www bzfxw com BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 623 1 1995 Advanced technical ceramics — Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties — Part 1 Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration t[.]
BRITISH STANDARD Advanced technical ceramics — Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties — Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests The European Standard EN 623-1:1995 has the status of a British Standard BS EN 623-1:1995 BS EN 623-1:1995 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics, upon which the following bodies were represented: AEA Technology Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd British Industrial Ceramic Manufacturers’ Association Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Flat Glass Manufacturers’ Association GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Institute of Refractories Engineers Ministry of Defence Refractories Association of Great Britain Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited University of Manchester This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1995 Amendments issued since publication © BSI 07-1999 Amd No The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPI/13 Draft for comment 92/45757 DC ISBN 580 24518 Date Comments BS EN 623-1:1995 Contents Committees responsible National foreword Foreword Text of EN 623-1 © BSI 07-1999 Page Inside front cover ii i BS EN 623-1:1995 National foreword This Part of BS EN 623 has been prepared by Technical Committee RPI/13 and is the English language version of EN 623-1:1995, Advanced technical ceramics — Monolithic ceramics — General and textural properties — Part : Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) This standard supersedes BS 7134-1.1:1989 which is withdrawn EN 623-1 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part Cross-reference Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ENV 1006:1993 DD ENV 1006:1994 Advanced technical ceramics Methods of testing monolithic ceramics Guidance on the sampling and selection of test pieces A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 07-1999 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 623-1 NORME EUROPÉENNE January 1995 EUROPÄISCHE NORM ICS 81.060.20 Descriptors: Ceramics, quality, liquid penetrant tests, determination, defects, visual examination English version Advanced technical ceramics — Monolithic ceramics — General and textural properties — Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests Céramiques techniques avancées — Céramiques monolithiques — Propriétés générales et texturales — Partie 1: Détermination de la présence de défauts l’aide d’essai de ressuage Hochleistungskeramik — Monolithische Keramik — Allgemeine und strukturelle Eigenschaften Teil 1: Prüfung auf Anwesenheit von Oberflächenfehlern durch Farbstoffeindringtests ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-01-04 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref No EN 623-1:1995 E EN 623-1:1995 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 184, Advanced technical ceramics, the secretariat of which is held by BSI This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 1995 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom EN 623 consists of four Parts — Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests; — Part 2: Determination of density and porosity; — Part 3: Determination of grain size (ENV); — Part 4: Determination of surface roughness (ENV) Contents Foreword Scope Normative reference Apparatus Test pieces Procedure Examination Test report Annex A (informative) References Page 3 3 4 Inside back cover ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ © BSI 07-1999 EN 623-1:1995 Scope This Part of EN 623 describes qualitative methods for determination of the presence of defects in advanced monolithic technical ceramics by dye penetration tests The results are reported as visual observations of dye penetration Three methods are described — Method A: A fuchsine dye test (see 5.1) which is suitable for white or pale coloured ceramic products, performed using an evacuation technique — Method B: A fluorescent dye test (see 5.2) which is suitable particularly for those products where the purple fuchsine has insufficient visual contrast with the ceramic, performed using a proprietary test kit — Method C: A fuchsine dye test (see 5.3) which is performed by simple immersion in or spraying with a dye solution, suitable for routine testing for major defects NOTE It is important to note that these methods allow only certain types of defects to be detected Defects which are not revealed by these methods, but which may influence properties and performance include cracks or pores not connected to the surface, inclusions, certain types of grinding damage, and residual stresses NOTE Interpretation of results may become more difficult with increasing porosity of the test pieces NOTE General principles of dye penetration tests may be found in EN 571-1 A test suitable for high-voltage insulators using high-pressure dye penetration is cited in IEC 672 This test is more searching for open porosity than any of the above methods 3.3 Open mesh container, fabricated from ceramic or other non-metallic material, and of size appropriate to the test pieces (see clause 4) 3.4 For method B, a source of ultraviolet light 3.5 For method A, an airtight vessel 3.6 Low power microscope 3.7 Appropriate dye solutions Test pieces Materials for testing should be sampled in accordance with the guidance given in ENV 1006 Test pieces should be whole items, or, where this is not possible, fragments of ceramic products in which broken surfaces are exposed Where required, test pieces should be conditioned to remove absorbed organic material, such as grinding coolant This may be done by firing in an oxidizing atmosphere to 600 °C ± 50 °C, maintaining this temperature for h If this treatment leads to annealing or oxidation of the surface of the test piece, use an alternative treatment, e.g h at 400 °C ± 50 °C in a vacuum oven ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Normative reference This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies ENV 1006, Advanced technical ceramics — Methods of testing monolithic ceramics — Guidance on the sampling and selection of test pieces Apparatus 3.1 For method A, evacuating equipment, capable of reducing the pressure to a value not greater than 500 Pa, having a means of measuring the pressure used 3.2 Drying oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 °C ± °C © BSI 07-1999 Procedure 5.1 Method A: Fuchsine dye test using evacuation Place the dry test pieces in the container (3.3) and immerse the container in a solution of fuchsine dye in industrial methylated spirits [(ethanol) concentration 16 g/l] contained in an airtight vessel NOTE The choice of solvent for the dye may be important in tests on non-oxide materials Normally, for oxides, industrial methylated spirits (ethanol) is adequate, but if problems of wetting arise it is necessary to experiment with different solvents Necessary precautions in handling solvents should be taken Seal the vessel and reduce the pressure using the evacuating equipment (3.1), until the solution boils Maintain this reduced pressure for Allow the contents of the vessel to return to atmospheric pressure, and remove the test pieces from the solution Thoroughly wash the test pieces with a warm solution of soap or detergent to remove surface dye NOTE Mechanical brushing may be used Rinse the test pieces in water, and dry them in air at 110 °C ± °C Examine the test pieces under good illumination, by eye or with a low power microscope, according to the size of the features expected EN 623-1:1995 5.2 Method B: Fluorescent dye test b) general surface absorption; Place the dry test pieces in the container (3.3) and immerse the container in a solution of fluorescent penetration fluid, obtained from a dye penetration kit NOTE Strong surface absorption of dye, especially fuchsine dye (see 5.1) is indicative either of surface porosity in unmachined ceramics only, or of surface damage and micro-cracking in machined and unmachined ceramics, or both NOTE This test is carried out at ambient temperature and pressure c) no effect After 15 min, remove the excess fluid in accordance with the instruction for the dye kit Should the instructions specify a developer, follow the procedure given so that all surfaces of the test pieces are evenly coated Examine the test pieces under ultraviolet light NOTE Ultraviolet lamps should be operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s safety instructions 5.3 Method C: Fuchsine dye test using immersion or spraying For the immersion test, place the dry test pieces in the container (3.3) and immerse the container in a solution of fuchsine dye in industrial methylated spirits (ethanol) (concentration 16 g/l) See 5.1, note Alternatively, a fuchsine dye testing kit may be used Agitate the container for at least 30 s and remove from the solution For the spraying test, spray the test-pieces with fuchsine dye solution prepared as above until all surfaces are well covered Allow to stand for at least 30 s Thoroughly wash the test-pieces with warm solution of soap or detergent to remove surface dye NOTE Mechanical brushing may be used Rinse the test pieces in water and dry them in air at 110 °C ± °C If appropriate, apply the dye testing kit developer Examine the test pieces under good illumination, by eye or with a low power microscope according to the size of the features expected NOTE This procedure is not as rigorous as method A, but is generally adequate for inspection of significant cracking or porosity NOTE If no effect is observed when testing a material for the first time, a check on the ability of the solvent to wet the ceramic is recommended The solvent should be changed and the test repeated if there is any doubt Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the name of the testing establishment; b) the date of the test, unique identification of the report and each page, customer name and address, and signatory; c) a reference to this European Standard, i.e “Determined in accordance with EN 623-1”; d) the description of the test material (material type, manufacturing code, batch number, date of receipt); e) the shape and surface condition of the test pieces, including whether or not they were broken and the presence of any glaze (see clause 4); f) any conditioning treatment (see clause 4); g) the method used (A, B or C, see clause 5) including any changes made to the choice of solvent; h) for method A, the pressure to which the vacuum chamber was reduced, where appropriate (see 5.1); i) means used to examine the test pieces, including the degree of any magnification; j) for each test piece, one of the three conditions described in clause 6, including whether or not the test piece was broken after testing; k) comments about the test or test results ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ Examination The presence of dye colouration after any of the tests is an indication of penetration via cracks or other defects The report shall include details of observations as follows: a) clearly defined localized or linear penetration showing the presence of discrete surface defects or cracks; NOTE The presence of dye may be confirmed by breaking the test pieces to observe a cross section NOTE The determination of the presence of small defects (< 50 µm) is uncertain and depends on the techniques employed © BSI 07-1999 EN 623-1:1995 Annex A (informative) References EN 571-1, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles for the examination IEC 672, Ceramic and glass insulating products ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ © BSI 07-1999 BS EN 623-1:1995 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: 020 8996 9001 Fax: 020 8996 7001 In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: 020 8996 7111 Fax: 020 8996 7048 Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: 020 8996 7002 Fax: 020 8996 7001 Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the internationalstandardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager Tel: 020 8996 7070