Bsi bs en 01793 5 2016

BS EN 1793-5:2016 BSI Standards Publication Road traffic noise reducing devices — Test method for determining the acoustic performance Part 5: Intrinsic characteristics — In situ values of sound reflection under direct sound field conditions BS EN 1793-5:2016 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1793-5:2016 It supersedes BS CEN/TS 1793-5:2003 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/509/6, Fences for the attenuation of noise A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2016 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 580 85653 ICS 17.140.30; 93.080.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2016 ICS 17.140.30; 93.080.30 Supersedes CEN/TS 1793-5:2003 English Version Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 5: Intrinsic characteristics - In situ values of sound reflection under direct sound field conditions Dispositifs de réduction du bruit du trafic routier Méthode d'essai pour la détermination de la performance acoustique - Partie 5: Caractéristiques intrinsèques - Valeurs in situ de réflexion acoustique dans des conditions de champ acoustique direct Lärmschutzvorrichtungen an Straßen - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der akustischen Eigenschaften - Teil 5: Produktspezifische Merkmale - In-situ-Werte der Schallreflexion in gerichteten Schallfeldern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 January 2016 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 1793-5:2016 E BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Contents European foreword Introduction Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols and abbreviations 13 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.5.7 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 Sound reflection index measurements 15 General principle 15 Measured quantity 15 Test arrangement 18 Measuring equipment 23 Components of the measuring system 23 Sound source 24 Test signal 24 Data processing 25 Calibration 25 Sample rate 26 Background noise 27 Signal subtraction technique 27 Adrienne temporal window 30 Placement of the Adrienne temporal window 32 Low frequency limit and sample size 33 Positioning of the measuring equipment 35 Maximum sampled area 35 Selection of the measurement positions 35 Reflecting objects 42 Safety considerations 42 Sample surface and meteorological conditions 42 Condition of the sample surface 42 Wind 42 Air temperature 42 Single-number rating of sound reflection DLRI 42 Measurement uncertainty 43 Measuring procedure 43 Test report 44 Annex A (informative) Measurement uncertainty 46 A.1 General 46 A.2 Measurement uncertainty based upon reproducibility data 46 A.3 Standard deviation of repeatability and reproducibility of the sound reflection index 46 Annex B (informative) Template of test report on sound reflection of road noise barriers 48 B.1 Overview 48 B.2 Test setup (example) 50 B.3 Test object and test situation (example) 51 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) B.4 Test Results (example) 53 B.4.1 Part – Results in tabular form 53 B.4.2 Part – Results in graphic form 54 B.5 Uncertainty (example) 54 Annex C (informative) Near field to far field relationship 56 Bibliography 57 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) European foreword This document (EN 1793-5:2016) has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee CEN/TC 226 “Road equipment”, by Working Group “Anti-noise devices”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR This document supersedes CEN/TS 1793-5:2003 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights With respect to the superseded document, the following changes have been done: — the rotating loudspeaker/microphone assembly has been replaced by a loudspeaker and a 9microphone square array (the measurement grid); — the definition of RI has been changed; — the geometrical divergence correction factor has been changed; — a new correction factor for sound source directivity has been introduced; — a new correction factor for gain mismatch has been introduced; — the impulse response alignment for signal subtraction has been described in more detail; — the lowest reliable one-third frequency band has been better defined; — the way to evaluate the uncertainty of the measurement method from reproducibility data has been introduced (Annex A); — a detailed example is given (Annex B); — information on the near-field to far-field relationship has been added (Annex C) It should be read in conjunction with: EN 1793-1, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance – Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption under diffuse sound field conditions EN 1793-2, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance – Part 2: Intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation under diffuse sound field conditions EN 1793-3, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance – Part 3: Normalized traffic noise spectrum EN 1793-4, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance – Part 4: Intrinsic characteristics – In situ values of sound diffraction EN 1793-6, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance – Part 6: Intrinsic characteristics – In situ values of airborne sound insulation under direct sound field conditions BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Introduction This document describes a test method for determining the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices designed for roads in non-reverberant conditions (a measure of intrinsic performance) It can be applied in situ, i.e where the noise reducing devices are installed The method can be applied without damaging the surface The method can be used to qualify products to be installed along roads as well as to verify the compliance of installed noise reducing devices to design specifications Regular application of the method can be used to verify the long term performance of noise reducing devices The method requires the average of results of measurements taken in different points in front of the device under test and/or for specific angles of incidences The method is able to investigate flat and non-flat products The measurements results of this method for sound reflection are not directly comparable with the results of the laboratory method (e.g EN 1793-1), mainly because the present method uses a directional sound field, while the laboratory method assumes a diffuse sound field The test method described in the present document should not be used to determine the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g claddings inside tunnels or deep trenches For the purpose of this document reverberant conditions are defined based on the envelope, e, across the road formed by the device under test, trench sides or buildings (the envelope does not include the road surface) as shown by the dashed lines in Figure Conditions are defined as being reverberant when the percentage of open space in the envelope is less than or equal to 25 %, i.e Reverberant conditions occur when w/e ≤ 0,25, where e = (w+h1+h2) This method introduces a specific quantity, called reflection index, to define the sound reflection in front of a noise reducing device, while the laboratory method gives a sound absorption coefficient Laboratory values of the sound absorption coefficient can be converted to conventional values of a reflection coefficient taking the complement to one In this case, research studies suggest that some correlation exists between laboratory data, measured according to EN 1793-1 and field data, measured according to the method described in the present document [7], [10], [20], [21] This method may be used to qualify noise reducing devices for other applications, e.g to be installed nearby industrial sites In this case the single-number ratings should be calculated using an appropriate spectrum BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) (a) Partial cover on both sides of the road; envelope, e = w+h1+h2 (b) Partial cover on one side of the road; envelope, e = w+h1 (c) Deep trench; envelope, e = w+h1+h2 (d) Tall barriers or buildings; envelope, e = w+h1+h2 Key r w road surface; width of open space NOTE Figure is not to scale Figure —Sketch of the reverberant condition check in four cases BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Scope This European Standard describes a test method for measuring a quantity representative of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection from road noise reducing devices: the reflection index The test method is intended for the following applications: — determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices to be installed along roads, to be measured either on typical installations alongside roads or on a relevant sample section; — determination of the in situ intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices in actual use; — comparison of design specifications with actual performance data after the completion of the construction work; — verification of the long term performance of noise reducing devices (with a repeated application of the method) The test method is not intended for the following applications: — determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g inside tunnels or deep trenches Results are expressed as a function of frequency, in one-third octave bands between 100 Hz and kHz If it is not possible to get valid measurements results over the whole frequency range indicated, the results should be given in a restricted frequency range and the reasons of the restriction(s) should be clearly reported Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 1793-3, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 3: Normalized traffic noise spectrum EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 1: Specifications (IEC 61672-1) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 noise reducing device (NRD) device that is designed to reduce the propagation of traffic noise away from the road environment This may be a noise barrier, cladding, a road cover or an added device These devices may include both acoustic and structural elements BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Annex A (informative) Measurement uncertainty A.1 General The accepted format for expression of uncertainties generally associated with methods of measurement is that given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 This format incorporates an uncertainty budget, in which all the various sources of uncertainty are identified and quantified, from which the combined total uncertainty can be obtained However, this method implies the statement of an analytical model of the sound reflection index as a function of many input variables and this seems, at the state of the art of the knowledge, not feasible A.2 Measurement uncertainty based upon reproducibility data In the absence of an analytical model for the evaluation of an uncertainty budget, values for the standard deviation of reproducibility, when available, may be used as an estimate of the combined standard uncertainty of determinations of sound reflection index In each one-third octave band the standard deviation of reproducibility sR,j is assumed as an estimate of the of the combined standard uncertainty uj of the sound reflection index RIj: ( ) = u j u= R) j s R , j (A.1) Then the expanded uncertainty, Uj, is specified, such that the interval [RIj – Uj, RIj +Uj] covers e.g 95 % of the values of RIj that might reasonably be attributed to RIj By convention, a coverage probability of 95 % is usually chosen To avoid any misinterpretations, the chosen coverage probability should always be stated in test reports together with the expanded measurement uncertainty To that purpose, a coverage factor, kp, is used, such that Uj = kp ·uj The coverage factor depends on the probability distribution associated with the measurand NOTE The information on measurement reproducibility can be helpful towards the derivation of measurement uncertainties until when more knowledge will be available, but it is incomplete In particular, it does not give an analysis of the various components of measurement uncertainty and their magnitudes A.3 Standard deviation of repeatability and reproducibility of the sound reflection index In the frame of the European project QUIESST an inter-laboratory test has been carried out in order to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of the test method described in this European standard when applied to real-life samples The values for the standard deviation of repeatability and reproducibility of sound reflection index, in one-third octave band and for the single number rating, are given in Table A.1 These values may be used as an estimate of the combined standard uncertainty of determinations of sound reflection index 46 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Table A.1 – Standard deviation of repeatability and reproducibility of the sound reflection index, after the QUIESST project [23] 1/3 octave band Std dev of repeatability, sr Std dev of reproducibility, sR Hz Median Low High Median Low High 100 0,25 0,21 0,30 0,27 0,23 0,32 160 0,06 0,05 0,07 0,09 0,08 0,12 125 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 DLRI, dB 0,12 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,07 0,07 0,09 0,10 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,11 0,11 0,12 0,15 0,17 0,53 0,10 0,07 0,06 0,07 0,06 0,06 0,08 0,09 0,08 0,08 0,10 0,09 0,09 0,10 0,13 0,14 0,44 0,14 0,10 0,09 0,10 0,09 0,08 0,11 0,12 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,13 0,13 0,14 0,18 0,20 0,62 0,14 0,11 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,09 0,11 0,12 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,13 0,13 0,14 0,17 0,19 0,68 0,12 0,09 0,09 0,09 0,08 0,08 0,09 0,11 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,11 0,11 0,12 0,15 0,16 0,54 0,18 0,14 0,13 0,13 0,12 0,12 0,14 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,16 0,15 0,15 0,17 0,20 0,23 0,81 47 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Annex B (informative) Template of test report on sound reflection of road noise barriers NOTE Logically, all references in this template to Annex B have to be removed when drafting a test report B.1 Overview for product xxxx produced by the firm yyyyy (a) Remark: (b) Name and address of testing organization: (c) (d) (e) The present test is based on the test method according to the European Standard EN 1793–5 Date of test: Place of test: Test situation: see description and photographic presentation in B.1 Test object Manufacturer: Type: Dimensions: height, length, distance between support posts or ribs Date of manufacture: Date of installation: Exposure classes according to EN 14389–1: Physical condition during test (by visual inspection): (f) (g) Composition: see description and photographic presentation in B.2 Drawings and photographs clearly show how the product is built; include at least front view, side view, back view Surface conditions of the test object Dryness: Temperature: Meteorological conditions prevailing during the test Wind speed: Wind direction: Air temperature: (h) 48 Test arrangement: see description and photographic presentation in B.2 Note that this representation should include the exact positions of the microphone with respect to the sample e.g showing the microphone positions opposite a ridge on a non-flat product BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) (i) Equipment used for measurement and analysis Sound source: Manufacturer: Type: Serial number: Microphone: Manufacturer: Type: Serial number: Analyser: Manufacturer: Type: Serial number: (j) (k) Correction factors for sound source directivity (if any; if none, state 'none') Correction factors for changes in sound source gain (if any; if none, state 'none') (l) Filtering and sampling (m) Adrienne temporal window (State length for each microphone height) Type and characteristics of the anti-aliasing filter: Sample rate: Length for microphones 1–3: Length for microphones 4–6: Length for microphones 7–9: (n) Test frequency range (o) Test results: see tables and graphs in B.3 (p) Low frequency limit: Smallest dimension of the test object: Measurement uncertainty For each one-third octave frequency band and the single-number rating: Combined standard uncertainty: Expanded uncertainty: Coverage factor: Confidence level: (q) Single-number rating The single-number rating for the sound reflection index amounts to: For qualification (minimum sample size m x m): DLRI = _ dB 49 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) For other purposes: DLRI (Lower freq limit – 000 Hz) = dB (r) Signature of the person responsible for the measurements Name: Place, date: signature B.2 Test setup (example) The noise reducing device under test is a composite, absorptive barrier constructed in perforated metal sheet, mm thick, and mineral wool backed by a blind metal sheet, mm thick It is composed by two sections, each section comprising 4,0 m wide x 4,0 m high panels, supported in between steel H-section posts which are at 4,0 m centres This is representative of the construction arrangement used alongside highways The overall dimensions of the test configuration are height = 4,0 m and width = 8,0 m Figure B.1 shows the barrier viewed from the front (traffic side) Figure B.1 – (Example) General view of test barrier (from front (road) side) – White circles mark measurement positions based on the post spacing of m The source is at a height of 2,0 m above the ground The prescribed measurement grid is applied in 12 different positions (the circles in Figure B.1 show the approximate positions of the loudspeaker/centre microphone axis) There are no sound reflecting nor sound diffracting parasitic objects acting in the sample area The test situation including the loudspeaker and microphone array is shown in Figure B.2 50 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Figure B.2 — (Example) Test arrangement showing loudspeaker and microphone array when measuring B.3 Test object and test situation (example) Figure B.3 shows a typical plan section through the barrier, including the dimensions of the different elements The posts are steel columns of the type HeA 180 The panels are held in place between the posts by means of metallic wedges at the rear Figure B.4 shows a typical cross-section through the barrier, including the dimensions of the different elements Key Sound absorbing material Front perforated steel sheet, mm thick Blind steel sheet, mm thick Post, HeA 180 type Figure B.3 – (Example) Plan view of the noise barrier (dimensions in millimetres) 51 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Key Sound absorbing material Front perforated steel sheet, mm thick Blind steel sheet, mm thick Post, HeA 180 type Figure B.4 – (Example) Cross-sections through noise barrier (dimensions in millimetres) Top: crosssection through A-A Bottom: cross-section through B-B 52 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) B.4 Test Results (example) B.4.1 Part – Results in tabular form Table B.1 - Results in tabular form Thirdoctave band centre frequency (Hz) Particular values of sound reflection index RI for the 12 measurement grid positions and the mean Particular values Average RI1 RI2 RI3 RI4 RI5 RI6 RI7 RI8 RI9 RI10 RI11 RI12 RI 100 0,59 0,62 0,57 0,55 0,58 0,59 0,57 0,57 0,51 0,61 0,61 0,62 0,58 160 0,63 0,65 0,60 0,55 0,57 0,59 0,60 0,60 0,53 0,60 0,57 0,60 0,59 125 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 000 250 600 000 500 150 000 000 0,60 0,38 0,43 0,43 0,34 0,15 0,05 0,07 0,11 0,11 0,39 0,19 0,15 0,31 0,39 0,55 0,62 0,42 0,47 0,45 0,33 0,15 0,04 0,07 0,10 0,13 0,53 0,28 0,23 0,33 0,27 0,43 0,58 0,31 0,35 0,34 0,26 0,12 0,04 0,06 0,09 0,10 0,16 0,10 0,21 0,27 0,22 0,25 0,54 0,37 0,39 0,37 0,28 0,13 0,07 0,13 0,13 0,07 0,37 0,20 0,14 0,26 0,23 0,52 0,57 0,37 0,39 0,37 0,30 0,15 0,05 0,08 0,11 0,11 0,28 0,15 0,13 0,23 0,26 0,53 0,58 0,35 0,36 0,34 0,27 0,15 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,08 0,21 0,12 0,17 0,19 0,21 0,53 0,58 0,37 0,42 0,37 0,22 0,07 0,06 0,17 0,17 0,10 0,30 0,16 0,15 0,18 0,28 0,40 Single number rating of sound reflection index, DLRI = dB 0,58 0,39 0,43 0,37 0,24 0,08 0,04 0,11 0,16 0,13 0,23 0,15 0,15 0,25 0,22 0,43 0,51 0,31 0,35 0,33 0,22 0,08 0,04 0,09 0,10 0,09 0,18 0,08 0,16 0,18 0,18 0,23 0,60 0,36 0,38 0,33 0,21 0,11 0,09 0,11 0,08 0,10 0,30 0,13 0,12 0,16 0,28 0,46 0,59 0,31 0,34 0,33 0,25 0,12 0,05 0,09 0,07 0,09 0,35 0,17 0,15 0,23 0,21 0,36 0,61 0,32 0,36 0,33 0,23 0,12 0,06 0,07 0,04 0,07 0,29 0,22 0,10 0,21 0,24 0,45 0,58 0,35 0,39 0,36 0,26 0,12 0,05 0,09 0,10 0,10 0,30 0,16 0,16 0,23 0,25 0,43 53 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) B.4.2 Part – Results in graphic form Key Third-octave band centre frequency [Hz] Sound reflection index Figure B.5 – Results in graphic form B.5 Uncertainty (example) The uncertainty of the declared values of sound reflection index, in one-third octave band and for the single number rating, is estimated using the values for the standard deviation of reproducibility given in Table A.1 A coverage factor of 1,96, corresponding to a confidence level of 95 % for a Gaussian distribution, is assumed In order to have a conservative (worst case) estimate, the chosen value of the standard deviation of reproducibility are the maximal ones (last column of Table A.1) The main step of the calculation are summarized in Table B.2 It can be seen that the conservative estimate of the 95 % confidence interval of the single-number rating is [6,09, 9,27] dB 54 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Table B.2 – Estimation of the uncertainty of the declared values of RI 1/3 octave band, Hz RI 100 0,58 0,32 0,62 160 0,59 0,12 0,24 125 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 DLRI, dB (before rounding) 0,58 0,35 0,39 0,36 0,26 0,12 0,05 0,09 0,10 0,10 0,30 0,16 0,16 0,23 0,25 0,43 7,68 sR (High) U (95 %) 0,18 0,14 0,13 0,13 0,12 0,12 0,14 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,16 0,15 0,15 0,17 0,20 0,23 0,81 0,34 0,27 0,25 0,25 0,24 0,23 0,26 0,28 0,25 0,28 0,31 0,29 0,29 0,32 0,39 0,45 1,59 55 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Annex C (informative) Near field to far field relationship The sound reflection index is determined by the properties of the materials of the noise reducing device under test as well as by the geometrical shape of this device, which may enhance or diminish sound reflections in certain directions The reflectivity effect in the far field is thus not only related to the noise reducing device and its design, but also to the receiving position in the far field The determination of performance in the far-field has been investigated within the framework of the QUIESST project [22] and an engineering computation method has been developed that gives the values of two far field performance indicators (for high rise and low rise buildings) for a specific barrier type 56 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 14389-1, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Procedures for assessing long term performance Part 1: Acoustical characteristics [2] GARAI M Measurement of the sound-absorption coefficient in situ: the reflection method using periodic pseudorandom sequences of maximum length Appl Acoust 1993, 39 pp 119–139 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] MOMMERTZ E Angle-dependent in-situ measurements of reflection coefficients using a subtraction technique” - Appl Acoust 1995, 46 pp 251–263 ADRIENNE RESEARCH TEAM “Test methods for the acoustic performance of road traffic noise reducing devices - Final report” - European Commission - DGXII - SMT Project MAT1-CT94049 (1998) CLAIRBOIS J.-P., BEAUMONT J., GARAI M., SCHUPP G “A new in-situ method for the acoustic performance of road traffic noise reducing devices”, Proc 16th I.C.A and 135th A.S.A meeting, Seattle, U.S.A., 471472 (1998) and J Acoust Soc Am., 103(5), Pt 2, 2801 (1998) CLAIRBOIS J.-P., BEAUMONT J., GARAI M., SCHUPP G “A new in-situ method for the acoustic performance of road traffic noise reducing devices”, Proc Euro-Noise ’98, Munich, Germany, 813-818 (1998) GARAI M., GUIDORZI P “Experimental verification of the European methodology for testing noise barriers in situ: sound reflection” (invited paper), Proc Inter-Noise 2000, Nice, France, 477-482 (2000) GARAI M., GUIDORZI P European methodology for testing the airborne sound insulation characteristics of noise barriers in situ: experimental verification and comparison with laboratory data J Acoust Soc Am 2000, 108 (3) pp 1054–1067 WATTS G., MORGAN P Measurement of airborne sound insulation of timber noise barriers: comparison of in situ method CEN/TS 1793-5 with laboratory method EN 1793-2 Appl Acoust 2007, 68 pp 421– 436 GARAI M., GUIDORZI P In situ measurements of the intrinsic characteristics of the acoustic barriers installed along a new high speed railway line Noise Control Eng J 2008, 56 (5) pp 342–355 SCHRÖDER M.R Integrated-impulse method measuring sound decay without using impulses J Acoust Soc Am 1979, 66 (2) pp 497–500 [12] BORISH J., ANGELL J.B An efficient algorithm for measuring the impulse response using pseudorandom noise J Audio Eng Soc 1983, 31 (7) pp 478–488 [14] BLEAKEY C., SCAIFE R New Formulae for predicting the accuracy of acoustical measurements made in noisy environments using the averaged m-sequence correlation technique J Acoust Soc Am 1995, 97 (2) pp 1329–1332 [13] [15] [16] BORISH J Self-contained crosscorrelation program for maximum-length sequences J Audio Eng Soc 1985, 33 (11) pp 888–891 MÜLLER S., MASSARANI P Transfer-Function Measurement with sweeps J Audio Eng Soc 2001, 49 pp 443–471 TORRAS-ROSELL A., JACOBSEN F A New Interpretation of Distortion Artifacts in Sweep Measurements J Audio Eng Soc 2011, 59 pp 283–289 57 BS EN 1793-5:2016 EN 1793-5:2016 (E) [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] HARRIS F.J On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform Proc IEEE 1978, 66 (1) pp 51–83 GUIDORZI P., GARAI M “Advancements in sound reflection and airborne sound insulation measurement on noise barriers” Open Journal of Acoustics, 3(2A), 25-38, (2013) DOI: 10.4236/oja.2013.32A004 GARAI M., GUIDORZI P., SCHOEN E “Assessing the repeatability and reproducibility of in situ measurements of sound reflection and airborne sound insulation index of noise barriers”, Proc AIADAGA 2013 Conference, Merano, Italy, Paper ID 106, 1-4 (2013) QUIESST (2012) Guidebook to noise reducing devices optimisation [Online] Accessed October 2014; Available from the World Wide Web: http://www.quiesst.eu/images/stories/guidebook_JPC_19_nov_2012_MC_CD_MG_logos.pdf QUIESST Final procedural report on WP4 activities: Including public database of European NRD, data analysis and definition of NRD families Available from the World Wide Web, 2012 [[Online], Accessed October 2014http://www.quiesst.eu/images/QUIESST_D4.3_MS4.2.pdf QUIESST (2012) Instructions for processing of near field reflectivity test data and derivation of far field reflectivity indicators [Online] Accessed October 2014 Available from the World Wide Web: http://www.quiesst.eu/images/QUIESST_D2.6.pdf QUIESST (2012) Inter-laboratory test to assess the uncertainty of the new measurement methods for determining the in situ values of sound reflection and airborne sound insulation of noise reducing devices under direct sound field conditions [Online] Accessed October 2014 Available from the World Wide Web: http://www.quiesst.eu/images/QUIESST_D3.5.pdf EN 1793-1, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption EN 1793-2, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 2: Intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation under diffuse sound field conditions EN 1793-4, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 4: Intrinsic characteristics - In situ values of sound diffraction [27] EN 1793-6, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 6: Intrinsic characteristics - In situ values of airborne sound insulation under direct sound field conditions [28] EN 60942:2003, Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators (IEC 60942:2003) [29] 58 EN 61260:1995, Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters (IEC 61620:1995) This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW 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