BS EN 13523 21 2010 ICS 25 220 60 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Coil coated metals — Test methods Part 21 Evaluation of outdoor exposed panels[.]
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13523-21:2010 Coil coated metals — Test methods `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Part 21: Evaluation of outdoor exposed panels ICS 25.220.60 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale BS EN 13523-21:2010 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13523-21:2010 It supersedes BS EN 13523-21:2003 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/27, Paint systems for metallic substrates A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2010 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments © BSI 2010 ISBN 978 580 65394 `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2010 ICS 25.220.60 Supersedes EN 13523-21:2003 English Version Coil coated metals - Test methods - Part 21: Evaluation of outdoor exposed panels Tôles prélaquées - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 21 : Évaluation des panneaux exposés en extérieur Bandbeschichtete Metalle - Prüfverfahren - Teil 21: Bewertung von freibewitterten Probenplatten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 February 2010 `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale Ref No EN 13523-21:2010: E BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Principle 5 5 Apparatus and materials 6 6 Sampling 6 7 Test panels 6 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 Procedure 6 General 6 Preparation 6 Evaluation 7 9 Expression of results 9 10 Precision 9 11 Test report 9 Bibliography 15 `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13523-21:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2010 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 13523-21:2003 The main changes are: a) the text has been revised editorially and the normative references have been updated `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - EN 13523, Coil coated metals — Test methods, consists of the following parts: Part 0: General introduction and list of test methods Part 1: Film thickness Part 2: Specular gloss Part 3: Colour difference — Instrumental comparison Part 4: Pencil hardness Part 5: Resistance to rapid deformation (impact test) Part 6: Adhesion after indentation (cupping test) Part 7: Resistance to cracking on bending (T-bend test) Part 8: Resistance to salt spray (fog) Part 9: Resistance to water immersion Part 10: Resistance to fluorescent UV radiation and water condensation Part 11: Resistance to solvents (rubbing test) Part 12: Resistance to scratching Part 13: Resistance to accelerated ageing by the use of heat Part 14: Chalking (Helmen method) Part 15: Metamerism Part 16: Resistance to abrasion Part 17: Adhesion of strippable films Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Part 18: Resistance to staining Part 19: Panel design and method of atmospheric exposure testing Part 20: Foam adhesion Part 21: Evaluation of outdoor exposed panels Part 22: Colour difference — Visual comparison Part 23: Colour stability in humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide Part 24: Resistance to blocking and pressure marking Part 25: Resistance to humidity Part 26: Resistance to condensation of water Part 27: Resistance to humid poultice (Cataplasm test) Part 29: Resistance to environmental soiling (Dirt pick-up and striping) According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies the procedure for evaluating the behaviour of an organic coating on a metallic substrate during and after outdoor exposure Panel design, preparation and the procedure for outdoor exposure are performed in accordance with EN 13523-19 After washing of the panel some dirt can remain on the panel This remaining dirt can influence the accuracy and precision of readings of gloss and colour, performed on exposed panels, although carried out in accordance with the standards Unlike other precise measurements, the objective of this European Standard is to report on trends in the corrosion and/or paint degradation behaviour of coil coated panels Normative references `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 13523-0:2001, Coil coated metals — Test methods — Part 0: General introduction and list of test methods EN 13523-2, Coil coated metals — Test methods — Part 2: Specular gloss EN 13523-3, Coil coated metals — Test methods — Part 3: Colour difference — Instrumental comparison EN 13523-14, Coil coated metals — Test methods — Part 14: Chalking (Helmen method) EN 13523-19, Coil coated metals — Test methods — Part 19: Panel design and method for atmospheric exposure testing EN ISO 4628-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of blistering (ISO 4628-2:2003) EN ISO 4628-3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting (ISO 4628-3:2003) EN ISO 4628-4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of cracking (ISO 4628-4:2003) EN ISO 4628-5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking (ISO 4628-5:2003) Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13523-0:2001 apply Principle The behaviour of the test panels exposed in accordance with EN 13523-19 is evaluated Any degradation in the relevant area is reported, using the relevant parts of EN 13523 and appropriate EN ISO Standards In cases where the inspection area is limited (e.g at screws and bends), the evaluation method described in the EN ISO 4628 standard series is replaced by an easier and more suitable measurement of the degradation in millimetres Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Where possible, the results of symmetrical areas, e.g left and right edges, are combined and the average value is reported The inspection of the 45° panel (panel 1) will focus on paint degradation, whereas the 90° panel (panel 2) and the 5° panel (panel 3) are mainly evaluated for corrosion NOTE Panel designations (1, 2, 3) are as defined in EN 13523-19 NOTE Due to restrictions in the available flat area, the number of recommended readings might vary from other parts of EN 13523 and relevant EN ISO Standards It is strongly recommended to take a photograph of each exposed panel at each inspection Apparatus and materials 5.1 Gloss meter, in accordance with EN 13523-2 5.2 Apparatus for colour measurement, in accordance with EN 13523-3 5.3 Apparatus for measurement of chalking, in accordance with EN 13523-14 5.4 Washing solution, containing 0,5 % (by mass) of a mild non-reactive detergent (pH to 7) in water 5.5 Cloth or sponge, non-abrasive and smooth Sampling See EN 13523-0 Test panels See EN 13523-0 Procedure 8.1 General Evaluate the coating properties at ambient temperature The panels should be inspected not less than every six months in the first year and yearly afterwards Colour measurements on metallics as well as gloss and colour measurements on textured and embossed surfaces are only indicative 8.2 Preparation 8.2.1 Ensure that results of the measurements of gloss in accordance with EN 13523-2 and colour in accordance with EN 13523-3 are available before exposure of the test panels When using reference panels, these panels shall be kept in an envelope and not exposed to any light source 8.2.2 Some measurements require a washed area prior to inspection Washing shall be performed as follows: Wash the upper 1/3 part of the 45° panel with washing solution (5.4) at ambient temperature (see Note) Use the cloth or sponge (5.5) to gently clean the surface Rinse with water at ambient temperature and air dry at ambient temperature Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - NOTE BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) NOTE 8.3 Washing should be carried out in such a way that the other 2/3 of the panel is not affected Evaluation 8.3.1 General The following procedure specifies the sets of different readings that are taken For each panel the procedure is accompanied by a table summarising the different measurements and the relevant standard test methods 8.3.2 Panel (45° panel) A summary of the different measurements and evaluations on panel is given in Table For gloss and colour change, measurements shall be performed on the washed area of the panel Chalking and the evaluation of the overall surface shall be performed on the unwashed area of the panel Cracking on the bend shall be evaluated on both the washed and unwashed area of the panel Inspect the panels as indicated in a) to e) below `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - a) Change in gloss Measure the gloss in accordance with EN 13523-2 Perform the reading parallel with the bend and report the average value of not less than three measurements Use the same measurement angle as has been used for the initial measurement prior to exposure and report this angle Report both initial gloss and gloss after exposure from which the change in gloss and the gloss retention can be calculated b) Colour change Carry out the measurement in accordance with EN 13523-3 The colour change is the difference between the initial L*, a*, b* values and the L*, a*, b* values after exposure Report initial and inspection measurements L*, a*, b* and changes ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b* and ∆E c) Chalking Perform the measurement and report the results in accordance with EN 13523-14 d) Cracking on the bend Inspect the bend visually for cracking Report the presence of cracks as the distance, in millimetres, from the 1T side to the last sign of cracking e) Overall surface evaluation The overall surface is defined as the flat surface of panel excluding edges and bends Inspect the overall surface of the panel for blisters in accordance with EN ISO 4628-2, for cracking in accordance with EN ISO 4628-4, for flaking in accordance with EN ISO 4628-5 and for corrosion in accordance with EN ISO 4628-3 Report all other observations, e.g dirt, mildew, etc., as remarks 8.3.3 Panel (90° panel) A summary of the different measurements and evaluations on panel is given in Table NOTE The inspection is limited to the evaluation of corrosion Evaluation of the degree of paint degradation can be performed but this panel orientation is not recommended for it The 45° panel (panel 1) is more appropriate The inspection shall be performed on unwashed panels Any deviations from the specified inspection shall be reported Inspect the panels as indicated in a) to g) below Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) a) Edges Describe the type of degradation, e.g filiform corrosion, delamination, blistering, rusting (white or red rust) Measure the size of the degradation, e.g average and maximum length in millimetres, percentage of edge affected, or number of individual degradations Average results on left and right edges and report as side edge results Report both top and bottom edges separately as well as results on the overlap area b) Overall surface evaluation Inspect the overall surface of the panel for blisters in accordance with EN ISO 4628-2, for cracking in accordance with EN ISO 4628-4, for flaking in accordance with EN ISO 4628-5 and for corrosion in accordance with EN ISO 4628-3 c) Bends Inspect the bends visually for cracks Report the presence of cracks as the distance in millimetres from the 1T side to the last sign of cracking Average the results of the two bends Also inspect for blisters in accordance with EN ISO 4628-2, for corrosion in accordance with EN ISO 4628-3 and for flaking in accordance with EN ISO 4628-5 Report any defects occurring only on the flat sides of the bends under other observations d) Areas around the screws Report the type of degradation, together with its size as the length, in millimetres, in a radial direction e) Areas around rivets See d) above f) Scribe For the horizontal and vertical scribes, report the average and maximum values of delamination in millimetres perpendicular from the scribes, as the average of the two scribes If required, report the affected area of the scribes as a percentage Also report the presence of blisters, filiform corrosion and/or rust g) Reverse side If required, report relevant degradation Report all other observations as remarks 8.3.4 Panel (5° panel) A summary of the different measurements and evaluations on panel is given in Table NOTE For this panel, the recommended inspection is limited to the evaluation of corrosion However, evaluation of the degree of paint degradation may also be carried out The inspection shall be performed on unwashed panels Any deviations from the specified inspection shall be reported Inspect the panels as indicated in a) to g) below a) Edges Describe the type of degradation, e.g filiform corrosion, delamination, blistering, rusting (white or red rust) Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - The overall surface is defined as the flat surface of panel excluding edges, bend, scribes and areas around screws or rivets BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Measure the size of the degradation, e.g average and maximum length in millimetres, percentage of edge affected, or number of individual degradations Average results on left and right edges and report as side edge results Report both top and bottom edges separately as well as results on the overlap area b) Overall surface evaluation The overall surface is defined as the flat surface of panel excluding edges, bend, scribes and area around screws or rivets Inspect the overall surface of the panel for blisters c) Bend Inspect the bend of the upper panel visually for cracks Report the presence of cracks as the distance in millimetres from the 1T side to the last sign of cracking Also inspect for blisters in accordance with EN ISO 4628-2, for corrosion in accordance with EN ISO 4628-3 and for flaking in accordance with EN ISO 4628-5 Report any defects occurring only on the flat sides of the bends under other observations d) Lower exposed surface in the immediate vicinity of the overlap See b) above e) Areas around screws Report the type of degradation around screws, together with its size as the length in millimetres in a radial direction f) Area around rivets See e) above g) Reverse side If required, report relevant degradation Report all other observations as remarks Expression of results Express the results as indicated in 8.3 Possible formats are given in Tables 1, and respectively 10 Precision The concept of precision is not applicable to this part of EN 13523 11 Test report The test report for panels exposed shall contain all data given in Tables 1, and respectively Also indicate any deviation from the test method specified If initial measurements are made on coated reference panels and not on the test panels before exposure this shall be reported `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS EN 13523-21:2010 (E) `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Table — Typical table of results – Panel (45° panel) – Summary of measurements and evaluations in accordance with EN 13523-21 Property/area inspected Gloss EN 13523-2 Angle Initial gloss Units Gloss after exposure Units Other observations Change in gloss Units Gloss retention % e.g dirt, mildew, etc 20° 60° 85° Colour EN 13523-3 Chalking EN 13523-14 Cracking on bend Not for Resale Overall surface 10 Measured values/Results of inspection L* Initial colour a* b* Colour after exposure L* a* b* ∆L* Colour change ∆a* ∆b* Colour difference ∆E Length in millimetres (mm) from 1T Cracking EN ISO 4628-4 Size Quantity (density) Flaking EN ISO 4628-5 Size Quantity (density) Date of inspection Blistering EN ISO 4628-2 Size Quantity (density) Panel identification No Start of exposure Description: Periods removed from exposure Dates of previous inspections Substrate Coating type Others (e.g surface treatment) Colour Accumulative time of exposure Rusting EN ISO 4628-3 Size Quantity (density) Exposure site Signature(s) Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Table — Typical table of results – Panel (90° panel) – Summary of measurements and evaluations in accordance with EN 13523-21 Property/area inspected Edges Measured values/Results of inspection Filiform corrosion Size average maximum Percentage Delamination mm Percentage affected Blistering Size Number `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Not for Resale Bends Cracking EN ISO 4628-4 Size Quantity Cracking length in millimetres (mm) from 1T Flaking EN ISO 4628-5 Size Quantity Flaking EN ISO 4628-5 Size Areas around screws Areas around rivets Scribe Type of degradation: Size (mm): Type of degradation: Size (mm): Delamination (mm) Area affected (%): Quantity Rusting Percentage affected affected side top bottom overlap Overall surface Other observations Blistering EN ISO 4628-2 Size Quantity Blistering EN ISO 4628-2 Size Blisters Quantity Rust: Colour of the rusting (white or red rust) Percentage affected e.g dirt, mildew, etc Number of spots Rusting EN ISO 4628-3 Size Quantity Rusting EN ISO 4628-3 Size Quantity Filiform corrosion: 11 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Table (continued) Property/area inspected Measured values/Results of inspection Reverse side Panel identification No Degradation: Start of exposure Description: Periods removed from exposure Dates of previous inspections Substrate Coating type Others (e.g surface treatment) Not for Resale `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 12 Date of inspection Colour Accumulative time of exposure Other observations Exposure site Signature(s) Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Table — Typical table of results – Panel (5° panel) – Summary of measurements and evaluations in accordance with EN 13523-21 Property/area inspected Edges Measured values/Results of inspection Filiform corrosion Size average maximum Percentage Delamination mm Percentage affected Blistering Size Number affected side top bottom overlap Overall surface Cracking length in millimetres (mm) from 1T Flaking EN ISO 4628-5 Size Lower exposed surface Areas around screws Rusting Percentage affected Colour of the rusting (white or red rust) Percentage affected e.g dirt, mildew, etc Number of spots Blistering EN ISO 4628-2 Size Quantity Not for Resale Bend Other observations Quantity Blistering EN ISO 4628-2 Size Quantity Rusting EN ISO 4628-3 Size Quantity Blistering EN ISO 4628-2 Size Quantity Type of degradation: Size (mm): `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 13 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS EN 13523-21:2010 (E) Table (continued) Property/area inspected Measured values/Results of inspection Area around rivets Reverse side Panel identification No Type of degradation: Degradation: Start of exposure Description: Periods removed from exposure Dates of previous inspections Substrate Coating type Others (e.g surface treatment) Size (mm): Date of inspection Colour Accumulated time of exposure Not for Resale `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 14 Other observations Exposure site Signature(s) BS EN 13523-21:2010 EN 13523-21:2010 (E) [1] EN 1396, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Coil coated sheet and strip for general applications — Specifications [2] EN ISO 4628-1, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General introduction and designation system (ISO 4628-1:2003) [3] EN ISO 4628-6, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 6: Assessment of degree of chalking by tape method (ISO 4628-6:2007) [4] EN ISO 4628-7, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 7: Assessment of degree of chalking by velvet method (ISO 4628-7:2003) [5] EN ISO 4628-8, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination and corrosion around a scribe (ISO 4628-8:2005) [6] EN ISO 4628-10, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 10: Assessment of degree of filiform corrosion (ISO 4628-10:2003) [7] EN 10169-1, Continuously organic coated (coil coated) steel flat products — Part 1: General information (definitions, materials, tolerances, test methods) [8] EN 10169-2, Continuously organic coated (coil coated) steel flat products — Part 2: Products for building exterior applications [9] EN 10169-3, Continuously organic coated (coil coated) steel flat products — Part 3: Products for building interior applications Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale 15 `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Bibliography BS EN 13523-21:2010 BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: orders@bsigroup.com You may also buy directly using a debit/credit card from the BSI Shop on the Website http://www.bsigroup.com/shop In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact Information Centre Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048 Email: info@bsigroup.com Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: membership@bsigroup.com `,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 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