BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1783:1997 Incorporating Amendment No Matches — Performance requirements, safety and classification The European Standard EN 1783:1997, including amendment Al:2002, has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards BS EN 1783:1997 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CW/32, Matches and lighters, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of British Lighter Manufacturers British Retail Consortium Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers' Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit) Institute of Trading Standards Administration Loss Prevention Council Society of British Match Manufacturers Writing Instruments Association This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1997 © BSI March 2003 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CW/32 Draft for comment 95/520088 DC ISBN 580 28109 Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments 14217 March 2003 Revision of Clause 8e) BS EN 1783:1997 Contents Committees responsible National foreword Foreword Text of EN 1783 © BSI March 2003 Page inside front cover ii i BS EN 1783:1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CW/32 and is the English language version of EN 1783:1997, including amendment Al:2002, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) BS EN 1783:1997 supersedes BS 3795:1990 which is withdrawn Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled "International Standards Correspondence Index", or by using the "Search" facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 17 and a back cover The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued ii © BSI March 2003 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM EN 1997 December 2002 ICS 71.100.30 Descriptors: Matches, safety, specification, quality, sampling, visual examination, tests, thermal stability, durability, shock resistance, classifications, labelling English version Matches — Performance requirements, safety and classification (includes amendment Al:2002) Allumettes — Exigences de performance, securite et classification (inclut Tamendement Al:2002) Zundholzer— Funktionsanforderungen, Sicherheit und Klassifikation (enthalt Anderung Al:2002) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-01-05 and amendment Al was approved by CEN on 2002-11-01 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europeen de Normalisation Europaisches Komitee fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1997 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 1783:1997 + Al:2002 E EN 1783:1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/CS This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1997 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Foreword t o a m e n d m e n t A l This document EN 1783:1997/A1:2002 has been prepared by CMC This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2003 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Contents Foreword Scope Normative references Definitions Sampling, conditioning, acceptance and rejection Visual inspection Performance Environmental and toxicological requirements Classification and marking Annex A (normative) — Method of test for striking performance Annex B (normative) — Method of test for thermal stability Annex C (normative) — Methods of test for performance of the striking surface Annex D (normative) — Method of test for impact resistance Annex E (normative) — Environmental and toxicological tests Annex F (informative) — Bibliography Figure A — Method of striking matches Figure A — Method of striking flexible matches e.g cardboard or wax matches Figure E.l — Apparatus for the determination of sulfur dioxide emitted from burning matches Table — Categories of hazard and AQLs Table — AQLs for visual inspection of complete product Table — Length of head Table — AQLs for visual inspection of individual matches Table — AQLs for visual inspection of match containers Table — AQLs for striking performance Table — AQLs for striking surface Table — AQLs for impact tests Table — Permitted maximum heavy metal contents in matches Page 3 5 10 12 13 13 13 17 11 12 16 6 6 8 © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for the safety, performance, classification and marking of matches, together with their match containers, available to the general public free of charge or in return for payment It gives: — the necessary tests to establish compliance with these requirements; — a sampling procedure to enable the selection of individual matches and match containers for test; — an acceptable quality level for matches and match containers within a sample It relates the acceptable quality level to the category of hazard considered to result from failure to comply with the requirements The standard is applicable to all matches where requirements and tests are followed according to the classification and definition of the matches under examination The requirements of this standard also apply to dedicated matches However, those clauses which, when complied with, clearly render the match ineffective for its specific purpose are not applicable in this case Normative r e f e r e n c e s This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection ISO 2859-3, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 3: Skip-lot procedures ISO 6341:1989, Water quality — Determination of the inhibition of mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 match stem tipped in combustible material that provides support during ignition and the fuel for its continued burning 3.1.1 conventional match (hereafter referred to as "match") match which is not a special purpose product such as a windproof or a water resistant match 3.1.2 dedicated match match intended and identified for a specific purpose (windproof or waterproof) 3.2 striking surface surface against which matches are struck to light them 3.3 match container unit for retaining the matches and incorporating the means for igniting these in the form of a striking surface NOTE Matches are available in containers the most typical of which are boxes and books NOTE Typical features of matches and match containers referred to in this standard are exemplified for box matches in Figure A.l Similar features exist in other types of matches © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 3.4 safety match match that can be ignited only by being struck against a complementary composition to that of the head coated on part of the match container 3.5 strike anywhere match match that can be ignited by being struck against a surface which is not necessarily of a complementary composition to that of the head 3.6 wood match match with a stem made from wood 3.7 wax match match with a stem constructed from paper and impregnated with wax 3.8 cardboard match match with a stem cut from cardboard 3.9 book match a presentation of matches in the manner of one or more combs fixed inside a folding cover which constitutes its container 3.10 doubles match heads joined together by a bridge of composition which is regarded as one match for the purposes of this standard 3.11 fractured heads match heads with broken or cracked surfaces 3.12 fractured stem match stem that breaks with no separation 3.13 afterglow residual glow after the flame has been extinguished 3.14 head composition combustible material forming the match tip 3.15 AQL acceptable quality level in accordance with ISO 2859 3.16 normal corrected vision the naked eye corrected to normal vision if necessary NOTE This is usually by the wearing of spectacles 3.17 marking required information specified in clause © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 Sampling, conditioning, a c c e p t a n c e and rejection 4.1 Sampling and AQLs Select samples of matches and match containers for testing in accordance with ISO 2859-1 and ISO 2859-3 The inspection levels shall be S3 for matches and S2 for the containers The AQL for each performance requirement is specified in Table 2, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table and Table and relevant clauses NOTE AQLs have been chosen by category of hazard as described in Table Table — Categories of hazard and AQLs Category Critical Serious Major A Major B AQL 0,1 0,65 1,5 4.2 Conditioning Prior to testing for performance, samples shall be maintained at (23 ± 5) °C and (50 ± 20) % rh for not less than 24 h Testing shall commence within 30 s of transferring samples from the conditioning to the testing areas 4.3 Acceptance and rejection Take the AQL from the relevant Table 2, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table or Table 8, or from the relevant clause, refer to the relevant sampling table (see 4.1) and accept or reject the sample by referring to the acceptance or rejection figures in that table In the event of product being rejected on a first test it is permitted to test a further quantity of product such that the total sample conforms to the next highest permitted sample size code letter Acceptance or rejection is then based on the criteria pertaining to the larger sample size Visual i n s p e c t i o n 5.1 General All visual inspections shall be carried out from a distance of (300 ± 50) mm with the unaided eye, or using normal corrected vision only, at an ambient light level sufficient to provide not less than 250 lx at the surface under inspection The testing for striking performance, 6.1.1 shall be carried out at an ambient light level not exceeding 100 lx Matches failing the visual inspection requirements of 5.2 and 5.3 shall be replaced by satisfactory samples before assessing performance according to Clause 5.2 Complete product 5.2.1 Contents The number of matches in a match container shall correspond with the declared contents (see Clause 8) to within ±12,5 % for individual containers The mean value of all the contents shall be between 98 % and 110 % of the declared contents If ±12,5 % of the declared count is a fractional number this should be rounded up to the nearest whole number 5.2.2 Envelopment All matches shall be inside the match container 5.2.3 Ease of opening When each match container is opened and closed once, it shall not tear or acquire any additional creases resulting from excessive force having to be applied © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 5.2.4 Retention of contents After the operation in 5.2.3 the contents shall be retained when the closed container is oriented in all directions 5.2.5 AQLs for the requirements in 5.2 shall be as given in Table Table — AQLs for visual inspection of complete product Type of i n s p e c t i o n AQL Contents of match containers Envelopment Ease of opening Retention of contents 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 5.3 Individual matches 5.3.1 Match stems shall be of consistent dimensions, to within ±15 % of the mean values and shall be not less than 27 mm in length, excluding the head 5.3.2 All matches shall have a head which shall be consistent in dimensions The length, measured down the stem, from tip to skirt of the head shall conform to the requirements in Table Table — Length of head Max h e a d l e n g t h (mm) Wood match where x = edge length of cross-section of the stem Wax match where y = diameter of the stem Book match Min head l e n g t h (mm) 3* 1,5JC 4y 2y NOTE This requirement does not apply to dedicated matches, such as windproof and waterproof matches, whose length and flame height should be commensurate with their intended and stated function 5.3.3 Head shape shall be consistent with no peaks or rough edges and shall be complete Match heads shall not be joined together by a bridge of the composition to form doubles 5.3.4 Heads shall exhibit no broken or cracked surface areas (see Table 4) 5.3.5 AQLs for these requirements in 5.3 shall be as given in Table Table — AQLs for visual inspection of individual matches Type of i n s p e c t i o n Stem Head Head Head Head dimensions present dimensions shape fractures AQL 1,5 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65 5.4 Match containers The containers shall incorporate a defined area of uniformly distributed striking surface The product making up the striking surface shall never be present on the inside of the container in a position where contact with the match heads could be possible during normal access to the contents The AQLs for the requirements in 5.4 shall be as given in Table Table — AQLs for visual inspection of match containers Type of i n s p e c t i o n Uniformity of striking surface Striking surface inside container AQL 1,5 0,1 © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 Performance 6.1 Striking performance 6.1.1 General When tested as described in A.1 to A.8, matches shall ignite instantly and shall exhibit no breakage or fracture prior to, or following, ignition During ignition there shall be no breakage, detachment, explosion or fragmentation of the head or dropping of hot ash Following ignition, the flame shall transfer from the head to the stem After ignition the stem shall not have fractured or broken with detachment of the ignited part When burning continues with the stem held horizontal, liquid shall not drip from the match When allowed to burn for half the stem length or for at least 10 s, whichever occurs first, and then extinguished with a blast of air a match shall not continue to glow for more than s unless it is a cardboard or wax match in which case it shall not continue to glow for more than s When tested as described in A.9, the flame observed between s and 10 s after striking shall reach a height of at least 10 mm The flame shall burn for at least 10 s, or, if the match is less than 40 mm long, for at least 6s The AQLs for the requirements in 6.1.1 shall be as given in Table Table — AQLs for striking performance AQL Fault Non-ignition Non-instantaneous ignition Breakage or fracture of stem prior to ignition Detachment, breakage, explosion, fragmentation of head during ignition Dropping of hot ash during ignition Fracture of stem during or after ignition without detachment of the ignited part Breakage of stem during or after ignition with detachment of the ignited part Failure to transfer flame from head to splint Dripping of liquid Afterglow Flame height Flame duration 0,65 1,5 1,5 0,1 1,5 1,5 0,1 1,5 0,65 1,5 4,0 4,0 NOTE This requirement does not apply to dedicated matches, such as windproof and waterproof matches, whose length and flame height should be commensurate with their intended and stated function 6.1.2 Safety matches When tested as described in A 10 it shall not be possible to ignite the matches by striking on a fresh surface of grade P80 waterproof silicon carbide paper to an AQL of 0,1 When tested as described in A 11 it shall not be possible to ignite the matches by striking on a fresh surface of grade P600 waterproof silicon carbide paper to an AQL of 1,5 6.1.3 Strike anywhere matches When tested as described in A 10 the matches shall ignite on a fresh surface of grade P80 waterproof silicon carbide paper to an AQL of 1,5 6.2 Thermal stability 6.2.1 Safety matches When tested as described in B , match containers of safety matches shall not ignite spontaneously 6.2.2 Strike anywhere matches When tested as described in B.2, match containers of strike anywhere matches shall not ignite spontaneously 6.2.3 AQLs for the requirements in 6.3 shall be 0,65 © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 6.3 Performance of the striking surface 6.3.1 Damp removal When tested as described in C.l, there shall be no removal of striking surface sufficient to expose the underlying surface of the container 6.3.2 Durability of the striking surface When tested as described in C.2, the striking surface of a match container shall be capable of igniting all of its contents on not more than half of the available surface 6.3.3 Ignition of the striking surface When tested as described in C.3 the striking surface shall not ignite or lose burning fragments 6.3.4 Loss of burning fragments When tested in accordance with C.4 there shall be no loss of burning fragments 6.3.5 AQLs for the requirements in 6.3 shall be as given in Table Table — AQLs for striking surface AQL Test Damp removal Durability of striking surface Ignition of striking surface Loss of burning fragments 1,5 0,65 0,65 0,65 6.4 Impact When tested as described in Annex D, the contents of a full match container of matches shall not ignite and the number of individual matches becoming separated from the match containers shall be less than % of the contents NOTE Fractional values resulting from this percentage should be rounded up to the nearest whole number AQLs for the requirements in 6.4 shall be as given in Table Table — AQLs for impact tests AQL Tests Ignition Loss of matches 0,1 1,5 E n v i r o n m e n t a l and toxicological r e q u i r e m e n t s 7.1 Sulfur dioxide emission 7.1.1 Safety matches When tested as described in E l matches shall release less than mg of sulfur dioxide per gram of head composition 7.1.2 Strike anywhere matches When tested as described in E l matches shall release less than 100 mg of sulfur dioxide per gram of head composition 7.2 Heavy metal content When tested as described in E.2 match heads shall contain less than the levels of heavy metals given in Table © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 Table — Permitted maximum heavy metal contents in matches Content Metal Antimony Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Manganese Mercury Selenium Vanadium 10 mg/kg 10 mg/kg 400 mg/kg 20 mg/kg 400 mg/kg 100 mg/kg 100 mg/kg 10 mg/kg 10 mg/kg 100 mg/kg 7.3 Biological toxicity test When tested as described in E.3 the 24h-EC(I)50 value obtained using the organism Daphnia magna Straus shall be greater than 10 g of matches/litre Classification and m a r k i n g The match containers shall have the following legible, visible, understandable and permanent information marked on them: a) country of manufacture of the matches; NOTE For matches produced bv member states of the European Union it is sufficient to state "made in European Union" or "made inElT b) name or address or telephone number of the responsible vendor, importer or manufacturer; NOTE This may be in an abbreviated form provided it is readily traceable by a consumer within the country where the product is sold c) matches which conform to the requirements of this standard including 6.1.2, 6.2.1, and 7.1.1 shall be classified as "safety matches" and the boxes shall be labelled with the number of this standard and the classification in the following manner: EN 1783:1997:SAF Matches which conform to the requirements of this standard including 6.1.3, 6.2.2, and 7.1.2 shall be classified as "strike anywhere matches" and the boxes shall be labelled with the number of this standard and the classification in the following manner: EN 1783:1997:SAW d) the average nominal count; e) either the warning "Keep away from children", or another warning meaning the same or similar (words or symbols) which has been researched and tested on the public and demonstrated to be effective The warning shall be legible, visible and understandable by the intended consumer For matches given free of charge to the final user items a), b) and e) shall be required but items c) and d) are optional Only matches which are classified as safety matches shall be labelled "safety matches" on the match container Only matches which are classified as strike anywhere matches shall be labelled "strike anywhere matches" on the match container © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 A n n e x A (normative) Method of test for striking performance A.l Ensure that this test is in a draught-free environment and that matches are not moved once ignition has been initiated A.2 With the match container held over an A4 sheet of white paper of grammage (80 ± 5) g/m2, hold the match firmly between the first finger and thumb, as shown in Figure A.l, and strike it against the striking surface of the container with the minimum pressure necessary to cause ignition The match should be held approximately 100 mm above the sheet of paper during testing NOTE The match should be held at approximately 15 mm from the head or for short and/or flexible matches, at a position consistent with normal use of the product (see Figure A.2) NOTE As soon as the match head ignites, the match should be oriented so that the splint is horizontal This movement should be complete before the head has finished burning A.3 Record any breakage or fracture of the stem prior to ignition and whether ignition occurs or is delayed A.4 At ignition, record any explosion or fragmentation of the match head or any breakage of the stem which results in separation of the broken pieces A.5 During ignition, record any dropping of hot ash sufficient to permanently mark the paper with burn marks A.6 Following ignition, record any breakage or fracture of the stem or detachment of the burning head and whether the flame transfers successfully from the head to the stem A.7 Allow the match to continue to burn with the stem horizontal until the flame has spread halfway along the stem Record whether liquid drips from the stem during burning (see note to A.8 ) A.8 When the flame reaches half-way along the stem, or after burning for at least 10 s, extinguish it with a puff of air and record whether the charred stem continues to glow for more than s or, for cardboard and wax matches, for more than s (see note) NOTE If the match extinguishes before the flame reaches half way along the stem, record events at and after the moment of extinguishing A.9 Take a second sample of matches for measurement of flame height and duration Hold the match in position by inserting the stem mm into a metal tube clamped in the horizontal position Position the match (25 ± 3) mm in front of a vertical plane mirrored plate scribed with two horizontal lines separated by 10 mm Adjust the height of the plate so that the upper surface of the match splint, its mirror image and the lower line are all coincident Ignite the match by touching the tip of the head with a heated soldering iron At the same time start a stop watch Observe the flame carefully during the period between s and 10 s from ignition and record whether the flame does not exceed 10 mm in height This is indicated if the tip of the flame does not cross the upper of the two lines scribed on the mirrored plate At all times during the observation of the flame ensure that the stem, its mirror image and the bottom line remain coincident in order to prevent parallax errors Record whether the flame does not remain alight for 10 s or, if the match is less than 40 mm in length, for s NOTE Alternative arrangements for measurement of flame height are acceptable provided adequate arrangements to prevent parallax errors are incorporated A 10 Strike the matches on a supported fresh sheet of grade P80 (FEPA 43-GB) waterproof silicon carbide paper and record whether ignition can be initiated A 11 Repeat A 10 substituting a supported fresh sheet of grade P600 (FEPA 43-GB) waterproof silicon carbide paper as the strike surface and record whether ignition can be initiated 10 © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 Direction •f strike Striking surface NOTE The match is struck along the striking surface of the container with an upward sweep and held clear of die container lo avoid damage to the striking surface F i g u r e A.l — Method of s t r i k i n g m a t c h e s © BSI March 2003 11 EN 1783:1997 for striking flexible matches e.g cardboard or wax matches A n n e x B (normative) Method of test for thermal stability B.l Temperature test for safety matches B l l Carry out the test in an air circulating oven with a temperature regulated to (180 ± 2) °C B 1.2 As the oven is preheating, open the oven and quickly place full containers of matches inside Ensure that containers are placed in a single layer without contact between adjacent units and close the oven B.1.3 Observe the temperature of the oven Note when the temperature rises to 175 °C and retain the containers in the oven for a further 30 During this 30 min, ensure that the temperature does not exceed 182 °C Open the oven and record any instances of spontaneous ignition that have taken place during this period B.2 Temperature test for strike anywhere matches Test according to B.l but in an air circulating oven with a temperature regulated to (130 ± 2) °C Keep the matches in the oven for 30 once the measured oven temperature reaches 125 °C During this 30 min, ensure that the temperature does not exceed 132 °C Open the oven and record any instances of spontaneous combustion that have taken place during this period 12 © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 A n n e x C (normative) Methods of test for performance of the striking surface C.l Damp removal Apply a single drop of water to the striking surface After 20 s carefully wipe the surface with a soft dry tissue and record if any removal of the striking surface exposes the underlying surface of the container C.2 Durability and ignition C.2.1 For match containers of average contents up to and including 50 matches, strike the entire contents of the match container, using the method described in A.l on an area of striking surface restricted to (50 ± 5) % of that provided on the container NOTE The area of striking surface may be controlled, e.g by using one side only of a match container with striking surface on both sides or by masking of a section of the available surface with cellulose tape C.2.2 For containers of average contents exceeding 50 matches strike not less than 10 % of the contents or 50 matches, whichever is the greater, using the method described in A.l, on that percentage of the striking surface provided determined by: no of matches struck x 50 total contents Round fractional numbers to the nearest whole number C.3 Ignition of the friction surface Strike one match on each match container (see A.2 ) and record any continued burning of the friction surface after the match has ignited C.4 Loss of burning fragments Strike one match on each match container (see A.2) and record any loss of burning fragments from the friction surface A n n e x D (normative) Method of test for impact r e s i s t a n c e D.l Hold the full match container of matches such that the wall of the container adjacent to the match heads is downwards and, at the time of release, parallel to a smooth, level concrete impact surface Release the full match container on to the impact surface from a height of (1 200 ± 50) mm NOTE Some large match containers of matches contain the product in two compartments with the match heads in each half pointing towards the central dividing wall This type of match container should be dropped such that the impact occurs squarely on the largest face of the match container D.2 Record any ignition of the contents or the release of any separated individual matches in excess of % of the contents of the match container A n n e x E (normative) E n v i r o n m e n t a l and toxicological t e s t s E l Determination of sulfur dioxide emission E l l Reagents During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only distilled water or water of equivalent purity E.l 1.1 0,01 moles per litre iodine solution made by dissolving 2,54 g of iodine and 25 g of potassium iodide in 11 of distilled water; E.l 1.2 Sodium bicarbonate The apparatus shown in Figure E.l is assembled and 10 ml of the iodine solution is pipetted into the absorption bottle Approximately 50 ml of water is added together with g of sodium bicarbonate © BSI March 2003 13 EN 1783:1997 E.l.2 Apparatus E.1.2.1 Glass tube handle E 1.2.2 Soldering iron, of power rating 40 W E 1.2.3 Cotton wool plug E.l.2.4 Three necked flask, of capacity 500 ml E 1.2.5 Dreschel bottle, of capacity 125 ml E.1.2.6 Vacuum pump E.l.3 Procedure E 1.3.1 Assemble the apparatus as shown in Figure E.l Pipette 10 ml of the iodine solution (E.l.1.1) into the Dreschel bottle (E 1.2.5) Add approximately 50 ml of water together with g of sodium bicarbonate (E.l 1.2) Draw a stream of air through the apparatus, such that when a match is inserted, no smoke escapes from the flask and all smoke is drawn through the solution Insert the matches, one at a time, into the three-necked flask until they touch the hot soldering iron and ignite Continue to insert matches until the iodine is decolourized or until 75 matches have been ignited, whichever is the sooner Record the number of matches ignited E 1.3.2 Determine the head mass on a sample of 50 matches by carefully scraping off the heads and weighing them E.1.4 Expression of results E 1.4.1 Method of calculation Calculate the sulfur dioxide emission as milligrams of sulfur dioxide per gram of head composition using one of the following formulae: If the test is terminated when 75 matches have been struck calculate the sulfur dioxide emission from: 0, 0853 w If the test is terminated when less than 75 matches have been struck calculate the sulfur dioxide emission from: s < s= Nx w where: N w S is the number of matches ignited; is the head mass in grams; is the sulfur dioxide emission in mg/g of head composition E.2 Determination of heavy metal content E.2.1 Reagents During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only distilled water or water of equivalent purity E.2.1.1 Concentrated nitric acid, analytical grade reagent E.2.1.2 Distilled water E.2.2 Apparatus E.2.2.1 Glass beaker, of capacity 100 ml E.2.2.2 Watch glass E.2.2.3 Graduated flask, of capacity 100 ml E.2.2.4 Filter funnel 14 © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 E.2.2.5 Cellulose ashless quantitative filter paper with the following characteristics: a) particle retention of 16 (imm; b) thickness of 0,22 mm; c) mass of 95 g/m2; d) ash content of typically 0,007 % NOTE Whatman grade 43 has been found to be suitable E.2.3 Procedure E.2.3.1 Prepare a test solution by carefully scraping the heads from 50 matches and weigh them into the beaker NOTE The same heads used to determine the head mass in E l can be used Add 10 ml of nitric acid, cover with a watch glass, and boil gently for h Cool the solution and dilute to 50 ml with distilled water Filter the solution into the 100 ml graduated flask and wash the filter paper with distilled water, adding the washings to the graduated flask Add sufficient distilled water to adjust the solution volume to the mark on the graduated flask E.2.3.2 Prepare a blank solution in an identical way to the test solution but without the addition of the match heads to be analyzed with each set of test samples NOTE This is required to check on the purity of the reagents and to correct the results for the blank contribution E.2.3.3 Either analyze the solution by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to assess the concentration of heavy metal or use an alternative method of analysis which is of equivalent sensitivity and accuracy E.2.3.4 Expression of results Express the heavy metal content in parts per million of head composition using the following formula: = 100;y w where: w is the mass of match heads, in grams; y is the heavy metal concentration of the solution in mg/1; z is the concentration of heavy metal content in mg/kg of head composition E.3 Biological test, determination of 24h-EC(I)50 value (see ISO 6341:1989) E.3.1 Reagents E.3.1.1 Distilled water E.3.2 Apparatus E.3.2.1 Glass beaker, of capacity 500 ml E.3.2.2 Magnetic stirrer E.3.2.3 Filter funnel E.3.2.4 Filter paper (see E.2.2.4) E.3.3 Procedure Take 25 matches and weigh Place the matches in the beaker (E.3.2.1) with 250 ml of distilled water (E.3.2.2) and stir with the magnetic stirrer (E.3.2.2) for 16 h to 18 h at ambient temperature At the end of the period filter the solution and determine the 24h-EC(I)50 value on the filtrate in accordance with ISO 6341:1989 E.3.4 Expression of results Express the results in grams of matches per litre © BSI March 2003 15 EN 1783:1997 F i g u r e E l — A p p a r a t u s for t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of s u l f u r dioxide e m i t t e d f r o m burning matches 16 © BSI March 2003 EN 1783:1997 A n n e x F (informative) Bibliography FEPA 43-GB, Standard for coated abrasive grains of fused alumina and silicon carbide.1) i) FEPA 43-GB issued by Federation Europeene des Fabricants de Produits Abrasifs, 20 Avenue Reille, F 75014 Paris, France © BSI March 2003 17 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is 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