BS EN 13036-4:2011 Incorporating corrigendum March 2013 BS EN 13036-4:2011 BSI Standards Publication Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface: The pendulum test BS EN 13036-4:2011 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13036-4:2011 It supersedes BS EN 13036-4:2003 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/510/5, Surface characteristics A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 580 81260 ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10; 93.120 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2011 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected 31 March 2013 Correction to supersession details in national foreword BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2011 ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10; 93.120 Supersedes EN 13036-4:2003 English Version Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface: The pendulum test Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aérodromes Méthode d'essai - Partie 4: Méthode d'essai pour mesurer l'adhérence d'une surface: L'essai au pendule Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen Prüfverfahren - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Messung der Griffigkeit von Oberflächen: Der Pendeltest This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 July 2011 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 13036-4:2011: E BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Contents Page Foreword Scope Normative references 4 Terms and definitions 4 Safety Principle Test equipment Calibration 12 Additional items required for testing 12 9.1 9.2 Test measurements 12 Measurements in the field 12 Measurements in the laboratory 13 10 Field sampling 13 11 Test procedure 13 12 Calculations 15 13 Precision 16 14 Test report 17 Annex A.1 A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.3 A.2 A.2.1 A.2.2 A.2.3 A.3 A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.3.6 A.3.7 A.3.8 A.3.9 A (normative) Validation and Calibration of the pendulum friction tester 18 Validation of the performance of the Pendulum Tester 18 General 18 Procedure 18 Checking for error 19 Preparation of a new slider 19 General 19 Preparation of a new slider 20 Re-preparation of a used slider 20 Calibration of the pendulum friction tester 20 General 20 Pre-calibration verification 20 Checking/setting the centre of gravity of the pendulum arm and slider assembly 21 Distance of centre of gravity to centre of rotation 22 Checking/setting the effective spring tension 22 Checking/setting the slider force/deflection characteristics 24 Checking/setting the levelness of the frame 27 Final calibration 28 Calibration report and marking (external calibration) 28 Annex B (informative) Details of scales 29 Annex C (informative) Typical test report 31 Bibliography 32 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13036-4:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2012 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 13036-4:2003 This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 13036-1, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique CEN/TS 13036-2, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 2: Assessment of the skid resistance of a road pavement surface by the use of dynamic measuring systems EN 13036-3, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 3: Measurement of pavement surface horizontal drainability EN 13036-4, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface — The pendulum test prEN 13036-5, Road longitudinal evenness — Definition (and calculation methods) of the longitudinal evenness indices EN 13036-6, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 6: Measurement of transverse and longitudinal profiles in the evenness and megatexture wavelength ranges EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses: the straightedge test EN 13036-8, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 8: Determination of transverse unevenness indices According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Scope This European Standard describes a method for determining the slip/skid resistance of a surface using a device which remains stationary at the test location The slip/skid resistance is measured by means of a slider mounted at the end of a pendulum arm The method provides a measure of the slip/skid resistance properties of a surface either in the field or in the laboratory This method measures the slip/skid resistance of a small area of a surface (approximately 0,01 m2) This should be considered when deciding its applicability to a surface which may have non-homogeneous surface characteristics, e.g containing ridges or grooves, or is rough textured (exceeding 1,2 mm mean texture depth) NOTE As the results from this test are taken at one small location, the results cannot be compared with results from devices e.g mobile devices, that measure the slip/skid resistance over a long length of a surface Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 1097-8, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates — Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) ISO 4662, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of rebound resilience ISO 7619-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of indentation hardness — Part 1: Durometer method (Shore hardness) ISO 7619-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of indentation hardness — Part 2: IRHD pocket meter method Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 slip/skid resistance property of the trafficked surface which limits the relative movement between the contact patch of pedestrian footwear or a vehicle tyre and the surface NOTE Loss of slip/skid resistance leads to loss of control by the pedestrian/driver with consequent increase in the risk of falling/ crashes NOTE There are numerous factors which contribute to skid resistance, including the tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern and rubber composition of the tyre or sole; the alignment, texture and frictional characteristics of the surface; the vehicle speed; the weather conditions, i.e wet/dry and presence of surface contamination NOTE Slip/ Skid resistance is not a constant but varies with climate and traffic and the effect of these on the characteristics of the surface material itself BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 3.2 friction resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact The frictional force is the force acting tangentially in the contact area 3.3 Pendulum Test Value (PTV) loss of energy as the standard rubber coated slider assembly slides across the test surface and provides a standardised value of skid resistance 3.4 test procedure to determine the Pendulum Test Value at a single location or for a single sample in the laboratory In the field a number of tests will be required to determine the slip/skid resistance of an area Safety When carrying out the test in the field, the equipment and operator will form a stationary obstruction Adequate safety measures shall be in place to maintain a safe working area in accordance with regulations Principle The Pendulum Tester incorporates a spring-loaded slider made of a standard rubber mounted to the end of a pendulum arm Upon releasing the pendulum arm from a horizontal position, the loss of energy as the slider assembly passes over the test surface is measured by the reduction in length of the upswing using a calibrated scale 6.1 Test equipment The pendulum tester shall consist of the essential features given below and as illustrated in Figure BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Key pendulum arm 15 clamp for vertical adjustment mark (in the centre of rotation) 16 spirit level release mechanism (knob) 17 gauge (see Figure 2) frame 18 pendulum foot rear support foot 19 friction ring (including locking ring) screw for rear support foot 20 pointer spacer of rough adjustment of the sliding length 21 pointer counterbalance (optional) 22 unit scale levelling screw 23 unit scale F bottom plate (hinged, optional) 24 unit scale C 10 slider assembly 25 release catch 11 slider support rod 26 pointer cam (calibration purpose: pointer 12 vertical screw (for vertical adjustment) adjustment screw) 13 slider lifting handle 27 handle 14 pendulum head 28 lock nut Individual testers might have a slightly different configuration or appearance Figure — Pendulum Tester BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) 6.1.1 A spring-loaded slider assembly as specified in 6.3 (wide slider assembly) and 6.4 (narrow slider assembly) It shall be mounted on the end of a pendulum arm so that the sliding edge is (514 ± 6) mm from the axis of rotation 6.1.2 Means for setting the support column of the equipment vertical NOTE The three leveling screws are normally used, together with the bubble sprit level accurate to within 4’ of arc (0,06º) or in 000 however a magnetic 90º engineer’s spirit level with a nominal sensitivity of 62’’ of arc may be used on the vertical central pillar 6.1.3 NOTE 6.1.4 A frame of sufficient mass to ensure the equipment remains stable during the test A mass of the frame of 3,5 kg has been found suitable Means of raising and lowering the axis of suspension of the pendulum arm so that the slider can: swing clear of the surface of the specimen, and be set to traverse a surface over a fixed length of (126 ± 1) mm A gauge with this distance marked is required as shown in Figure NOTE The sliding length may be measured on the surface using tapered gauge 126 Alternatively, gauge 124 of thickness (8 ± 0,2) mm may be used to set the sliding length, which has appropriate marks, aligning the marks with the aluminium backing as shown in Figure BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2a Figure 2b Key a b gauge slider measured sliding length actual sliding length Figure — Sliding length gauges 6.1.5 Means of holding and releasing the pendulum arm so that it falls freely from a horizontal position 6.1.6 A pointer of nominal length 300 mm, balanced about the axis of suspension, indicating the position of the pendulum arm throughout its forward swing and moving over the circular scale (unit scale) The mass of the pointer shall be not more than 85 g 6.1.7 The friction in the pointer mechanism shall be adjustable so that, with the pendulum arm swinging freely from a horizontal position, the outward tip of the pointer may be brought to rest on the forward swing of the arm at a point (10 ± 1) mm below the horizontal This is the reading 6.1.8 A circular scale (unit scale C) as described in Table B.1, calibrated for a nominal sliding length of 126 mm on a flat surface marked from to 150 at intervals of five Tests in this mode of operation give the Pendulum Test Value directly BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) A.2.2 Preparation of a new slider A.2.2.1 A new slider shall be prepared by mounting the slider assembly on the pendulum arm, setting up the pendulum as described in Clause 11 and carrying out 20 swings on plate A (A.2.2.2) in wet conditions followed by 20 swings across plate B (A.2.2.2) in wet conditions A.2.2.2 Slider preparation plates A and B shall comprise a piece of hard, flat, reasonably robust, smoothfaced material such as glass or polished metal, and shall have a surface area dimension of not less than 100 mm × 150 mm as shown in Figure A.1 Plate A shall have P400 abrasive paper fixed to it Plate B shall have verification film fixed to it, both as described in A.1.2 New sheets of paper and film shall be used each time A.2.3 Re-preparation of a used slider A.2.3.1 The working edge of a worn, contaminated or damaged slider shall be re-prepared using a minimum of three swings across plate A in wet conditions so that a clean, uniform and smooth working edge to the slider is obtained This shall be followed by 20 swings across plate B in wet conditions A.2.3.2 The working edge shall be re-prepared when the surface type changes from the one preceding NOTE As a result of the wide range of surface types available, the experience of the operator should be used to decide how frequently re-preparation is necessary Testing smooth, fine textured surfaces may require more repreparation than testing rough/coarse textured surfaces Further information on this aspect is in the course of preparation A.2.3.3 The slider shall not exceed the maximum width of the edge as given in 6.14 A.3 Calibration of the pendulum friction tester A.3.1 General When carrying out the calibration, the pendulum tester shall be operated in accordance with the procedure under wet conditions as specified in Clause 11 In addition to the tests specified in A.3.2 to A.3.4, a further test can be carried out to measure the slider force/deflection characteristics This test is described in A.3.5 This test can be carried out as part of the calibration procedure as it can highlight possible faults with the spring characteristics in operation Any damage or mis-alignment observable should be rectified by the manufacturer and recorded and/or simple repairs may be carried out by the calibration laboratory prior to calibration A.3.2 Pre-calibration verification A.3.2.1 General The purpose of the initial verification is to assess and record the condition of the pendulum tester prior to calibration A.3.2.2 Visual and mechanical check Carry out a visual check of the assembled pendulum tester to determine whether there is any obvious damage that requires repair prior to calibration Swing the pendulum arm to see if there are any obvious mechanical defects A.3.2.3 A.3.2.3.1 20 Performance check Check the PTVs of float glass and verification film as described in Annex A.1 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) A.3.2.3.2 a) to p) Examine the pendulum tester carefully and record any defects found prior to calibration, following The recommended list of items to be checked are as follows: a) there is no damage to frame and tube support; b) levelling screws are easy to operate and when extended by 75 % of their travel not so loose as to cause the pendulum tester to move laterally relative to the surface on which it stands by more than mm in total under a reasonable lateral hand pressure; c) the rear support foot is attached firmly to the frame and when the locking nut is tightened there is no free play between it and the frame; d) the level glass is firmly fitted, undamaged and readable; e) the head raising and lowering mechanism is secure and without significant play; f) the head locking knob/mechanism (vertical screw (for vertical adjustment) and locks the head when normal hand clamp force is applied; g) the release mechanism (knob) operates correctly and the release catch does not rub or snag in the catch; h) the pointer is straight/undamaged and swings with uniform frictional restraint round the full normal movement; i) the friction adjustment device (friction ring incl.) looking ring operates correctly; j) the pendulum arm fits correctly to the bearing assembly and is not damaged; k) the pendulum foot swings in line with the frame, i.e when hanging vertically the front and rear of the pendulum foot are equidistant from the frame; l) the bearing is smooth in operation throughout its normal travel; m) the counterweight on the rear of the foot is complete and secure; n) the slider lifting handle raises and lowers the slider smoothly and freely; with the pendulum arm hanging vertically, raise the slider using the slider lifting handler, manually support the raised slider and release the handle It should drop back down freely under its own weight; o) the plate on the underside of the pendulumfoot is secured with all the required screws; p) the slider support rod is provided with the requisite washers, spring and securing pin and allows the slider backing plate to rotate easily A.3.3 Checking/setting the centre of gravity of the pendulum arm and slider assembly A.3.3.1 Apparatus A.3.3.1.1 Laboratory balance, capable of weighing up to kg to an accuracy of ± g A.3.3.1.2 Knife edge, at least 50 mm in length and set horizontally to an accuracy of in 120 (0,5°) A.3.3.2 Mass of the arm Remove the pendulum arm, complete with slider assembly, from the frame of the apparatus and weigh it using the balance (A.3.3.1.1) Record this value If the mass is not (1,50 ± 0,03) kg, consult the manufacturer 21 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) A.3.3.3 Longitudinal position of the centre of gravity Place the tubular part of the arm across the knife edge (A.3.3.1.2) such that the arm balances Mark the position of the point of balance on the arm (see Figure A.2) NOTE The longitudinal centre line of the arm should be at right angles to the horizontal axis of the knife edge and the lock nut (2) located as far from the foot as possible Key centre of rotation knurled retainer nut counter balance mass pendulum foot knife edge distance (LP)) to centre of gravity Figure A.2 — Pendulum arm, showing the location of the centre of gravity A.3.3.4 Lateral position of the centre of gravity A.3.3.4.1 Place the tubular part of the pendulum arm on, and at right angles to the horizontal knife edge (A.3.3.1.2) NOTE The arm should be free to roll along the knife edge A.3.3.4.2 If there is a tendency for the pendulum foot part of the arm assembly to rotate, adjust the counter balance weight on the rear of the pendulum foot to obtain the correct balance NOTE If correctly balanced, the foot part of the arm assembly lies in a horizontal plane with no tendency to rotate A.3.3.4.3 Fully tighten the counter balance weight assembly A.3.3.4.4 Mark the centre of gravity on the pendulum arm with a pencil or similar marker A.3.4 Distance of centre of gravity to centre of rotation Reassemble the arm onto the frame and measure the distance from the marked point of balance as specified in A.3.3.4.3 to the centre of rotation Record this distance If the measured distance is not (410 ± 5) mm, consult the manufacturer A.3.5 Checking/setting the effective spring tension A.3.5.1 General This procedure enables the spring tension to be adjusted to the configuration of the pendulum arm 22 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) A.3.5.2 Apparatus A.3.5.2.1 Pendulum arm holder: a means to hold the pendulum arm vertical with the foot at the top A.3.5.2.2 Balance capable of measuring up to kg, accurate to ± 0,5 g A.3.5.2.3 Means of applying a vertical force: a hanger attached to the screw containing weights sufficient to apply a force of at least 30 N NOTE This screw doesn’t belong to the pendulum tester it’s a utility which is used for calibration purpose only (see A.3.5.3.1) A.3.5.2.4 A.3.5.3 Ruler or calipers to mark on the backing plate the downward movement of the screw Procedure A.3.5.3.1 Assemble the pendulum vertically in the holder Expose the threaded hole in the slider lifting handle Screw a 6BA screw into the tapped hole in the slider lift handle (see Figure A.3) NOTE For some designs, unscrew the small plate to the side of the slider lifting handle NOTE The 6BA screw contains a non-preferred thread The screw is provided by the manufacturer of the pendulum A.3.5.3.2 Mark a location in pencil or similar marking device on the backing plate (4,5 ± 0,1) mm below the initial location of the screw, to indicate the lower position of the screw after the application of load NOTE Marking the hanger and increase from the lower edge of the screw is easier A.3.5.3.3 Attach weights until the screw moves downward 4,5 mm to indicate the lower position (see Figure A.3) A.3.5.3.4 hanger Note the mass (M) of the weights and hanger in grams (g) to calculate the force FN on the Figure A.3 — Photographs demonstrating the calibration of the spring tension A.3.5.3.5 Calculating the correct spring tension force: Calculate the correct spring tension force Fp using the following equation: 23 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) FP = FN × WP × LP − 2,3 in N W N × LN (A.1) where Fp is the correct vertical compression force, in Newtons (N) at 4,5 mm deflection; FN is the nominal vertical compression force, in Newtons (N) at 4,5 mm deflection; WP is the mass of the pendulum arm as determined in accordance with A.3.4.2 in grams (g); WN is the nominal mass of the pendulum arm (1 500 g); LP is the distance to the centre of gravity as determined in accordance with A.3.4.3, in millimetres (mm); LN is the nominal distance to the centre of gravity (410 mm); 2,3 is the mass, in N, of the slider fitting and lifting handle multiplied by If the force Fp applied, determined from mass M, is not within the range (F ± 0,5) N, undo the clamp at the bearing end of the pendulum arm and rotate the top section relative to the tubular arm until the correct tension is achieved Prior to re-tightening the clamp, ensure that the location hole points to the centre of the toe of the foot Reassemble the arm onto the frame and adjust the foot so that it is parallel to the frame and remains parallel during its swing Fully tighten the clamp screws A.3.6 Checking/setting the slider force/deflection characteristics A.3.6.1 Apparatus A.3.6.1.1 Means of measuring the vertical force on the slider The instrument should be accurate to within 0,1 N and should be able to measure a range of at least 30 N Its stiffness, i.e its deflection under a load of 25 N, should be known or, alternatively, monitored by a dial gauge during the test A.3.6.1.2 Dial gauge or similar device (e.g an Linearly Variable Differential Transformer LVDT, electronic displacement measuring sensor), with a minimum 10 mm full scale deflection and 0,01 mm divisions A.3.6.2 Calculating the correct vertical compression force Calculate the correct vertical compression force Fp, for the specific pendulum, using the following equation: FP = FN × WP × LP WN × LN in N where 24 FP is the correct vertical compression force, in Newtons (N) at 4,5 mm deflection; FN is the nominal vertical compression force, in Newtons (N) at 4,5 mm deflection; WP is the mass of the pendulum arm as determined in accordance with A.3.3.4 in grams (g); (A.2) BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) WN is the nominal mass of the pendulum arm (1 500 g); LP is the distance to the centre of gravity as determined in accordance with A.3.4.3, in millimetres (mm); LN is the nominal distance to the centre of gravity (410 mm) A.3.6.3 Calculations of the force-deflection limits (see Figure A.4) The upper force limit will be described by a graph through points A, B and C A is mm deflection and a compression force of FP + 0,5 N; B is 4,5 mm deflection and a compression force of FP + 0,5 N; C is mm deflection and a compression force of FP + 1,2 N The lower force limit will be described by a graph through points D, E, F and G D is 0,5 mm deflection and a compression force of N; E is 1,5 mm deflection and a compression force of FP – 1,1 N; F is 4,5 mm deflection and a compression force of FP – 0,5 N; G is mm deflection and a compression force of FP – 0,5 N A.3.6.4 Procedure A.3.6.4.1 Set up the pendulum tester fitted with a slider 96 or slider 57 in the normal manner such that the pendulum arm/slider hangs over and just clear of the balance/load cell/force gauge When lowered on to the balance/load cell/force gauge, the slider should be supported over its full width of 76 mm A.3.6.4.2 Set up the dial gauge (A.3.6.1.2) to monitor the anticipated 10 mm, vertically downwards, movement of the pendulum foot A.3.6.4.3 Lower the pendulum arm until the slider working edge just makes contact with the load measuring device and gives a reading of between N and 10 N Record the load and the dial gauge reading A.3.6.4.4 Lower the pendulum arm by four further movements of approximately 0,5 mm followed by a further six movements of 1,0 mm At each stage record the load and dial gauge readings A.3.6.4.5 Raise the pendulum arm, stopping at approximately the same dial gauge readings as in A.3.6.4.4 to record the load and dial gauge readings A.3.6.4.6 Plot the load/deflection curve, assuming that: Lowering the pendulum arm gives a positive deflection; and The true deflection of the first reading taken in A.3.6.4.3, in millimetres (mm), is 0,025 multiplied by the load in Newtons (N) A.3.6.4.7 Compare both curves with the envelope shown in Figure A.4 NOTE If the curves not lie within the envelope, the cause might be one or more of the following, in which case appropriate remedial action might be necessary: 25 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) − the spring is incorrectly tensioned or requires replacement; − the knife edges within the foot have become displaced; − the interstices of the foot require cleaning, especially around the roller, which applies the load onto the slider support arm; − there is friction in the bearings, and/or in the slider lifting handle assembly A.3.6.4.8 If the tension of the spring needs to be adjusted, undo the clamp at the bearing end of the pendulum arm and rotate the top section relative to the tubular arm until the correct tension is achieved Prior to re-tightening the clamp, ensure that the location hole points to the centre of the toe of the foot A.3.6.4.9 Reassemble the arm onto the frame and adjust the foot so that it is parallel to the frame and remains parallel during its swing Fully tighten the clamp screws A.3.6.4.10 Repeat the procedure according to A.3.6.4 to ensure that the correct force/deflection characteristics have been established NOTE The force/deflection curve can also be determined with a tensile test machine or similar device where a continuous graph could be determined A.3.6.4.11 The force/deflection curve shall be included in the pendulum tester calibration report (see A.3.9.1) 26 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Key A B C D E F G is mm deflection and a compression force of Fp + 0,5 N; is 4,5 mm deflection and a compression force of Fp + 0,5 N; is mm deflection and a compression force of Fp + 1,2 N; is 0,5 mm deflection and a compression force of N; is 1,5 mm deflection and a compression force of Fp – 1,1 N; is 4,5 mm deflection and a compression force of Fp – 0,5 N; is mm deflection and a compression force of Fp – 0,5 N; upper force limit lower force limit allowed envelope force, N deflection, mm Figure A.4 — Envelope for slider force/deflection characteristics A.3.7 Checking/setting the levelness of the frame A.3.7.1 A.3.7.1.1 �1) °C A.3.7.2 Apparatus Spirit level, a magnetic 90° engineers spirit level with a nominal sensitivity of 62’’ of arc at (20 Levelling the frame A.3.7.2.1 Set the pendulum frame up with the arm now attached to the frame Adjust the feet such that the pendulum tester is level according to the built in level A.3.7.2.2 Using the spirit level (A.3.7.1.1), check the verticality of the upright tube in two directions at right angles Record the extent of any non-verticality in excess of 0,5° (1 in 120) and either adjust the built in level or consult the manufacturer Similarly, check that when the pendulum arm with the release catch is engaged in the release mechanism (knob) that its longitudinal axis lies in a horizontal line Record the extent of any deviation from the horizontal in excess of 0,5° (1 in 120) and either adjust the catch block or consult the manufacturer A.3.7.2.3 Measure the vertical distance between the arm centre of rotation and the zero mark on the scale Record the extent of any deviation in excess of 10 mm and either adjust the scale or consult the manufacturer 27 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) A.3.7.3 Adjusting the pointer A.3.7.3.1 Allow the pendulum arm to hang freely Place the pointer alongside it in its “following” position Turn the pointer adjustment screw such that the pointer longitudinal axis is precisely in line with the axis of the pendulum arm A.3.7.3.2 The longitudinal axes of the upright tube on the frame, the pendulum arm and the pointer shall all be in line and vertical A.3.8 Final calibration A.3.8.1 Repeat the procedure specified in A.3.2.3 Check that the PTVs are within the corresponding limits specified in A.1 A.3.8.2 If the PTV is outside these limits, investigate and correct the cause of the deviation and then repeat the procedures specified in A.3.3 to A.3.7 as necessary A.3.9 Calibration report and marking (external calibration) A.3.9.1 Calibration report The pendulum tester calibration report shall include the following: a) number and date of this European Standard; b) name of the calibration laboratory; c) serial number of the pendulum tester; d) organisation for whom the calibration has been carried out; e) date of calibration; f) pre-calibration verification results; g) final calibration results; h) authorised signature of the calibration laboratory test personnel; i) calibration certificate number, if relevant; j) slider force/deflection curve A.3.9.2 Marking A label shall be affixed to the pendulum tester stating: a) number and date of this European Standard; b) name of the calibration laboratory; c) serial number of the pendulum tester; d) calibration certificate number, if relevant; e) date of calibration 28 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Annex B (informative) Details of scales Table B.1 – Details of the unit scale C Table B.1 – Details of the unit scale F F Scale C Scale Graduation Drop (mm) mm below horizontal Graduation (where present) Drop (mm) mm below horizontal 0,00 10,16 0,00 10,16 7,13 17,29 0,1 8,64 18,80 10 14,26 24,42 0,2 17,02 27,18 15 21,39 31,55 0,3 25,65 35,81 20 28,52 38,68 0,4 46,99 57,15 25 35,65 45,81 0,5 42,67 52,83 30 42,78 52,94 0,6 52,83 62,99 35 49,91 60,07 0,7 59,94 70,10 40 57,04 67,20 0,8 68,58 78,74 45 64,17 74,33 0,9 76,96 87,12 50 71,30 81,46 85,60 95,76 55 78,43 88,59 60 85,56 95,72 65 92,69 102,85 70 99,82 109,98 75 106,95 117,11 80 114,08 124,24 85 121,21 131,37 90 128,34 138,50 95 135,47 145,63 100 142,60 152,76 105 149,73 159,89 110 156,86 167,02 115 163,99 174,15 120 171,12 181,28 125 178,25 188,41 130 185,38 195,54 135 192,51 202,67 140 199,64 209,80 145 206,77 216,93 150 213,90 224,06 29 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Key drop horizontal line through axis of rotation scale radius, 305 mm NOTE The drop is the distance below a horizontal line through the zero on both scales to the edge of the scale on each graduation NOTE The zero is 10,2 mm below a horizontal line through the axis of rotation of the pendulum Figure B.1 30 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Annex C (informative) Typical test report Table C.1 – Typical test report Laboratory: Certification Body Logo: Address: Certification Body Number: Determination of Pendulum Test Value EN 13036-4 Sheet of Pendulum Equipment No.: Sample No.: [Wide (76,2 mm)] Slider used: Sliding Length: [(126 ± 1) mm] Date: [Flat] Surface: Site Name: Time: Sample/Location Swings(v) Description PTV 1 2 ºC ºC Temperature Sample/Location 8 8 Mean Corrected PTV Mean Corrected PTV Mean Corrected PTV Description PTV Swings(v) Temperature Description PTV Sample/Location ºC Temperature Sample/Location Swings(v) Description PTV Swings(v) Temperature Sample/Location Swings(v) [CEN] Slider Type: ºC Mean Corrected PTV Description PTV Temperature Remarks Orientation of Test: Texture Depth: Surface type: [Parallel to traffic] [1,0 mm] [SMA] ºC Mean Corrected PTV Tested by: Approved by: Date: 31 BS EN 13036-4:2011 EN 13036-4:2011 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 13036-1, Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique [2] EN ISO 13473-1 Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface 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