00346232 PDF BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 538 1994 Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Flexural strength test The European Standard EN 538 1994 has the status of a British Standard UDC 691 424 666[.]
BRITISH STANDARD Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Flexural strength test The European Standard EN 538:1994 has the status of a British Standard UDC 691.424.666.74:620.17 BS EN 538:1994 BS EN 538:1994 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/542, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1994 © BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/542/3 Draft for comment 91/16433 DC ISBN 580 23104 Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Institut belge de normalisation Dansk Standard Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y Association franỗaise de normalisation Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V Hellenic Organization for Standardization Technological Institute of Iceland National Standards Authority of Ireland Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Inspection du Travail et des Mines Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norges Standardiseringsforbund Instituto Portugs da Qualidade Asociación Espola de Normalización y Certificación Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Association suisse de normalisation British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Comments BS EN 538:1994 Contents Cooperating organizations National foreword Foreword Text of EN 538 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible National annex NB (informative) Cross-references © BSI 08-1999 Page Inside front cover ii Inside back cover Inside back cover i BS EN 538:1994 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/542, Roofing and cladding products for discontinuous laying, and is the English language version of EN 538:1994, Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Flexural strength test, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) EN 538 partially replaces BS 402:1990, which will be withdrawn in due course EN 538 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 08-1999 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 538 NORME EUROPÉENNE May 1994 EUROPÄISCHE NORM UDC 691.424.666.74:620.17 Descriptors: Ceramics, roofing tiles, determination, flexural strength, break strength English version Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Flexural strength test Tuiles de terre cuite pour pose en discontinu — Détermination de la résistance la rupture par flexion Tondachziegel für überlappende Verlegung — Prüfung der Biegetragfähigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-05-18 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 538:1994 E EN 538:1994 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 128, Roof covering products for discontinuous laying, the Secretariat of which is held by ON This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1994, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1994 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom Contents Foreword Scope Normative references Symbols and abbreviations Test principle Samples Apparatus Test procedure 7.1 Plain tiles 7.2 Tiles with sidelock and headlock, tiles with sidelock only, and overlapping tiles 7.3 Over and under tiles 7.3.1 Tiles without nibs 7.3.2 Tiles with nib(s) with or without flat bottom Test report Figure — Test principle Figure — Test for plain tiles Figure — Test method for interlocking tiles Figure 4.1 — Test with contoured hardwood shim Figure 4.2 — Test with contoured hardwood shim (variation for tiles with no flat area) Figure 5.1 — Test with moulded plaster shim Figure 5.2 — Test with moulded plaster shim (variation) Figure — Test on over and under tiles without nibs Figure — Test for over and under tiles with nibs not resting on one generatrix Figure — Test for over and under tiles with nibs resting on one generatrix only Page 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 © BSI 08-1999 EN 538:1994 Scope Samples This European Standard describes the test method used to evaluate the flexural strength of clay roofing tiles as defined in the standard EN 1304 Clay roofing tiles — Product definitions and specifications Other physical characteristics are dealt with by the standard EN 539 Clay roofing tiles — Determination of physical characteristics: Impermeability and frost resistance The evaluation of flexural strength is made on ten samples each one consisting of a whole tile dried in ambient air If the tiles have been subjected to humidity, they shall be dried in a laboratory atmosphere before testing (temperature + 10 °C and + 40 °C, relative humidity less than 90 %) Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies EN 1304, Clay roofing tiles — Product definitions and specifications1) EN 539, Clay roofing tiles — Determination of physical characteristics EN 539-1, Impermeability test EN 539-2, Frost tests1) ISO 48:1979, Vulcanized rubbers — Determination of hardness (Hardness between 30 and 85 IRHD) Symbols and abbreviations L F Overall length of tile Load at failure Apparatus The apparatus consists of: — a device that applies a load with an accuracy of % and a load increase rate of 0.05 kN/s; — a system used as lower bearers and, depending on the type of tile, either made up of rods or half-rods, one of which is articulated in order to rotate in a vertical plane and obtain as uniform a load distribution as possible on the sample, or for some over and under tiles by a flat plate supporting the tile; — a round steel bar fitted to the bottom of the load application device The upper and lower bearers shall have a radius of between 15 mm and 20 mm and a length greater than the width of the tile to be tested; — a set of hardwood shims used for chocking the lower bearers as defined in 7.2; — a hardwood shim adapted to the shape of the tile as defined in 7.2, should this chocking system be preferred to the plaster shim type; For apparatus where the weight of the tile and fittings is taken into account when reading the load, the corresponding tare is not included in the failure load value Test procedure Test principle 7.1 Plain tiles Verification of the ability of the product to resist a centred load when subjected to flexion on two simple bearers Place the tile on the two lower bearers (see Figure 2) so that: — the first bearer is in the position normally occupied by the batten; — the second bearer is separated from the first by a distance equal to two thirds of the overall length (L) of the tile Place this assembly in such a position that the load application bar is parallel to the two lower bearers and equidistant from both Note the distance between the bearer axes Apply the test load progressively at a rate of not more than 0,05 kN/s until the sample fails Figure — Test principle 1) In preparation © BSI 08-1999 EN 538:1994 Note the value (F) of the load at failure, expressed in kN and rounded off to two decimal points Place the assembly in such a position that the load application bar is parallel to the two lower bearers and equidistant from both Note the distance between the bearer axes Apply the load progressively at a rate of 0,05 kN/s until the sample fails Note the value (F) of the load at failure, expressed in kN, and rounded off to the nearest two decimal points 7.3 Over and under tiles 7.3.1 Tiles without nibs Figure — Test for plain tiles 7.2 Tiles with sidelock and headlock, tiles with sidelock only and overlapping tiles Place the tile on the two lower bearers in the same horizontal plane (see Figure 3) so that: — the first bearer is in the position normally occupied by the batten; — the second bearer is separated from the first by a distance equal to two-thirds of the overall length (L) of the tile In order to ensure that the tile remains in a stable position, use wooden shims of the same width as the upper shim to support the tile on the lower bearers, and a shim adapted to fit the shape of the tile for the upper bearer This upper support can be obtained either by using a contoured hardwood shim (Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2) or a moulded plaster one (Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2) to keep the load application bar horizontal The contoured piece of wood has a strip of rubber on the part in contact with the tile This mm-thick strip shall have a specified IRHD hardness 50 ± 5, measured as per ISO 48:1979 The width of the contoured hardwood shim or moulded plaster shim shall be equal to the diameter of the load application bar Place the tile, with its concavity facing downward in a horizontal position, on the plate of the apparatus so that the load application bar is in contact with the tile’s upper generatrix and the bar’s horizontal pin is approximately halfway between the two ends of the tile (see Figure 6) Apply the load progressively at a rate of approximately 0,05 kN/s until the sample fails Note the value (F) of the load at failure, expressed in kN and rounded off to the nearest two decimal points Determine the average load at failure as the arithmetical mean of ten readings expressed in kN and rounded off to two decimal points 7.3.2 Tiles with nib(s) with or without flat bottom Place the tile on the two lower bearers (see Figure and Figure 8) so that: — the first bearer is in the position normally occupied by the batten; — the second bearer is separated from the first by a distance equal to two-thirds of the overall length (L) of the tile In the case of tiles that lie only on one generatrix, hold the sample in place by using shims at one end (see diagram for method, Figure 8) Place the assembly in such a position that the load application bar is parallel to the two lower bearers and equidistant from both Note the distance between the bearer axes Apply the load progressively at a rate of approximatively 0,05 kN/s until the sample fails Note the value (F) of the load at failure, expressed in kN and rounded off to the nearest two decimal points Determine the average load at failure as the arithmetical mean of ten readings expressed in kN and rounded off to the nearest two decimal points © BSI 08-1999 EN 538:1994 Figure — Test method for interlocking tiles Figure 4.1 — Test with contoured hardwood shim © BSI 08-1999 EN 538:1994 Figure 4.2 — Test with contoured hardwood shim (variation for tiles with no flat area) Figure 5.1 — Test with moulded plaster shim © BSI 08-1999 EN 538:1994 Figure 5.2 — Test with moulded plaster shim (variation) Figure — Test on over and under tiles without nibs © BSI 08-1999 EN 538:1994 Test report The test report shall specify: — the European standard number, EN 538; — the name of the test laboratory; — the date on which the laboratory received the sample; — the test date; — a description and identification of the tile, including the type, the length and the width, the manufacturer’s name and, where possible, the production date; — the distance between the centres of the lower bearers, except for over and under tiles without nibs; — the load at failure for each tile, expressed to the nearest 0.01 kN; — the minimum load registered at failure; — the mean load at failure; — comments if necessary; — signature of the person responsible for the test NOTE A tile’s flexural strength depends on its shape Consequently, the values indicated in the report cannot be compared directly from one type of tile to another Figure — Test for over and under tiles with nibs not resting on one generatrix Figure — Test for over and under tiles with nibs resting on one generatrix only © BSI 08-1999 BS EN 538:1994 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/542, Roofing and cladding products for discontinuous laying, to Subcommittee B/542/3, Clay roofing tiles, upon which the following bodies were represented: Clay Roofing Tile Council Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) National Clayware Federation National Federation of Roofing Contractors National House-building Council Royal Institution of British Architects National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Publication referred to EN 539-1:1994 ISO 48:1979 © BSI 08-1999 Corresponding British Standard BS EN 539 Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Determination of physical characteristics Part 1:1994 Impermeability test BS 903 Physical testing of rubber Part A26:1969 Determination of hardness BS EN 538:1994 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual 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