BS EN 13451-11:2014 BSI Standards Publication Swimming pool equipment Part 11: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for moveable pool floors and moveable bulkheads BS EN 13451-11:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13451-11:2014 It supersedes BS EN 13451-11:2004 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/136/8, Swimming pools and aquatic equipment A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 580 79612 ICS 97.220.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM January 2014 ICS 97.220.10 Supersedes EN 13451-11:2004 English Version Swimming pool equipment - Part 11: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for moveable pool floors and moveable bulkheads Équipement de piscine - Partie 11: Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essai complémentaires propres aux fonds de bassins mobiles et cloisons mobiles Schwimmbadgeräte - Teil 11: Zusätzliche besondere sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für höhenverstellbare Zwischenböden und bewegliche Beckenabtrennungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on December 2013 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 13451-11:2014 E BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Contents Page Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions 4 Classification 5 Safety requirements 5.1 Moveable pool floors .5 5.2 Moveable bulkheads Test methods 11 6.1 General 11 6.2 Closure devices for perimetral gap – Flexible closure devices 11 Instructions and information 13 Annex A (normative) Operational instructions for moveable floors 14 Annex B (normative) Operational instructions for moveable bulkheads 15 Bibliography 16 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13451-11:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 13451-11:2004 In relation to EN 13451-11:2004, the following significant changes have been made: a) normative references have been updated; b) requirements for the recessed ledges and steps have been modified; c) safety requirements for the prevention of interference with the circulation system have been added; d) width of the walkable area behind the starting platform has been changed; e) test procedure for rigid closure devices has been modified EN 13451, Swimming pool equipment consists of the following parts: — Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods; — Part 2: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for ladders, stepladders and handle bends; — Part 3: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for inlets and outlets and water/air based water leisure features; — Part 4: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for starting platforms; — Part 5: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for lane lines; — Part 6: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for turning boards; — Part 7: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for water polo goals; — Part 10: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for diving platforms, diving springboards and associated equipment; — Part 11: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for moveable pool floors and moveable bulkheads According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Scope This part of EN 13451 specifies safety requirements for moveable pool floors and moveable bulkheads in addition to the general safety requirements of EN 13451-1 and should be read in conjunction with it The requirements of this part of EN 13451 take priority over those in EN 13451-1 This part of EN 13451 is applicable to manufactured moveable pool floors and moveable bulkheads for use in classified swimming pools as specified in EN 15288-1 and EN 15288-2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 13451-1:2011, Swimming pool equipment - Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods EN 13451-4:2001, Swimming pool equipment - Part 4: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for starting platforms EN 13451-5:2001, Swimming pool equipment - Part 5: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for lane lines EN 13451-10, Swimming pool equipment - Part 10: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for diving platforms, diving springboards and associated equipment EN 60947-5-5, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function (IEC 60947-5-5) EN ISO 12100, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100) EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design (ISO 13850) EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857) Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13451-1:2011 and the following apply 3.1 moveable pool floor adjustable floor designed to change the water depth of the pool 3.2 open side of a moveable pool floor open side of a moveable floor not moving alongside a pool wall 3.3 water depth usable depth measured between water surface and the upper surface of a moveable floor BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) 3.4 moveable bulkhead moveable structure, providing a solid partition to divide a pool into sections 3.5 closure device flexible device used to close gaps between the moveable floor/bulkhead and pool wall/floor Note to entry: For example, flexible lips, rubber gaskets, etc can be used Classification For the classification see Table Table — Classification Moveable pool floors Moveable bulkheads Type Moveable floors bearing live loads by buoyancy only Moveable bulkheads bearing live loads by buoyancy only Type Moveable floors bearing live loads by drive systems supported by the pool structure Moveable bulkheads supported by the pool structure Safety requirements 5.1 Moveable pool floors 5.1.1 General Moveable pool floors which fall under Directive 2006/42/EC [1] on Safety of Machinery shall also comply with EN ISO 12100, EN ISO 13850 and EN ISO 13857 NOTE It may be necessary to tighten the construction tolerances of the structure and finishes within the basin in order to meet the tolerances set out within this European Standard The gradient of a moveable floor in water depth ≤ 350 mm shall be ≤ 6,6 % The moveable pool floor design shall ensure the effectiveness of the water treatment system In presence of a moveable pool floor, the pool water treatment system should be specifically designed considering possible changes in designation (e.g a swimmers pool used as non-swimmers pool) A dye test to check the correct water distribution of the complete installation, with the moveable floor in the lowest working position, is advisable As moveable floor influences the water distribution the result of the dye test has to be evaluated in a different way (see EN 15288-2:2008, Annex A) Moveable floors shall allow inspection, cleaning and maintenance of the area underneath 5.1.2 Structural integrity The structural integrity of moveable floors shall be verified using the following independently assessed criteria: — a vertical area load of 600 N/m , evenly applied; — a concentrated vertical area load of 000 N/m over a square area of m at any point; 2 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) — a concentrated vertical area load of 000 N/m over an area of m × m focussed in front of the means of exit or similar areas NOTE The above values are valid only for use in swimming and associated activities Different kind of uses (e.g as a stage, a dancing floor, etc.) may require the use of different loads 5.1.3 Inadvertent movements Movements of a moveable floor different from those foreseen by design shall be prevented The risks coming from small foreseeable movements (partial submersion or flexion caused by vertical area load, and so on) during use and maintenance in water shall be prevented NOTE 5.1.4 The requirement can be complied with e.g by design, securing systems, etc Prevention of entrapment Gaps on the surface of a moveable floor shall be ≤ mm in one direction The gap between the rigid part of a moveable floor and the pool shall be ≤ 50 mm in one direction When the gap is greater than mm a closure device shall be used The design of a closure device shall involve that if a finger or toe can pass between the flexible closure device and the swimming pool walls, it shall also be possible to pull back the finger or toe The movement of the rigid part of the moveable floor or moveable bulkhead is to be limited to avoid entrapment of a finger or toe To achieve this, the design shall be as follows: — The closure device shall have a shape which will not cut, entrap or injure (e.g round shaped profiles) — The horizontal movement of the moveable floor or moveable bulkhead when positioned in the operating mode shall be limited to 50 % of the flexibility of the closure device In the case of recessed ladders, the moveable floor's working positions should abut against the vertical surface of the recessed ledges/steps in order to avoid entrapment These closure devices shall pass the test defined in 6.2 5.1.5 Slip resistance When the water depth is ≤ 350 mm the slip resistance of the walkable area of a moveable floor shall comply with rating group 18° according to EN 13451-1:2011, Table 5.1.6 Prevention of falling off When a moveable floor has an open end, the hazards connected with falling off this end shall be prevented — by the use of a moveable bulkhead, located at least at the water surface, to enclose the area of the moveable floor (preferred); — by the use of a highly visible floating line, conforming to EN 13451-5, installed over the moveable floor surface, m in front of the floor open end Furthermore, the area 100 mm wide from the open end of the moveable floor edge shall be distinguishable by a contrasting colour BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) NOTE It could be advisable to increase the antiskid characteristics of the area m wide from the moveable floor edge, or to change the floor finishing in the same area (e.g tactile warning) If a moveable bulkhead is used to separate the area of a moveable floor, a suitable interlocking system shall be installed to ensure that both components are set in their proper positions before it is open to use 5.1.7 Prevention of swimming underneath When a moveable floor has an open end, there shall be no access for the users to the area underneath, by the use of: — a moveable bulkhead positioned at the open side of the moveable floor, or — a self-acting tamper proof protection to physically prevent access to the area between the pool bottom and the moveable floor in all working positions of the moveable floor When a moveable floor is equipped with a self-acting tamper proof protection and the adjacent pool wall has a recessed safety ledge: — the recessed safety ledge should be closed at every position where the closing protection crosses the safety ledge to avoid entrapment risks; — at the positions where the safety ledge is closed the pool edge should have a finger hold or handrail, according to EN 15288-1:2008+A1:2010, 5.6.2.1 and 5.6.2.2; — at the positions where the safety ledge is closed a different coloured marking of the pool edge could be considered; — in the area of movement/intersection of the tamper proof protection there shall be no safety step 5.1.8 Prevention of hazards coming from movement The speed of a moveable floor shall be ≤ 500 mm/min A visual warning to prevent the use of the pool shall be given during the movement of the floor, and as long as the moveable floor is not locked in its working position NOTE Under certain circumstances, additional signals (e.g audible signals) can be given Users shall be allowed in the pool only when the moveable floor is in its working position, ready for use When the area of the moveable floor is enclosed by a moveable bulkhead in its working position, the above requirements apply only to the section where the moveable floor is installed The lifting of users with disabilities, also sitting in wheelchairs, is allowed under competent supervision During floor movement, at least the area 500 mm wide from the pool wall shall be clear The instructions of the manufacturer/importer/supplier shall be followed (see Annex A) 5.1.9 Prevention of hazards coming from water depth The actual water depth in the area of the moveable floor shall be automatically and obviously displayed to the users approaching the moveable floor and standing on it Water depth shall be displayed during pool operation If the floor can be tilted, it shall be fitted with displays, showing at least the lower and the higher water depth BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) In larger installations, particular consideration should be given to the installation of intermediate water depth displays 5.1.10 Prevention of hazards coming from diving The use of starting platforms in the area of a moveable floor shall be prevented when the water depth is not suitable (see EN 13451-4) When a moveable floor is installed into a diving pool, and the minimum water depth for diving stated in EN 13451-10 is not provided, the use of the diving facilities shall be compulsorily prevented and a sign “do not dive” shall be on 5.1.11 Prevention of hazards coming from interference with other pieces of equipment When other features are installed in a pool, which could interfere with a moveable floor (e.g moveable bulkhead, disabled user hoist, etc.) a suitable interlocking system shall be provided, to avoid collisions and accidents 5.1.12 Prevention of interference with the circulation system If the pool has a moveable floor the circulation system shall be designed to cope with every configuration It is important to ensure that water is distributed above and below moveable floors in all operating positions This may necessitate incorporating inlets at different levels Water removal should be via both the surface water system and outlets in the base of the pool (where the floor is located) The moveable floor should incorporate apertures to allow water to pass through, maintain the distribution within the structure and avoid pollution build-up in the dead spots created by ropes and pulleys This is why periodic cleaning is important 5.2 5.2.1 Moveable bulkheads General Moveable bulkheads which fall under Directive 2006/42/EC [1] on Safety of Machinery shall also comply with EN ISO 12100, EN ISO 13850 and EN ISO 13857 NOTE It may be necessary to tighten the construction tolerances of the structure and finishes within the pool basin in order to meet the tolerances set out within this European Standard Moveable bulkheads shall be fixed in their working position(s) by a tamper proof system The top walkable surface shall be horizontal An inclination ≤ % is allowed for water drainage purposes The moveable bulkhead design shall ensure the effectiveness of the water treatment system 5.2.2 Dimensions The dimensions indicated in Figure shall be complied with The design of the equipment does not need to comply with the examples given The width of the walkable area of a moveable bulkhead shall be ≥ 000 mm If starting platforms are installed, the width of the walkable area behind the starting platform shall be > 600 mm NOTE Dimensional requirements for competitive use, see the swimming governing body FINA (International Swimming Federation) BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) 5.2.3 5.2.3.1 Structural integrity Vertical load Vertical area load shall be 000 N/m 5.2.3.2 Horizontal load from users turning Horizontal area load, to cover the action of the users turning, shall be calculated as follows: 000 N per lane shall be uniformly applied in the area corresponding to the actual lane width x the height from +300 mm down to −800 mm from water level (see Figure 1) Dimensions in millimetres Key lane rope anchor area of application load 000 N × lane uniformly applied water level b actual lane width Figure — Horizontal area loads 5.2.3.3 Loads caused by users starting from platforms When starting platforms are installed, the loads caused by the users shall be in accordance with EN 13451-4:2001, 4.2 5.2.3.4 Horizontal loads caused by lane lines The anchoring points shall withstand 8,7 kN each, see EN 13451-5:2001, 4.4 5.2.4 Inadvertent movements Movements of a moveable bulkhead different from those foreseen by design shall be prevented The risks coming from small foreseeable movements (partial submersion or flexion caused by vertical area load, and so on) during use and maintenance in water shall be prevented NOTE The requirement can be complied with e.g by design, by securing systems, etc BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) 5.2.5 Prevention of entrapment Gaps on the surface of a moveable bulkhead shall be ≤ mm in one direction The gap between the rigid part of a moveable bulkhead and the pool shall be ≤ 50 mm in one direction When the gap is greater than mm, devices, designed to close the variations of the width shall be used EXAMPLE Flexible lips, rubber gaskets, etc can be used These closure devices shall pass the test defined in 6.2 In case of pools with sloping floor, a self-acting tamper proof protection against swimming underneath, closing the area between the pool bottom and the moveable bulkhead, should be used 5.2.6 Slip resistance The surface of the walkable area of a moveable bulkhead shall comply with the requirements of rating group 18° according to EN 13451-1:2011, Table 5.2.7 5.2.7.1 Prevention of hazards coming from movement General Users shall be allowed in the pool only when the moveable bulkhead is in its working position, ready for operation 5.2.7.2 Powered positioning The transfer speed of moveable bulkheads Type and Type moving vertically shall be ≤ 500 mm/min The transfer speed of moveable bulkheads Type moving horizontally shall be ≤ 000 mm/min 5.2.7.3 Hand positioning The instructions of the manufacturer/importer/supplier shall be followed, see Annex B 5.2.8 Prevention of hazards coming from rails For Type horizontally moving bulkheads, rails causing a potential hazard shall be enclosed prior to admitting the users to the pool deck 5.2.9 Prevention of hazards coming from interference with other pieces of equipment When other features, possibly interfering with a moveable bulkhead, are installed, a suitable design or interlocking system shall be provided to avoid any collisions and accidents 5.2.10 Prevention of interference with the circulation system If the pool has a moveable bulkhead, the circulation system shall be designed to cope with every configuration It is important to ensure that water is distributed above and below the moveable bulkhead in all operating positions This may necessitate incorporating inlets at different levels Water removal should be via both the surface water system and outlets in the base of the pool (where the moveable bulkhead is located) The moveable bulkhead should incorporate apertures to allow water to pass through, maintain the distribution within the structure and avoid pollution build-up in the dead spots created by ropes and pulleys This is why periodic cleaning is important 10 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Moveable bulkheads shall incorporate apertures sufficient to maintain the circulation system in all operating positions Where a submerged moveable bulkhead is housed in a deep channel in the base of the pool, water should either be extracted from or supplied to the base of the channel, to maintain good distribution Test methods 6.1 General Unless otherwise specified, the requirements of Clause shall be verified by the most appropriate method: measurement, visual examination or practical tests 6.2 Closure devices for perimetral gap – Flexible closure devices 6.2.1 General The design of a closure device shall involve that if a finger or toe can pass between the flexible closure and the swimming pool walls, it shall also be possible to pull back the finger or toe The movement of the rigid part of the moveable floor or moveable bulkhead is to be limited to avoid entrapment of a finger or toe To achieve this, the design shall be as follows — The closure device shall have a shape which will not cut, entrap or injure (e.g round shaped profiles) — The opening between the rigid part of the moveable floor or moveable bulkhead shall be < 50 mm in one direction — The horizontal movement of the moveable floor or moveable bulkhead when positioned in the operating mode shall be limited to 50 % of the flexibility of the closure device 6.2.2 Test procedure The flexible closure device will be acceptable when it passes the described test a) or b): a) b) Apply a test probe of mm (as described in EN 13451-1) onto the flexible closure device in the most unfavourable position, with an insertion force of 50 N If the rod will not pass through, rotate the probe in different positions Also, repeat the test in different points at a distance of m from each other, with a minimum of test per side 1) Compliance: The test probe will not pass between the flexible closure device and the pool wall 2) Failure: The mm test probe will pass through the flexible closure device and the pool wall Apply test probe of mm (as described in EN 13451-1) onto the flexible closure device in the most unfavourable position and measure the force to penetrate the opening between the closure device and the pool wall When the probe is penetrated, measure the force to pull back the test probe Also, repeat the test in different point at a distance of m from each other, with a minimum of test per side 1) Compliance: The force to pull back the test probe is equal (within % tolerance) or lower than the force to penetrate the test probe 2) Failure: The force to pull back the test probe is higher (within % tolerance) than the force to penetrate the test probe 11 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Figure — Perimeter opening covered with rigid cover strip Opening shall be smaller than mm (see Figure 2) Figure — Perimeter opening closed with a flexible strip Perimeter opening closed with a flexible strip, this type is to be avoided while the force to pull back is higher than the insertion force (see Figure 3) 12 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Figure — Perimeter opening closed with a round shaped flexible profile Perimeter opening closed with a flexible round shaped profile, when penetrated it is easy to pull back (see Figure 4) Instructions and information Instructions and information for moveable floors and moveable bulkheads of Type shall include: — frequency of inspection; — maximum life of the wire ropes, if used 13 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Annex A (normative) Operational instructions for moveable floors A.1 Instruction for operation The moveable floors shall be operated only by competent and trained staff During moveable floor operation, the operator at the controls shall have full view of the pool and of the immediate surrounding areas The controls shall require the continuous action of the operator during the movement stage (dead man button) An emergency switch according to EN 60947-5-5 shall be installed in such a way that it can be reached directly by the operator during the move of the moveable floor and the moveable bulkhead NOTE Attention is drawn to the requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC [1] A.2 Maintenance A.2.1 Maintenance works During maintenance works performed in the area underneath the moveable floor: — the operation of the floor itself shall be prevented by tamper proof systems; — the floor shall be secured against inadvertent movements When applicable, the regulations for underwater working shall be complied with At least one survival area or one escape opening shall be provided in case the securing system fails When the pool is fitted with a perimetral corridor, it is advisable to install an underwater window to allow visual control of the area underneath the moveable floor A.2.2 Dry situation Where the manufacturer requires a specific supporting system to support a moveable floor in case the pool is empty: — it shall always be used in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions; — if the system is designed to bear only the dead load of the moveable floor, access to its surface shall always be prevented 14 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Annex B (normative) Operational instructions for moveable bulkheads B.1 Instruction for operation The moveable bulkhead shall be operated only by competent and trained staff During moveable bulkhead operation, the operator at the controls shall have full view of the pool and of the immediate surrounding areas In case of powered moveable bulkheads, the controls shall require the continuous action of the operator during the movement stage (dead man button) NOTE Attention is drawn to the requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC [1] B.2 Maintenance B.2.1 Opening for maintenance On the top surface of hollow moveable bulkheads there shall be an opening 600 mm × 600 mm, suitably locked during moveable bulkhead operation, to allow inspection and maintenance of the internal area B.2.2 Maintenance works During maintenance works performed in the area inside and around a moveable bulkhead, the movement of the moveable bulkhead itself shall be prevented by tamper proof systems When applicable, the regulations for underwater working shall be complied with B.2.3 Dry situation Where the manufacturer requires a specific supporting system to support a moveable bulkhead in case the pool is empty: — it shall always be used in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions; — if the system is designed to bear only the dead load of the moveable bulkhead, access to its surface shall always be prevented 15 BS EN 13451-11:2014 EN 13451-11:2014 (E) Bibliography [1] Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, http://eurand amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast), OJ L 157, 9.6.2006, p 24–86, available from: lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:157:0024:0086:EN:PDF [2] EN 15288-1:2008+A1:2010, Swimming pools - Part 1: Safety requirements for design [3] EN 15288-2:2008, Swimming pools - Part 2: Safety requirements for operation 16 This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information 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