e or m ore of th e above m en ti on ed tasks u n d er i ts respon si bi l i ty B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) E Req u i rem en ts Desi g n by an al ysi s cal cu l ati on s sh al l i n cl u d e th e fol l owi n g : a d etai l ed d escri pti on of th e n u meri cal meth od u sed , i n cl u d i n g th e n am e an d versi on of compu ter software, i f appl i cabl e; d escri pti on of m od el g eometry (i n cl u d i n g el em en t type for fi n i te el emen t an al ysi s); l oad i n g d i ti on s an d bou n d ary d i ti on s u sed to ad d ress th e l oad cases i n th e U ser’ s Desi g n Speci fi cati on ; m ateri al ch aracteri sti cs u sed for al l req u i red ph ysi cal properti es (i e mod u l u s of el asti ci ty, Poi sson ’ s rati o, th ermal expan si on coeffi ci en t, th ermal d u cti vi ty, th ermal d i ffu si vi ty), stren g th param eters (i e yi el d an d ten si l e stren g th ), an d th e d esi g n m embran e stress i n ten si ty; d escri pti on of wh eth er materi al n on l i n eari ty i s u ti l i zed i n th e an al ysi s i n cl u d i n g a d escri pti on of th e m ateri al mod el (i e stress-strai n cu rve an d cycl i c stress-strai n cu rve); d escri pti on of th e n u meri cal an al ysi s proced u re (i e stati c an al ysi s, bu ckl i n g an al ysi s, n atu ral freq u en cy an al ysi s, d yn ami c an al ysi s) an d wh eth er g eom etri cal l y l i n ear or n on -l i n ear opti on i s i n voked ; Graph i cal d i spl ay of rel evan t resu l ts (i e n u m eri cal m od el , d eform ed pl ots, an d tou r pl ots of th erm al an d stress resu l ts); meth od u sed to val i d ate th e n u m eri cal m od el (i e mesh sen si ti vi ty revi ew an d eq u i l i bri u m ch eck for fi n i te el em en t an al ysi s, e g ch eck of h oop stress i n a compon en t away from stru ctu ral d i scon ti n u i ty an d a ch eck to en su re th at g l obal eq u i l i bri u m is ach i eved between appl i ed l oad s an d reacti on s at speci fi ed bou n d ary d i ti on s); 44 d escri pti on of processi n g th e n u m eri cal an al ysi s resu l ts i n ord er to obtai n fi n al resu l ts (i e stress l i n eari zati on m eth od , u se of cen troi d al or n od al val u es for stress, strai n , an d temperatu re resu l ts); a su mm ary of th e n u meri cal an al ysi s resu l ts sh owi n g th e acceptan ce cri teri a u ti l i zed to meet th e req u i remen ts of th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard ; el ectron i c storag e of an al ysi s resu l ts i n cl u d i n g i n pu t fi l es an d ou tpu t fi l es th at tai n n u meri cal an al ysi s resu l ts u ti l i zed to d em on strate cod e compl i an ce B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) An n ex F (i n form ati ve) Recom m an d ati on s for i n -servi ce val i d ati on an d i n specti on F Pu rpose Th i s an n ex g i ves recommen d ati on s for th e ti n u ed acceptan ce of cast eq u i pmen t mad e accord i n g to th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard Th e i n stru cti on s for u se i ssu ed by th e man u factu rer may tai n req u i remen ts for i n -servi ce i n specti on s an d may tai n recom men d ati on s for re-i n specti on s d epen d i n g on th e d esi g n , servi ce an d req u i red servi ce l i fe F Tests d u ri n g operati on Every pressu re vessel or pressu re vessel part sh ou l d be extern al l y an d , i f n ecessary, i n tern al l y i n spected (by n on d estru cti ve meth od s) at a peri od n ot l ater th an th e cal cu l ated al l owabl e fati g u e l i feti m e accord i n g to An n ex D I f th e l i feti m e d u e to n ormal servi ce d i ti on s i s si d ered to be i n fi n i te by th e man u factu rer an i n specti on sh al l be mad e after years of servi ce wh en n o ad verse si tu ati on h as been si g n al l ed from th e operator or th e i n spector to th e man u factu rer N OTE Th i s ti m e correspon d s to th e al l owabl e n u m ber of cycl es wh en th e d esi g n stress ran g e spectru m i n cl u d es on l y on e type of cycl e For more compl ex l oad i n g spectra, i t correspon d s to th e ti m e wh en a total fati g u e d amag e i n d ex of 0, (see d efi n i ti on i n An n ex D) h as been reach ed Th e operator sh ou l d record th e n u m ber of l oad cycl es i n u se i n a su i tabl e way an d , i f n ecessary, arran g e for i n tern al or extern al i n specti on s N OTE Th e record s can i n d i cate a n eed for a soon er i n specti on i n terval th an ori g i n al l y l d d own I f n o record s exi st, th e i n spector may ch oose th e l east favou rabl e occu rri n g d i ti on d u ri n g operati on of th e vessel or vessel part N OTE Lon g er i n specti on i n terval s m ay possi bl y resu l t from ca l cu l ati on s accord i n g to An n ex D wi th a d etai l ed assessmen t of fati g u e l i fe th an from th e si m pl i fi ed fati g u e assessm en t m eth od N OTE A d amag e to be expected can al so be fou n d in n on -pressu re beari n g parts su ch as i n tersecti on s between su pporti n g l u g s an d vessel wal l wh i ch mi g h t i n d u ce fati g u e crack i n i ti ati on an d seq u en tl y red u ce th e l i fe of th e pressu re part I f n o record exi sts th e n u m ber of l oad cycl es m ay be esti mated i n n orm al operati n g d i ti on s an d ag reed u pon between th e u ser an d th e i n spector For pressu re vessel s su bj ect to cycl i c l oad i n g , i n -servi ce i n specti on s are of parti cu l ar i mportan ce to d etect i n ci pi en t d am ag e i n g ood ti m e Th erefore, th e i n tern al i n specti on s sh ou l d be su ppl emen ted by n on -d estru cti ve tests on h i g h l y stressed l ocati on s, especi al l y by test meth od s su i tabl e to d etect su rface cracks For mon i tori n g i n accessi bl e areas, u l trason i c testi n g from th e ou tsi d e su rface of th e vessel i s recomm en d ed I f th e operati n g d i ti on s d evi ate g reatl y from th ose assu med i n th e cal cu l ati on accord i n g to An n ex D i n terms of a g reater cycl i c l oad i n g , or i f d am ag e of th e vessel wal l i s to be expected before th e en d of th e i n specti on i n terval s owi n g to oth er operati n g i n fl u en ces, th e i n specti on i n terval s sh ou l d be sh orten ed 45 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) Con versel y, i f n o i n ci pi en t cracks are d etected d u ri n g th e reg u l ar i n specti on s, th e vessel can be operated fu rth er u p to th e n ext i n specti on i n th e i n terval l d d own or ag reed , even i f th e al l owabl e l i feti me as cal cu l ated accord i n g to An n ex D h as al read y been reach ed or h as been exceed ed F M easu res to be taken wh en th e cal cu l ated al l owabl e fati g u e l i feti m e h as been reach ed F G en eral I f th e al l owabl e fati g u e l i feti m e for a vessel or com pon en t, d eterm i n ed by cal cu l ati on accord i n g to An n ex D or by experi men t accord i n g to An n ex H , sh ows an i n fi n i te l i feti m e by cal cu l ati on or experi m en tati on , n o n on -d estru cti ve tests h ave to be carri ed ou t wh en th e vessel or vessel part h as been worki n g at n o h i g h er th an th e d esi g n d i ti on s wh ere i t was i n ten d ed for I f th e al l owabl e fati g u e l i feti m e of th e com pon en t g i ven i n th e operati n g i n stru cti on s h as been reach ed (i e i f th e al l owabl e n u m ber of cycl es h as been reach ed d i fferen t from an i n fi n i te n u mber of cycl es or i f th e total fati g u e d am ag e i n d ex accord i n g to An n ex D h as reach ed th e val u e , n on -d estru cti ve tests sh ou l d be perform ed as compl etel y as possi bl e cen trati n g on h i g h l y stressed l ocati on s an d cri ti cal zon es I f n o cracks are d etected by th e n on -d estru cti ve tests d u cted i n th e i n specti on i n terval s an d i n th e test above, ti n u ed operati on may be al l owed I f cracks or crack-l i ke d efects or oth er more exten si ve d amag e are fou n d , th e compon en t or th e stru ctu ral el emen t cern ed sh ou l d be repl aced , u n l ess ti n u ed operati on appears ad mi ssi bl e after veri fi cati on by appropri ate measu res F Testi n g of vessel s an d pressu re parts at en d of l i fe wi th ou t i n d i cated d am ag es Wh en th e n u m ber of eq u i val en t fu l l pressu re cycl es h as reach ed th e en d of l i fe, a pressu re test sh ou l d be perform ed wh en d eemed n ecessary for certai n servi ce parameters For th e meth od of testi n g see n ext su bcl au se F 3 H yd rau l i c testi n g of vessel s an d vessel parts wi th i n d i cated d am ag es Wh en th e n u m ber of eq u i val en t fu l l pressu re cycl es h as reach ed th e en d of l i fe, a h yd rau l i c pressu re test sh ou l d be perform ed Th e ti me h el d sh al l be at l east su ffi ci en t to perform a compl ete i n specti on wi th a mi n i m u m ti m e of m i n i rrespecti ve of part si ze I f th e test i s su ccessfu l l y passed , th en th e operati on can be ti n u ed Wh en i n d i cated d amag es are vi si bl e before th e n u mber of eq u i val en t fu l l pressu re cycl es h as been reach ed , a recon si d eri n g of th e d esi g n may be n ecessary, ei th er to ch oose an oth er materi al g rad e, to l ower d esi g n parameters or to veri fy i f al l possi bl e l oad cases h ave been si d ered 46 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) An n ex G (n orm ati ve) Speci fi c d esi g n req u i rem en ts G.1 Scope Th i s an n ex wi l l g i ve req u i rem en ts to th e d esi g n ers i n d etai l d esi g n s of cast n od u l ar parts to d eterm i n e th e req u i red th i ckn ess by form u l ae of u n common sh apes, n ot i n cl u d ed i n EN 3445-3: 201 bu t freq u en tl y u sed i n cast d esi g n N OTE Th i s An n ex G tai n s on l y on e exam pl e of fl an g e d esi g n , bu t may be exten d ed wi th oth er stru cti on d etai l s wh en su ch i s i n d i cated by th e man u factu rers an d n o speci fi c DB F ru l es are g i ven i n EN 3445-3: 201 Od d sh apes can al ways be veri fi ed by DBA d esi g n m eth od s, bu t are often m ore expen si ve Th i s d esi g n ru l e i s appl i ed to cast d i sh ed covers wi th ou t th e kn u ckl e rad i u s, su bj ect to pressu re, for wh i ch th e fol l owi n g d i ti on s are sati sfi ed Fi g u re G — Cast d i sh ed cover A1 20 an d A1 1 ea R wh ere R 000 m m Th e sph eri cal part n eed s to be above th e fl an g e h ori zon tal h al f cen trel i n e G Desi g n G Gen eral Cal cu l ati on of n om i n al d esi g n stress accord i n g Bol t l oad s an d areas, cal cu l ati on accord i n g 1 an d 1 of EN 3445-3: 201 47 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) G 2 Cover th i ckn ess, pressu re to vex si d e e c ,8 PS R f (G 2-1 ) G Pressu re to cave si d e I f th e pressu re on th e vex si d e i s l arg er th an on th e cave si d e th e th i ckn ess of th e crown sh al l n ot be l ess th an e c , 65 PS n E R (G 2-2) wh ere n i s d etermi n ed accord i n g to th e tabl e bel ow I n term ed i ate val u es are obtai n ed by l i n ear i n terpol ati on Tabl e G — Form factor e C /R n 0, 001 5, 0, 003 4, 0, 005 3, 0, 01 3, 0, 3, G Fl an g e th i ckn ess For m etal to metal tact an d O-ri n g g askets: e f 2, W f op CB nd C (G 2-3) For g askets i n si d e th e bol t ci rcl e d i ameter e f ,1 W CB f ABd op wh ere n W op 48 i s th e n u mber of bol ts; i s th e operati n g force d eterm i n ed by EN 3445-3: 201 4, Cl au se 1 (G 2-4) B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) An n ex H (n orm ati ve) Experi m en tal cycl i c pressu re testi n g proced u re H.1 Pu rpose Th i s an n ex g i ves req u i remen ts for th e fati g u e testi n g of pressu re vessel s or pressu re vessel parts i n cases wh ere a fati g u e assessm en t can n ot be ad eq u atel y performed d u e to speci al sh ape or l ack of experi en ce Al l th e req u i rem en ts g i ven form a si sten t set wh i ch sh ou l d be appl i ed as a wh ol e Th i s test i s al so a part of th e tech n i cal d ocu m en tati on H Val i d i ty Th e fabri cati on of pressu re vessel s or vessel parts presu mes th at th e man u factu rer i n ten d i n g th e prod u cti on h as acq u i red th e n ecessary competen ce an d su ffi ci en t experi en ce to man u factu re accord i n g to th e speci fi ed stan d ard Th i s mean s th at tests, performed by th e m an u factu rer or a recog n i sed l aboratory are on l y val i d for th e sam e man u factu rer prod u ci n g th e prod u cti on parts wi th th e sam e casti n g process H Tests req u i rem en ts H G en eral Test d i ti on s sh al l be d ed u ced from th e m axi m u m operati n g d i ti on s Wh en a pressu re part i s su bj ect to cycl i c pressu re testi n g at am bi en t tem peratu re, an d wh en f sh al l be i n creased by / T* TS m ax an d TS d i ffers from th e test tem peratu re, test pressu re accord i n g Eq u ati on (D 6-3) for ferri ti c g rad es an d D for au sten i ti c g rad es H N u m ber of parts Ran d om sampl es taken from prod u cti on of th e vessel or vessel part sh al l be u sed for fati g u e test to d etermi n e th e al l owabl e n u mber of l oad cycl es Th i s i s cal l ed th e fati g u e batch H 3 Proced u re Veri fy th at th e vessel s or vessel parts to be tested are i n accord an ce wi th th e appropri ate d rawi n g an d speci fi cati on Veri fy th at th e vessel or vessel part i s m ach i n ed to th e sam e d i m en si on s an d tol eran ce speci fi cati on s as th e prod u cti on part Veri fy th at a cal i brated pressu re g au g e i s u sed ; maxi m u m tol eran ce sh al l form to at l east cl ass or better accord i n g to EN 837-1 : 996 an d EN 837-3: 996 Th e scal e of th e pressu re g au g e sh al l be approxi m atel y 4/3 of th e an ti ci pated maxi m u m cycl i c test pressu re 49 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) The following test set–up may be used for a layout Key pressure regulation air tank variable pressure constant pressure air circuit as short as possible Pmax 10 11 12 Pmin pressure pulse frequency three way valve membrane cycle counter water level detector Fi g u re H — Test set-u p Pressure cycling shall be performed in accordance with the following procedure: fill the pressure part to be tested with a non-corrosive fluid such as oil, inhibited water or glycol; vent all air pockets The rate of pressurization shall not exceed bar/s If, for pressure in excess of 80 % of the design burst pressure, the rate of pressurization exceeds 3,5 bar/s, then either the temperature shall be recorded to show no abnormal or excessive heating of the vessel, or there shall be a s hold at the next pressure pulse Ensure that the number of pressure cycles shall not exceed cycles/min It is not acceptable that, during the test, leaks and lack of tightness occur between flanged, gasketed or bolted parts 50 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) Th e test sh al l n ot be performed by m ean s of a cl amped stru cti on on a h yd rau l i c press wh i ch can cou n teract th e sh el l ben d i n g stress resu l ti n g i n n o free m ovem en t of th e wal l u n d er pressu re Th e n u mber of cycl es to fai l u re sh al l be reported , al on g wi th th e l ocati on an d d escri pti on of th e fai l u re i n i ti ati on H M ateri al tests Th e fol l owi n g tests an d exam i n ati on s sh al l be carri ed ou t on each vessel su bm i tted for approval tests: a h yd rau l i c pressu re test accord i n g to sh al l be carri ed ou t pri or to th e cycl i c pressu re testi n g ; vi su al exam i n ati on i n th e fi n al d i ti on accord i n g to ; m ag n eti c parti cl e i n specti on (on l y for ferri ti c g rad es) Th e i n specti on sh al l be carri ed ou t i n accord an ce wi th EN 369: 201 2; after th e test a materi al sampl e sh al l be taken from th e l ocati on wh ere th e fati g u e crack occu rred Th e fol l owi n g tests sh al l be carri ed ou t: a) th i ckn ess measu remen t; b) mi crostru ctu re i n vesti g ati on ; c) an al ysi s of th e type of fractu re H Al l owabl e n u m ber of cycl es To d ecrease th e test ti me a h i g h er cycl i c pressu re th an th e m axi mu m al l owabl e pressu re can be appl i ed Th ree or more tests are req u i red I n each test th e pressu re sh al l be cycl ed between th e m i n i mu m val u e g i ven by th e P i n stal l ati on mi n an d P PS P P P P maxexp wh ere compon en t I n m ost d esi g n s, P PS th e el asti ci ty l i mi t i s expected max exp min( P max ,3 to be reach ed for th e m ost stressed vessel ) I f th e req u i red fati g u e l i fe exceed s 0000 cycl es, i t i s perm i ssi bl e to accel erate th e test by appl yi n g a h i g h er cycl i c pressu re ran g e wh ere max exp Th e g eom etri c mean fati g u e l i fe (i n cycl es) obtai n ed sh al l n ot be l ess th an PSP N F mc Nc gm req (H 4-1 ) wh ere Nc gm i s th e g eometri c m ean fati g u e l i fe obtai n ed from th e tests; Nreq i s th e req u i red n u mber of fu l l pressu re cycl es; PS i s th e m axi mu m al l owabl e pressu re ( M Pa) P i s th e pressu re ran g e i n fati g u e test mc i s th e expon en t i n th e eq u ati on s d escri bi n g th e fati g u e d esi g n cu rves F is a test factor 51 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) NOTE Nc gm should be a lower value compared with a larger amount of samples Nreq If the value is still too high one could used a higher P or The test factor F depends on the required probability of survival, the number of test results and the standard deviation of log N , For consistency with the design R N curves for spheroidal graphite cast iron Annex D of this standard, the required probability of survival is 97,7 %.A selection of values of k , which correspond to 95 % confidence in 97,7 % survivability are given in Table H.1 Values for other numbers of tests may be obtained from ISO 21 07 Tabl e H — Val u es of k with n u mber of test speci m en Number of tests 10 F k 9,1 6,1 5,0 4,4 4,0 3,8 3,6 3,5 is derived using the one-sided tolerance limit factor, k , such that: F k The standard deviation of log N may be obtained from these tests or other representative tests NOTE The standard deviation of log N is a measure of the scatter in fatigue lives obtained from a number of fatigue tests Values of F for a standard deviation of 0,222, which is the largest value found from fatigue tests of spheroidal graphite cast iron pressure vessels, are given in Table H2 Tabl e H — Val u es of Number of tests 10 F F 05,3 22,6 2,6 9,4 7,8 6,9 6,3 5,8 If a lower value for the standard deviation of log N =0,222 is obtained in the test, it may be applied 52 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) An n ex Y (i n form ati ve) H i story of EN 3445-6 Y Di fferen ces between EN 3445-6: 2009 an d EN 3445-6: 201 Th e 201 ed i ti on of EN 3445-6 tai n s th e 2009 ed i ti on of th e stan d ard an d al l correcti on s i ssu ed i n th e mean ti m e N OTE Y Th e ch an g es referred i n cl u d e th e si g n i fi can t tech n i cal ch an g es bu t i s n ot an exh au sti ve l i st of al l m od i fi cati on s Li st of corrected pag es of I ssu e (201 5-07) Pag es 6, 53 53 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) An n ex ZA (i n form ati ve) Rel ati on sh i p between th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard an d th e Essen ti al Req u i rem en ts of th e EU Pressu re Eq u i pm en t Di recti ve 97/23/EC Th i s Eu ropean Stan d ard h as been prepared u n d er a m an d ate g i ven to CEN by th e Eu ropean Comm i ssi on an d th e Eu ropean Free Trad e Associ ati on to provi d e a mean s of form i n g to Essen ti al Req u i remen ts of th e N ew Approach Pressu re Eq u i pmen t Di recti ve 97/23/EC On ce th i s stan d ard i s ci ted i n th e Offi ci al J ou rn al of th e Eu ropean U n i on u n d er th at Di recti ve an d h as been i m pl emen ted as a n ati on al stan d ard i n at l east on e M em ber State, compl i an ce wi th th e cl au ses of th i s stan d ard g i ven i n Tabl e ZA fers, wi th i n th e l i m i ts of th e scope of th i s stan d ard , a presu m pti on of form i ty wi th th e correspon d i n g Essen ti al Req u i remen ts of th at Di recti ve an d associ ated EFTA reg u l ati on s Tabl e ZA — Correspon d en ce between th i s Eu ropean Stan dard an d Pressu re Eq u i pmen t Di recti ve 97/23/EC Cl au se(s)/su bcl au se(s) of Essen ti al Req u i rem en ts (ERs) of th i s EN Pressu re Eq u i pm en t Di recti ve Qu al i fyi n g remarks/N otes 97/23/EC , 2, 2, An n ex D, An n ex E, 2 Cal cu l ati on m eth od 2 Experi m en tal d esi g n m eth od 3, 6, M an u factu ri n g proced u res Traceabi l i ty Fi n al assessm en t Testi n g 2 2 Proof test 3 M arki n g , An n ex A M ateri al s for pressu ri zed parts An n ex G 2 an d 2 6, An n ex H WARN I N G: Oth er req u i rem en ts an d oth er EU Di recti ves may be appl i cabl e to th e prod u ct(s) fal l i n g wi th i n th e scope of th i s stan d ard 54 B S E N 445 -6 : 01 E N 445-6: 201 (E ) EN 3445-6: 201 (E) I ssu e (201 5-07 ) I ssu e (201 5-07) Bi bl i og raph y [1 ] Gorsitzke, B.: Berechnung der Ermüdungslebensdauer wechselbeanspruchter Druckbehälter aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgrafit [2] Kikkert, J Bepaling van de elasticiteitsgrens van verschillende nodulaire gietijzersoorten op verhoogde temperatuur [3] ISO/CD 083, Spheroidal graphite cast iron (2001 -01 -1 8) [4] EN 3068-1 :1 999, Non-destructive testing — Radiographic testing — Part : Quantitative measurement of imaging properties [5] EN 3068-2 :1 999, Non-destructive testing — Radiographic testing — Part 2: Check of long term stability of imaging devices [6] Hasse, S.: Duktiles Gusseisen Schiele & Schön, 995 [7] SFS 3320, Design of pressure vessels — Dished cover [8] ISO 21 07:2003 — Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Statistical planning and analysis of data 55 This page deliberately left blank This page deliberately left blank NO C OPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXC EPT AS PERMITTED BY C OPYRIGHT LAW British Standards 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