Bsi bs en 13145 2001 + a1 2011

Unknown BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13145 2001 Railway applications — Track — Wood sleepers and bearers ICS 79 040; 93 100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW +A1 2011 Na[.]

BRITISH STANDARD Railway applications — Track — Wood sleepers and bearers ICS 79.040; 93.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 13145:2001 +A1:2011 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 It supersedes BS EN 13145:2001, which is withdrawn The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !" The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 2001 © BSI 2011 ISBN 978 580 74552 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 November 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2011 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13145:2001+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2011 ICS 79.040; 93.100 Supersedes EN 13145:2001 English Version Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en bois Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz This European Standard was approved by CEN on December 2000 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on September 2011 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 13145:2001+A1:2011: E BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 Scope 4 Normative references 4 Terms and definitions 4 Species 9 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.2 5.3 Forms, dimensions and tolerances .9 Forms 9 Sleepers 9 Bearers 10 Dimensions 10 Tolerances 10 6.1 6.2 Defects and quality features 11 Raw materials 11 Untreated sleepers and bearers 11 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 Durability and preservation 14 Durability 14 Preservation 15 Sleepers and bearers 15 Wood preservative 15 Penetration 15 Retention 15 Factory production control 16 Marking 16 Annex A (informative) Most commonly used dimensions for sleepers and bearers 17 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC" 19 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13145:2001+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012 !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document." This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-06 This document supersedes EN 13145:2001 The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Scope This European Standard defines wood species, quality requirements, origin, manufacturing conditions, forms, dimensions and tolerances as well as the durability and preservation of wood sleepers and bearers for use in railway tracks It does not cover specific finishing processes that may be required by the customer It does not apply to other track timbers Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments) EN 252 Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground contact EN 335-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Definition of hazard classes of biological attack - Part 1: General EN 350-2 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe EN 351-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Preservative-treated solid wood - Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 599-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Performance of wood preservatives as determined by biological tests - Part 1: Specification according to hazard class EN 844-3:1995 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber EN 844-7:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 7: Terms relating to the anatomical structure of timber EN 844-9:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-10:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack EN 844-11:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 11: Terms relating to degrade by insects Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 wood sleeper wood beam which supports running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails at right angles to its axis Usually the beam supports two running rails to form one track 3.2 wood bearer wood beam, similar to a sleeper but generally longer, used to support running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails, crossings and operating mechanisms in switches and crossings BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 3.3 heartwood inner zone of wood that, in the growing tree, has ceased to contain living cells or to conduct sap [EN 844-7:1997] 3.4 sapwood outer zone of wood that, in the growing tree, contains living cells and conducts sap [EN 844-7:1997] 3.5 included sapwood presence in the heartwood of a complete or incomplete ring having the colour and the properties of sapwood [EN 844-9:1997] 3.6 red heart in beech red or brown stain affecting the central portion of beech wood, sharply defined [EN 844-10:1998] 3.7 grey, purple heart grey or purple discoloration of the heartwood due to fungal attack 3.8 grain general direction or arrangement of fibres [EN 844-7:1997] 3.9 edge grain timber converted so that the growth rings meet the upper face of the sleeper or bearer at an angle greater than 45° when measured at the centre of the upper face (see figure 1) a c b Figure - Edge grain The line a-b is a tangent to the growth ring where it meets the upper face of the sleeper or bearer The angle is measured at c 3.10 annual ring growth ring corresponding to an annual period of growth [EN 844-7:1997] 3.11 wane original rounded surface of a log, with or without bark, on any face or edge of sawn timber (see figure 2) [EN 844-3:1995] BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Figure - Wane 3.12 chairing area for sleepers, the chairing area is the area on the upper surface covering a length of 250 mm on both sides of the centre of each rail to be mounted For bearers, the chairing area covers the whole length with the exception of 250 mm at each end 3.13 rot decomposition of wood by fungi or other micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and strength, and often a change of texture and colour [EN 844-10:1998] 3.14 knot portion of a branch embedded in the wood [EN 844-9:1997] 3.15 sound knot knot showing no indication of rot [EN 844-9:1997] 3.16 intergrown knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for more than 3/4 of its crosssectional perimeter [EN 844-9:1997] 3.17 dead knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for less than 1/4 of its cross sectional perimeter [EN 844-9:1997] 3.18 loose knot dead knot that is not held firmly in place [EN 844-9:1997] 3.19 unsound knot knot affected by rot [EN 844-9:1997] 3.20 indent recess caused by mechanical removal of an unsound knot down to the sound part of the timber 3.21 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood [EN 844-9:1997] BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 3.22 fissure longitudinal separation of fibres [EN 844-9:1997] 3.23 split fissure that extends from one surface to another [EN 844-9:1997] 3.24 frost crack radial fissure caused by frost action on the standing tree that extends from the sapwood to the pith and for a certain distance longitudinally [EN 844-9:1997] NOTE: Frost crack is accompanied by darkening of the adjacent wood and deviation of the annual rings 3.25 check short, narrow and shallow fissure [EN 844-9:1997] NOTE: Caused by drying 3.26 end shake fissure showing on the end surface [EN 844-9:1997] NOTE: For sawn timber, possibly extending to a face or edge 3.27 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith [EN 844-9:1997] 3.28 ring shake fissure following the line of a growth ring [EN 844-9:1997] 3.29 spring lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the edge (see figure 3) [EN 844-3:1995] top view Figure - Spring BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 3.30 bow lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the face (see figure 4) [EN 844-3:1995] side view Figure - Bow 3.31 cup curvature of a piece of timber across the width of the face (see figure 5) [EN 844-3:1995] Figure - Cup 3.32 twist lengthwise spiral distortion of a piece of timber (see figure 6) [EN 844-3:1995] Figure - Twist 3.33 resin pocket lens-shaped cavity in timber containing, or that has contained, a resin [EN 844-9:1997] 3.34 gum vein vein in timber containing, or that has contained, a resinous substance 3.35 bore hole hole or tunnel in timber caused by insects [EN 844-11:1998] 3.36 pith zone within the first growth ring that consists chiefly of soft tissue [EN 844-7:1997] 3.37 creosote oil distilled from coal tar 3.38 tropical hardwood hardwood grown in the tropics and all other southern hemisphere forests BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Species The requirements of this European Standard relate to the following recommended wood species (see table 1) Table - List of wood species Botanical name Common name (for guidance only) European hardwoods European oak Quercus robur Quercus petraea Quercus pubescens Fagus sylvatica Beech European softwoods Pinus sylvestris Scots pine Pinus pinaster (Pinus maritima) Maritime pine Pinus pinea Stone pine Pinus nigra Corsican/Austrian pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Larix Sp 1) Larch Tropical hardwoods Lophira alata Azobé, Ekki, Bongossi Shorea laevis, Shorea sp div 1) Dicorynia guianensis Basralocus Eucalyptus marginata Jarrah Eucalyptus diversicolor Karri Ocotea family Greenheart rodiaei, Lauraceae Mora Excelsa 1) Bangkirai, Selangan Batu, Balau kumus Mora Different species of a kind Forms, dimensions and tolerances 5.1 5.1.1 Forms Sleepers Sleepers shall have a nominally rectangular cross section in one of the forms as shown in figure The customer shall specify which form he accepts BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) d d e e r l Form E1 r l Form E2 Figure - Forms for sleepers 5.1.2 Bearers Bearers shall have a nominally rectangular cross section in the form as shown in figure d e r l Figure - Form for bearers 5.2 Dimensions When ordering, the customer shall define dimensions l, e and d (see figures and 8) effectively needed, as well as the length These dimensions shall apply to sleepers and bearers ready for use or preservative treatment NOTE: A list of the dimensions most commonly used can be found in informative annex A 5.3 Tolerances The following tolerances shall apply to all sleepers and bearers ready for use and/or preservative treatment: - length: + 30 mm; - width: + 10 mm/-3 mm; - height: + 10 mm/- mm; - rectangular cross section 90°: max deviation 3° NOTE: The length tolerance is conditional on both ends being cross cut at right angles to the length of the sleeper or bearer Any deviating tolerances for sleepers or bearers which are to be installed on special, well established conditions, shall be defined by the customer 10 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 6.1 Defects and quality features Raw materials All sleepers and bearers shall be produced from freshly felled trees Logs from windfall, snow or ice-breaks, hit by lightning or affected by fire shall be excluded When sawn, the sleepers and bearers shall be clean, without earth, mud, ice, sawdust or any foreign matter The logs for the production of beech sleepers and bearers shall be felled outside the regional growing season 6.2 Untreated sleepers and bearers A period of seasoning (drying) depending on species, is normally required prior to use or processing Defects and quality features as listed in table shall be measured/assessed after seasoning but before use or preservative treatment Table - Defects and quality features Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible sapwood Tropical hardwoods permitted, when sound, with a maximum of 50 % of the nominal width except in the chairing area of sleepers or 25 % of the nominal width of the whole length of the upper surface of bearers European hardwoods permitted, when sound European softwoods permitted, when sound If the pith is not present sapwood shall be permitted up to the following percentages of the cross-sectional area at either end: - included sapwood all Pseudotsuga menziesii: 25 % Pinus sylvestris: 75 % Pinus pinaster: 75 % Pinus nigra: 75 % not permitted continued 11 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Table - Defects and quality features (continued) Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible red heart beech shall be dense and free from defects and fungi attack and in line with figure Dimensions in millimetres 50 ≥40 max 70 max 150 max 80 max 100 Figure - Maximum accepted dimensions for red beech heart grey and purple heart all not permitted grain all shall be straight Maximum permissible deviation from the longitudinal axis in 10 when measured over a length of 600 mm annual rings softwoods shall not be less than per 25 mm wane all acceptable limits governed by the form (see 5.1) rot all not permitted sound knot European softwoods Tropical hardwoods permitted when intergrown with a diameter not exceeding 25 % of the width of the face on which it appears in sleepers and bearers but not in the chairing area of sleepers European hardwoods permitted, when intergrown all permitted outside the chairing area of sleepers and bearers with a maximum diameter of 20 % of the width of the face on which it appears Drainage of water shall be ensured unsound knot all not permitted in excess of 10 mm diameter indent European hardwoods permitted if the cross section of the sleepers is not reduced by more than 1/15th; drainage shall be ensured dead knot loose knot not permitted in the chairing area and in the area located vertically underneath continued 12 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Table - Defects and quality features (continued) Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible bark pocket all permitted in bearers and outside the chairing area of sleepers on one face only and limited to 150 mm in length splits European hardwoods permitted within 250 mm of the ends European softwoods permitted within 75 mm of the ends Tropical hardwoods permitted within 200 mm of the ends NOTE: On request of the customer, the ends shall be secured with an approved system frost cracks all not permitted check all permitted heart shake all permitted if they not reach the upper surface of the wood ring shake all only permitted on one end when the diameter of the annual ring in which it occurs does not exceed 50 mm spring Tropical hardwoods max mm for sleepers max mm/m for bearers European hardwoods max % of the length for sleepers max % of the length for bearers European softwoods max 0,5 % of the length for sleepers and bearers NOTE: Upon request of the customer, these maxima may be reduced (relaxed) by maximum 50 % bow all permitted provided that all chairing areas are co-planar but limited to: - max 0,6 % of the total length for sleepers - max 0,2 % of the total length for bearers NOTE 1: Planing of the chairing area shall be permitted to fulfil the preceding requirements NOTE 2: Upon request of the customer, these maxima may be reduced (relaxed) by maximum 50 % cup all not permitted twist all max 0,4 % of the total length for sleepers and bearers continued 13 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Table - Defects and quality features (concluded) Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible resin pocket all up to 150 mm long x 12 mm wide measured radially, but on sleepers and bearers not to be in the chairing area tight gum vein all aggregate length on any face not exceeding one-half of the length of the piece loose gum vein all not extending from face to face, width not exceeding mm, and length not exceeding one-half of the length of the piece bore hole all permitted when the mechanical properties of the sleeper or bearer are not affected The requirements listed in table are not normative but may be explicitly specified by the customer: Table - Additional defects and quality features Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible pith softwoods limited to 25 mm from the lower face and 65 mm from the edges at one end and limited to 65 mm from the lower face and 65 mm from the edges at the other end tropical hardwoods not permitted edge grain European softwoods not permitted tropical hardwoods 7.1 Durability and preservation Durability Wood for sleepers and bearers shall have a natural or conferred durability allowing its use in hazard class as defined in EN 335-1 Wood with a natural durability of class or according to EN 350-2 has natural durability for use in hazard class Wood with a natural durability of class 3, or or containing non-durable sapwood shall be treated to achieve a conferred durability which allows its use in hazard class The longevity of class species may be increased by treatment 14 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 7.2 7.2.1 Preservation Sleepers and bearers If a preservative treatment is necessary the sleepers and bearers shall be free from features which would prevent a proper application of preservative and thus impair the function of the preservative-treated sleepers and bearers in service All dressing, notching, pre-cutting, planing and boring shall be completed before preservative treatment Prior to planing, boring or preservative treatment the moisture content of the sleeper and bearer shall be at a level appropriate to the wood preservative and method of treatment used NOTE: To enable good preservative penetration, resistant wood species may need to be incised before impregnation The customer may specify the moisture content of the wood before impregnation If the sleepers and bearers need to be drilled or machined after the preservative treatment, as for example for turnouts and turnout junction rails suitable protective treatment shall be applied Deviations from the procedures described above shall be agreed between customer and supplier 7.2.2 Wood preservative The wood preservative used shall be creosote or shall conform to the performance requirements of hazard class preservatives as defined in EN 599-1 The determination of compliance with the performance requirements of EN 599-1 shall include data from the field test according to EN 252 and any of the additional local tests given in EN 599-1 deemed necessary The customer shall specify the type of preservative to be used 7.2.3 Penetration Following completion of the treatment, treated sleepers and bearers shall meet the requirements of penetration class (P8: full sapwood penetration) of EN 351-1 7.2.4 Retention Following completion of the preservation process, the minimum retention requirement for treated sleepers and bearers shall be equal to the critical value for hazard class of the preservative used (see EN 599-1) This critical value shall be calculated from the prescribed biological tests defined in EN 599-1 including the field test according to EN 252 Multiples greater than one may be applied to the critical value to give increased servicelife When creosote oil is specified the customer may indicate the retention requirements 15 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Factory production control In order to ensure consistent quality of sleepers and bearers and of the preservative treatment, a factory production control system shall be operated according to EN 351-1 Such a system shall include the option of including direct or indirect testing methods Where direct testing methods are used to assess the quality of preservative treatment, such methods shall be carried out on every charge of sleepers and bearers Where a consistent relationship has been established between both the penetration and retention requirements given in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4 and other properties associated with the treated sleepers and bearers (e.g specific quantifiable parameters of the treatment process) the latter may be used to determine the quality of preservative treatment on a charge basis NOTE: A customer inspection of the sleepers or bearers may be performed at any time Marking Every sleeper and bearer for which compliance with this standard is claimed shall bear an identification mark of the producer Every delivery of sleepers and bearers for which compliance with this standard is claimed shall be accompanied by documentation to give at least the following information: - a reference to this European Standard; - wood species; - dimensions If treated: - 16 the treatment plant; name of preservative; P8; retention; charge no; year of preservation BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Annex A (informative) Most commonly used dimensions for sleepers and bearers The dimensions given in tables A.1 and A.2 relate to the forms as given in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 Table A.1 - Dimensions of sleepers Dimensions in millimetres Group l d 1) e Form E1 1) r 1) Form E2 Form E1 + E2 260 160 160 200 80 260 150 160 200 80 260 130 130 170 60 240 150 160 180 70 240 160 160 180 80 240 140 160 180 70 240 130 130 170 60 220 130 130 160 50 250 125 205 230 100 10 305 125 255 280 100 11 305 150 255 280 125 12 250 130 200 225 105 13 300 130 250 275 105 14 200 120 110 140 40 minimum dimensions The values given under d for forms E1 and E2 are critical for the chairing area and for areas where a conductor rail may be mounted 17 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) Table A.2 - Dimensions of bearers Dimensions in millimetres 1) 18 Group l e d 1) r 1) 300 150 240 120 280 140 220 120 260 160 200 100 260 150 210 120 240 150 200 90 240 160 160 80 240 140 200 80 300 130 200 80 minimum dimensions