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BRITISH STANDARD Plastics piping systems for the transport of water intended for human consumption Ð Migration assessment Part Determination of migration values of plastics pipes The European Standard EN 852-1 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BS EN 852-1 : 1996 BS 2782 : Part 11 : Method 1122A : 1996 BS EN 852-1 : 1996 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/61, Plastics piping systems and components, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Gas Plc British Plastics Federation British Plumbing Fittings Manufacturers' Association British Valve and Actuator Manufacturers' Association Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management Department of the Environment (British Board of AgreÂment) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Property and Buildings Directorate) Department of Transport Electricity Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Health and Safety Executive Institute of Building Control Institute of Materials Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Mechanical Services Contractors Pipeline Industries Guild Plastics Land Drainage Manufacturers' Association Society of British Gas Industries Society of British Water Industries Water Companies Association Water Services Association of England and Wales The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1996 BSI 1996 ERA Technology Ltd Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association RAPRA Technology Ltd Amendments issued since publication Amd No The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PRI/61 Draft for comment 92/47152 DC ISBN 580 26266 Date Text affected BS EN 852-1 : 1996 Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword Method Scope Normative references 3 Definitions Principle Reagents Test temperatures Apparatus Test pieces Procedure 10 Expression of results 11 Test report Annexes A (normative) Test liquids B (normative) Additional procedures for testing pipes with nominal size in excess of 80 C (informative) Bibliography Figures B.1 Test arrangement B.2 Test arrangement B.3 Cross section pipe segment 10 BSI 1996 i BS EN 852-1 : 1996 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PRI/61 and is the English language version of EN 852-1 : 1996 Plastics piping systems for the transport of water intended for human consumption Ð Migration assessment Ð Part 1: Determination of migration values of plastics pipes, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) It is incorporated into BS 2782 Methods of testing plastics Part 11: Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and valves, as Method 1122A : 1996, for association with related test methods for plastics materials and plastics piping components This test method has been prepared for reference by other standards under preparation by CEN for specification of plastics piping systems and components It has been implemented to enable experience of the method to be gained and for use for other fresh applications It is also for use for the revision or amendment of other national standards as practicable, but it should not be presumed to apply to the purposes of BS 6920 or to any other existing standard or specification which contains or makes reference to a different test method until that standard/specification has been amended or revised to make reference to this method and adjust any requirements as appropriate Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ISO 3696 : 1987 BS EN ISO 3696 : 1995 Water for analytical laboratory use Ð Specification and test methods BS 6068 Water quality Part Physical, chemical and biochemical methods Section 2.26 : 1986 Method for determination of free chlorine and total chlorine : colorimetric method using N,N-diethyl1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes ISO 7393-2 : 1985 NOTE There is no British Standard identical to EN 1420-1 pending the ratification thereof and its implementation as BS EN 1420-1 NOTE In equation B.3 the preferred expression for `tg (¯ a)' is `tan (¯ a)' NOTE In B.5, to clarify the variables a and a, references should have been made in the text to figure B.3 and a should be taken to mean the arc length on the inside surface of the pipe segment Also in B.5, in the second paragraph and in the two definitions of A, reference is made to a `hatched circle segment', but no hatched area is shown on the figures in EN 852-1 : 1996 as ratified Pending issue of a correction, the area A should be interpreted as corresponding to the cross-sectional area of the channel provided by the test piece G to contain the relevant liquid when arranged as shown in figure B.1 Hence A is the area of the segment of the cross section shown in figure B.3 as bounded by the pipe internal cross section up to the height h This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover Warning note This British Standard, which is identical with EN 852-1 : 1996, does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations ii BSI 1996 EN 852-1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÊENNE EUROPẰISCHE NORM May 1996 ICS : 23 040 20 Descriptors: Water pipelines, potable water, plastics tubes, tests, estimation, migrations, components English version Plastics piping systems for the transport of water intended for human consumption Ð Migration assessment Ð Part 1: Determination of migration values of plastics pipes SysteÁmes de canalisations plastiques pour le transport d'eau destineÂe aÁ la consommation humaine Ð EÂvaluation de la migration Ð Partie 1: DeÂtermination des valeurs de migration des tubes plastiques Kunstoff-Rohrleitungssysteme fuÈr den Transport von Wasser fuÈr den menschlichen Verzehr Ð Bewertung der Migration Ð Teil 1: Bestimmung der Migrationswerte von Kunststoff Rohren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-01-27 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all countries to CEN and its members Ref No EN 852-1 : 1996 E Page EN 852-1 : 1996 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 155, Plastics piping systems and ducting systems, the secretariat of which is held by NNI, and consists of two Parts: ± Part 1: Determination of migration values of plastics pipes; ± Part 2: Determination of the number of migrations and conversion of laboratory values This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1996 It is based on ISO 8795 : 1990 Plastics pipes for the transport of water intended for human consumption Ð Extractibility of constituents Ð Test method, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) It differs from ISO 8795 : 1990 due to the need for the test method to be applicable to European conditions and practice The main modifications are: a) test liquids: ± pH 11, which is not a European condition, is deleted; ± pH has been changed to pH 9, to cover European conditions (see Directive 80/778/EEC Appendix 1.B); ± addition of test liquid with an active chlorine content of mg/l; b) a stagnation period has been added; c) exposure time: 72 h is specified; d) temperatures: 27 ÊC is deleted (tropical condition not relevant to Europe); 70 ÊC is specified for moderate hot water conditions; e) large diameter pipes: a test arrangement for large diameter pipes has been added Annex A, which is normative, describes the preparation of test liquids Annex B, which is normative, describes additional procedures for testing pipes with nominal sizes in excess of 80 Annex C, which is informative, gives a bibliography When a standard on this subject covering the requirements in the referring standard is issued by CEN/TC 164, this CEN/TC 155 standard will be withdrawn This standard is one of a series of standards on test methods which support system standards for plastics piping systems and ducting systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BSI 1996 Page EN 852-1 : 1996 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the migration of constituents from the internal surface of plastics pipes Organoleptic and microbiological assessments are not included This standard is applicable to all plastics pipes to be used for the transport of water intended for human consumption and raw water used for the manufacturing of water intended for human consumption It covers all constituents which are extractable by water from a finished pipe It provides for a change in procedure as necessary depending upon the size of the pipe For each application and each material, the relevant test conditions need to be stated in the system standard concerned Normative references This standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies EN 1420-1 ISO 3696 : 1987 ISO 7393-2 : 1985 Influence of materials on water intended for human consumption Ð Organic materials Ð Pipes, fittings and their coatings used in piping systems Ð Odour and flavour assessment of water Ð Part 1: Test method Water for analytical laboratory use Ð Specification and test methods Water quality Ð Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine Ð Part 2: Colorimetric method using N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply: 3.1 migration Movement of substances from one material (plastics pipe) into another (test liquid) 3.2 test liquid A specified water for migration testing 3.3 migration value (M) The mass of constituent(s) migrated from a specified inner surface area of a pipe test piece exposed to a test liquid at a specified temperature over a specified time 3.4 tapwater Water intended for human consumption Principle Test pieces are subjected to stagnation and prewashing with tapwater for a specified time The test pieces are then filled with the specified test liquid at a specified temperature and kept for a series of specified migration periods The test liquid is then analysed to assess any constituents which were able to migrate NOTE It is assumed that the following test parameters are set by the standard making reference to this standard: a) the test liquid(s) (see 5.2); b) the test temperature, T, if other than as given in clause 6; c) the number of pairs of test pieces (see 8.3); d) the constituents for which analysis is to be made both upon test pieces and the blank test and the required accuracy, taking account of 9.5 (see also clause 10) Reagents 5.1 Water, conforming to grade of ISO 3696 : 1987, with the following characteristics: a) a conductivity of # 10 mS/m at 25 ÊC; b) total organic carbon (TOC) content # 0,2 mg/l (as carbon); c) negligible concentrations of any measurable substances that could interfere with measurements to determine a) and b) 5.2 Test liquids NOTE Methods for the preparation of test liquids are given in annex A 5.2.1 Water, conforming to 5.1 5.2.2 Chlorinated water, conforming to 5.1 with an active chlorine concentration of (1 ± 0,2) mg/l 5.2.3 Acidic water, comprising water conforming to 5.1, adjusted to a pH of (4,5 ± 0,1) with a KH2PO4 buffer solution conforming to A.1.2 5.2.4 Chlorinated acidic water, comprising water conforming to 5.1, adjusted to a pH of (4,5 ± 0,1) with a KH2PO4 buffer solution conforming to A.1.2 and an active chlorine concentration of (1 ± 0,2) mg/l 5.2.5 Alkaline water, comprising water conforming to 5.1, adjusted to a pH of (9,0 ± 0,1) with a boric acid buffer solution conforming to A.1.3 5.3 Selection of test liquids 5.3.1 For cold water applications the test liquids shall conform to 5.2.1 to 5.2.5 inclusive 5.3.2 For warm and hot water applications (see clause 6) the test liquid shall conform to 5.2.1 BSI 1996 Page EN 852-1 : 1996 Test temperatures Procedure Unless otherwise specified in the referring standard, the test temperature shall be selected as follows: a) for cold water applications the test temperature is (23 ± 2) ÊC; b) for warm water applications the test temperature is either (60 ± 2) ÊC or (70 ± 2) ÊC, depending upon the class of pipe; c) for hot water applications the test temperature is (90 ± 2) ÊC 9.1 General Apparatus 7.1 Connections, stoppers and containers, made of material which is inert at the specified test conditions, such as glass or PTFE or stainless steel (see also annex B) NOTE The material PTFE should only be used when there is a small contact area with the test liquid, thus not for containers 9.1.1 Carry out the procedures given in 9.2 to 9.5 in duplicate at the same time Complete the sequence consisting of stagnation (9.2), prewashing (9.3) and finally migration (9.4) within 10 days (see 9.1.2) 9.1.2 Carry out a blank test in parallel with 9.1.1, using the same test conditions (test liquid, test temperature, migration time and stoppers) in a container of sufficient volume conforming to 7.1, but made of glass Determine at the end of each migration period (see 9.4) the concentration, C0, of each specified constituent [see d) of the note to clause 4] and associated interfering substances with the required accuracy NOTE If a bulk supply of test liquid is used for the duplicate test then one blank test is sufficient 9.2 Stagnation time 7.2 Thermostatically controlled environment or enclosure, capable of maintaining the relevant test temperature(s) (see clause 6) 9.2.1 Pipes to be tested at 23 ÊC Test pieces 9.2.1.2 Fill the test piece with tapwater and let it stand for (24 ± 0,5) h at the test temperature (see clause 6) 8.1 General The test pieces shall have an age of at least 14 days after manufacturing of the pipe 8.2 Preparation For each test, take two test pieces from a pipe, each of sufficient length and surface to give the volume of the test liquid necessary to determine, with the required accuracy, the amount of any migrated consituent(s) The value of S/V shall not be less than (dm21), where: S V is the inner surface area of test piece, in square decimetres, exposed to the test liquid; is the volume of test liquid, in litres; except as follows For pipes with nominal sizes in excess of 80, where the S/V value of cannot be conformed to, then the test arrangement shall be adjusted to one of the methods as given in annex B NOTE The value of S/V is dependent on the analytical requirements for each specific constituent of interest, particularly the minimum concentration to be determined [see d) of the note to clause 4] The lowest value for S/V is then determinant 8.3 Number The number of pairs of test pieces shall be as specified in the referring standard 9.2.1.1 Close one end of each test piece, using a stopper (see 7.1) 9.2.1.3 After this period remove the water and stopper Prewash the test piece in accordance with 9.3 9.2.2 Pipes to be tested at elevated temperatures 9.2.2.1 Close one end of each test piece using a stopper (see 7.1) 9.2.2.2 Fill the test piece with tapwater at the test temperature (see clause 6) and let it stand for (7,5 ± 0,5) h at the test temperature 9.2.2.3 After this period, remove the water and refill the test piece with fresh tapwater which has been brought to the test temperature and let it stand for (16 ± 0,5) h at the test temperature 9.2.2.4 After this period, remove the water and stopper Prewash the test piece in accordance with 9.3 9.3 Prewashing 9.3.1 Connect the test piece to a source of tapwater via a suitable connector (see 7.1) such that the test surface is totally covered during prewashing 9.3.2 Let the tapwater flow through the test piece with a velocity between m/min and m/min 9.3.3 Maintain the water flow for a period between 60 and 70 9.3.4 Stop the water flow and rinse out the test piece using water conforming to 5.1 9.4 Migration test 9.4.1 Close one end of each test piece, which has been subjected to the prewashing, using a stopper (see 7.1) BSI 1996 Page EN 852-1 : 1996 9.4.2 Fill the test piece with the specified test liquid (see clause and 5.2) Close the other end of each test piece using a stopper (see 7.1) and maintain the filled test piece at the specified temperature for (72 ± 1) h 9.4.3 For the first migration, at the end of the first test period remove the stopper, empty the test liquid from the test piece into a suitable container Determine to the specified accuracy the amount of each specified constituent present, C1 (see 9.5 and clause 10) 9.4.4 For any subsequent migration n repeat the steps 9.4.2 and 9.4.3 to determine Cn where n corresponds to the number of times those steps have been carried out (the migration number) NOTE The total number of migrations should conform to the requirements of EN 852-2 9.5 Analysis of constituents While maintaining the necessary precautions for the test piece integrity, transfer the test liquid to be analysed into a container of inert material (see 7.1) and, if applicable, allow to cool down to (23 ± 2) ÊC Carry out the required analysis for extracts using appropriate analytical methods where the extracted substances to be determined and the limits of detection and accuracy, i.e total tolerable random (precision) and systematic (bias) error of the analytical results, shall be as specified in the referring standards 10 Expression of results The measured concentrations of the relevant constituent(s) shall be expressed in milligrams per litre The migration value, M, for a migrated constituent shall be calculated using the following equation: V M24 = C72 3 S where: M24 is the migration value, in milligrams per square decimetres per 24 h; C72 is the concentration of the migrated amount of each constituent, in milligrams per litre over a period of 72 h, where C72 = C1 { or Cn} C0; V is the volume of test liquid, in litres; S is the inner surface area of test piece, in square decimetres, exposed to the test liquid The results for M and C shall be expressed as MTt;a and CTt;a where T t a is the migration temperature, in degrees Celsius; is the migration time, in hours; is the sequence number of the migration period BSI 1996 EXAMPLES: is M for the first migration at 23 ÊC for a M23 24;1 migration time, t, of 72 h divided by 3; is M for the third migration at 70 ÊC for a M70 24;3 migration time, t of 72 h divided by 3; 23 is C for the first migration at 23 ÊC for a C72;1 migration time, t, of 72 h; is C for the third migration at 70 ÊC for a C70 72;3 migration time, t, of 72 h NOTE The migration value M is independent of the size of the pipe tested and is expressed in mass per unit area per unit time While the migration time is 72 h and the unit time is 24 h the factor 1/3 is introduced in the equation For practical reasons it is assumed that the migration is linear in time From the expression of M as MTt;a it is easy to read which migration time, in hours, and which migration temperature, in degrees Celsius, and which sequence number of the migration period was used 11 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this standard and to the referring standard; b) a complete identification of the pipe test piece tested, including the following: 1) name of manufacturer and production site; 2) name and type of material; 3) pipe marking including production code; 4) dimensions of the sample: nominal size and nominal wall thickness; 5) description of the test piece; c) the analytical method, its accuracy and the detection limit used for the determination of the constituent(s) concerned; d) the volume of the test liquid, V, in litres, and the inner surface area of the test piece exposed to the test liquid, S, in square decimetres; e) the test liquid, the type of buffer and the test temperature; f) concentrations CT72;a and C0 in milligrams per litre (mg/1) and the calculated migration value MT24;a in milligrams per square decimetre, 24 h [mg/(dm2´24 h)] of each constituent determined for each of the two test pieces after the first and any subsequent migration; g) the arithmetic mean of CT72;a and MT24;a of the duplicate test pieces (see 9.1.1) for each constituent determined after the first and any subsequent migration; h) any factors which may have affected the results, such as any incidents or any operating details not specified in this standard; i) the date of test Page EN 852-1 : 1996 Annex A (normative) Test liquids A.1 Chemical solutions A.1.1 Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution A solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in water conforming to 5.1 with a concentration of 0,1 % by mass available chlorine is prepared on the day of use by dilution of a sodium hypochlorite solution (technical grade) with water conforming to 5.1 NOTE The sodium hypochlorite solution is not sufficiently stable for prior preparation A.1.2 Acidic buffer solution (pH 4,5) An acidic buffer solution is prepared by dissolving 13,61 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) in 1000 ml of water conforming to 5.1 and diluting this solution by : 100 with water conforming to 5.1 1,2 ml 0,1 N HCl per litre diluted solution is then added A.1.3 Alkaline buffer solution (pH 9,0) An alkaline stock buffer solution is prepared by mixing a solution A and 1000 ml of solution B as follows Solution A shall comprise 420 ml of 0,1 N sodium hydroxide in water conforming to 5.1 Solution B is made by dissolving 6,18 g of boric acid in 0,1 M potassium chloride made with water conforming to 5.1 and diluting to (1000 ± 1) ml with the same (0,1 M potassium chloride) solution This alkaline stock buffer solution is diluted : 100 with water conforming to 5.1 A.2 Preparation of test liquids A.2.1 Water having an active chlorine concentration Add a sufficient quantity of a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution conforming to A.1.1 to water conforming to 5.1 to give an active chlorine concentration of (1,0 ± 0,2) mg/l Determine this concentration according to ISO 7393-2 A.2.2 Acidic water Add to water conforming to 5.1 enough phosphate buffer solution conforming to A.1.2 to obtain a pH of (4,5 ± 0,1) A.2.3 Acidic water with an active chlorine concentration Determine in accordance with ISO 7393-2 the active chlorine concentration in the acidic water conforming to A.2.2 Add a sufficient quantity of a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution conforming to A.1.1 to give an active chlorine concentration of (1,0 ± 0,2) mg/l A.2.4 Alkaline water Add to water conforming to 5.1 enough alkaline buffer solution conforming to A.1.3 to obtain a stable pH of (9,0 ± 0,1) Annex B (normative) Additional procedures for testing pipes with nominal size in excess of 80 B.1 Arrangements for testing Use the test arrangements shown in figures B.1 and B.2 Take precautions to ensure that there is no loss of test liquid during the migration periods B.2 Flushing of the test piece Flush the test piece in accordance with either 9.3 or, to avoid the use of large quantities of water, the procedure given in annex B of EN 1420-1 In case of dispute, the procedure given in 9.3 shall be used B.3 Blank test Carry out the blank test in accordance with 9.1.2, ensuring that all materials that will come into contact with the test liquid will be included in the blank test and that they are present at the same S/V ratio as in the actual test arrangement B.4 Sealing Silicone will not be used for sealing Seal the test assembly by mechanical fixing as follows Secure the end pieces against the pipe segments to provide a seal e.g by means of clamps or bolts If a seal cannot be achieved then use PTFE tape or film in the form of a gasket, with minimal surface in contact with test liquid (see 7.1) B.5 Calculation of the S/V value for test arrangement Calculate the S/V value for test arrangement B.1 when S and V are calculated as follows From the cross section of the pipe segment calculate the arc length a and the surface area A of the hatched circle segment using the following equations a a= πdi (B.1) 360 where: a di a is the arc length, in millimetres; is the internal diameter of the pipe from which the segment is taken, in millimetres; is the sector angle, in degrees i.e cos (¯a) = di 2h di (B.2) where: h is the height of the segment, in millimetres a ïp(d )2 A= i [(¯di h) tg (¯ a)] (B.3) 360 BSI 1996 Page EN 852-1 : 1996 where: A a h di is the surface area of the hatched circle segment, in square millimetres; is the sector angle, in degrees; is the height of the segment, in millimetres; is the internal diameter of the pipe from which the segment is taken, in millimetres S = 1024 a L where: S a L is the inner surface area of the test piece (pipe segment), in square decimetres, exposed to the test liquid; is the arc length of the pipe segment, in millimetres; is the length of the pipe segment, in millimetres V = 1026 A L where: V A L 1) (B.4) is the volume of the test liquid, in litres; is the surface area of the hatched circle segment, in square millimetres; is the length of the pipe segment, in millimetres under preparation BSI 1996 (B.5) Annex C (informative) Bibliography Directive 80/778/EEC Directive of the Council of July 15, 1980, relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption 1) Plastics piping systems for the EN 852-2 transport of water intended for human consumption Ð Migration assessment Ð Part 2: Determination of the number of migrations and conversion of laboratory values Page EN 852-1 : 1996 A B C D Cover of glass or stainless steel Filling and/or air-escape hole End piece of stainless steel Length of test piece = L E F G Test piece Clamps or bolts Test piece completely filled with test liquid Figure B.1 Test arrangement BSI 1996 Page EN 852-1 : 1996 A B C D E F G Top plate of glass or stainless steel Pipe wall Cylinder of glass or stainless steel Test liquid (completely filled) PTFE seal between pipe section and plate Bottom plate of glass or stainless steel Filling and/or air-escape hole in top plate Figure B.2 Test arrangement BSI 1996 Page 10 EN 852-1 : 1996 a h arc length pipe segment height of pipe segment Figure B.3 Cross section pipe segment BSI 1996 BS EN 852-1 : 1996 List of references See national foreword BSI 1996 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI Ð British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical 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