BS EN 476:2011 BSI Standards Publication General requirements for components used in drains and sewers BS EN 476:2011 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 476:2011 It supersedes BS EN 476:1998, BS EN 773:1999 and BS EN 1293:1999, which are withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/505, Waste Water Engineering A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 476:2011 as a British Standard However, attention is drawn to the fact that, despite taking an active part in the discussions leading to the drafting of the standard, the UK committee consistently voted against it This was due to BS EN 476:2011 dictating what is specified in material-specific standards This can cause problems where dimensional requirements and performance class intervals are specified, whereas the design needs for a specific material may require alternative values to be implemented instead The UK committee also had concerns that some parts of the definitive criteria in EN 476 are in conflict with national regulations In particular, the committee sees the dimensioning of “Manholes with access for cleaning and inspection by personnel in only exceptional circumstances” as an invitation to accept potentially dangerous situations This is contrary to established UK good practice (see Approved Document H (Drainage and waste disposal) to the Building Regulations and the National Annex to BS EN 752, clause NA.12) which demands that, should personnel need to enter a manhole, it should be designed for safe working, irrespective of how infrequently the need may arise This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © BSI 2011 ISBN 978 580 62261 ICS 23.040.01; 91.140.80; 93.030 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2011 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 476:2011 EN 476 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM January 2011 ICS 93.030 Supersedes EN 1293:1999, EN 476:1997, EN 773:1999 English Version General requirements for components used in drains and sewers Exigences générales pour les composants utilisés pour les branchements et les collecteurs d'assainissement Allgemeine Anforderungen an Bauteile für Abwasserleitungen und -kanäle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 November 2010 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 476:2011: E BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Symbols and abbreviations 9 5 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4 Dimensional requirements 9 General 9 Dimensions of pipes and fittings 9 Nominal sizes 9 Internal diameters and tolerances 10 Geometrical characteristics of pipes 10 Geometrical characteristics of fittings 11 Dimensions of manholes and inspection chambers 12 General 12 Manholes with access for cleaning and inspection by personnel 12 Manholes with access for cleaning and inspection by personnel in only exceptional circumstances 12 Inspection chambers 13 Interconnection 13 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 Performance requirements 14 Mechanical resistance of pipes and fittings 14 Mechanical strength of pipes and fittings in the cross section 14 Longitudinal bending moment resistance 15 Mechanical resistance of manholes, shafts and inspection chambers above the base unit 15 General 15 Circular sections 15 Other shapes 15 Tapers, reducing and cover slabs 15 Tightness 16 Maximum internal test pressure 16 Seals for joints 17 Rigid joints 17 Joint deflection 17 Joint shear load 18 Restrained joints 18 Continuity of invert 18 Temperature 18 Dimensional stability 19 Smoothness of bore 19 Appearance 19 Corrosion resistance 19 Abrasion resistance 19 Coatings and linings 19 Long-term behaviour 19 Durability 20 Sealing elements 20 Resistance against cleaning operations 20 Handling 20 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 7 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.1.5 7.1.6 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 Test methods 20 Measurement of dimensions 20 Mean internal diameter of barrels 20 Mean external diameter of barrels 20 Spigots and sockets 20 Wall thickness of barrels 20 Deviation from straightness of barrels 21 Deviation from squareness of the ends of the pipes 21 Load bearing capacity tests 21 Load bearing capacity tests for pipes 21 Load bearing capacity tests for sections of manholes and shafts 22 Longitudinal bending moment resistance test for pipes 22 Tightness tests 22 Tightness test of pipes, fittings, manholes and inspection chambers 22 Tightness test of joints 24 Test methods for discharge components for use inside buildings 24 8 Marking, labelling and packaging 25 Bibliography 26 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Foreword This document (EN 476:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165 “Waste water engineering”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2011 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 476:1997, EN 773:1999 and EN 1293:1999 The specifications of this standard have been based on the requirements for wastewater systems specified in EN 752 and EN 12056 This document is the result of merging EN 476, EN 773 and EN 1293 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies general requirements for components inside and outside buildings (see EN 12056-1) such as pipes, fittings and manholes with their respective joints intended for use in discharge pipes, drains and sewers which operate as gravity systems allowing for a maximum pressure of 40 kPa It also specifies general requirements for components used in hydraulically and pneumatically pressurised discharge pipes, drains and sewers It provides basic specifications to be respected in material related product standards for these applications It is not applicable for the direct evaluation of products It is applicable as a reference for drawing up a product specification, if there is no product standard available NOTE Where the term "inside buildings" is used in the context of components fixed inside buildings, it also includes discharge pipes and fittings fixed on external surfaces of buildings This European Standard covers components to be used in conveying in a satisfactory manner: domestic wastewater; rainwater and surface water; and other waste waters acceptable for discharge into the system (e.g industrial wastewater) This European Standard applies to components of circular and other cross sections This European Standard applies equally to components which are factory-made and to those constructed on site, where applicable This European Standard does not apply to components used for trenchless construction according to EN 14457 and for components used for renovation of drains and sewers according to EN 13380 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 124, Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular and pedestrian areas — Design requirements, type testing, marking, quality control EN 681-1, Elastomeric seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications — Part 1: Vulcanized rubber EN 681-2, Elastomeric Seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications — Part 2: Thermoplastic elastomers EN 681-3, Elastomeric seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications — Part 3: Cellular materials of vulcanized rubber EN 681-4, Elastomeric seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications — Part 4: Cast polyurethane sealing elements EN 805:2000, Water supply — Requirements for systems and components outside buildings BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) EN 1085:2007, Wastewater treatment — Vocabulary EN 13101, Steps for underground man entry chambers — Requirements, marking, testing and evaluation of conformity EN 14396, Fixed ladders for manholes EN 14801, Conditions for pressure classification of products for water and wastewater pipelines ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1085:2007 and EN 805:2000 and the following apply 3.1 hydraulically pressurised system system where flow is caused by hydraulic pressure and where the pipe normally operates full 3.2 pneumatically pressurized system system where flow is caused by pneumatic pressure which can be applied either as compressed air upstream or partial vacuum downstream and where the pipe normally operates full 3.3 nominal size DN numerical designation of size of component, which is a convenient integer approximately equal to a manufacturing dimension in millimetres and can apply to either the internal diameter (DN/ID) or the external diameter (DN/OD) NOTE DN/OD pipes with solid or hollow spiral or annular profiled external surface and outside smooth spigot jointing dimensions, and with larger OD than the spigot may be designated by the spigot dimension 3.4 external diameter OD mean external dimension of the pipe barrel at any cross section where for pipes with external profiles on the barrels, the external diameter is the maximum diameter when viewed in cross section 3.5 internal diameter ID mean internal dimension of the pipe barrel at any cross section 3.6 pipe barrel cylindrical part of the pipe with a uniform longitudinal profile excluding socket and spigot 3.7 invert lowest point of the internal surface of the barrel of a pipe or channel at any cross section BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 3.8 rigid pipe pipe, the load carrying capacity of which is limited by breaking or overstressing, without significant deformation of its cross section 3.9 semi-rigid pipe pipe whose load carrying capacity is limited either by deformation/overstressing (flexible behaviour) or by breaking (rigid behaviour) depending on its ring stiffness 3.10 flexible pipe pipe, the load carrying capacity of which is limited by diametral deformation under load to the ultimate design criteria without breaking or overstressing 3.11 joint connection between the adjacent ends of two components including the means of sealing 3.12 adjustable fitting fitting which is designed to permit specific angular deflection at the time of installation (for pressurized and vacuum systems) 3.13 adjustable joint joint which permits significant angular deflection at the time of installation but not thereafter 3.14 flexible joint joint which permits angular deflection 3.15 rigid joint joint that does not permit angular deflection 3.16 restrained joint joint in which a means is provided to prevent separation 3.17 proof load specified test load which a component withstands where the related requirements of the product standard are met 3.18 ultimate load load which causes failure of a component (under test) which shall be as specified in product standards 3.19 crushing strength load per unit length a rigid pipe is required to withstand in kN/m 3.20 ring stiffness resistance of a pipe to diametral deflection in response to external loading applied along one diametric plane given as follows: BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) S = E⋅I Dm 3.21 manhole chamber with a removable cover constructed on a drain or sewer to permit entry by personnel [EN 752:2008, 3.41] NOTE Examples are given in Figure Key adjusting unit reducing slab base unit shaft unit cover slab taper chamber unit NOTE Joint details have been omitted for clarity NOTE Precast base slabs of structures can be integral with the base unit or a separate slab incorporating construction joints Figure — Description of manhole and inspection chamber components 3.22 inspection chamber chamber with a removable cover constructed on a drain or sewer that permits the introduction of cleaning and inspection equipment from surface level, but does not provide access for personnel [EN 752:2008, 3.34] BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Performance requirements 6.1 Mechanical resistance of pipes and fittings 6.1.1 Mechanical strength of pipes and fittings in the cross section Mechanical strength requirements according to Table shall be specified in product standards Depending on the material, additional requirements can be necessary Table — Mechanical requirements of pipes and fittings in the cross section Gravity Drains and sewers outside buildings a Minimum crushing strength or minimum ring stiffness values or both requirements and/or any other relevant requirements such as creep values Strength classes (kN/m) or stiffness classes (kN/m 2), if more than one, shall be separated by at least 20 % of the next class inside buildings Pressurised Requirements to be specified in product standards hydraulically pneumatically Appropriate strength requirements for pipes shall be specified in product standards Pipes, fittings and joints shall be capable of withstanding a transient pressure of 80 kPa below atmospheric, approximately 20 kPa absolute pressure Crushing strengths, strength or stiffness classes, bending moment resistance, long-term hydrostatic strength a Where appropriate, pressure classes for components shall be given in product standards When product standards specify pressure classes, the related PMA, PFA and PEA values shall be given (see EN 14801) Pipes and, where appropriate, fittings shall be classified according to their characteristic structural behaviour This behaviour can depend on: the material, particularly its ability to either deform, and/or crack and/or rupture at failure under load; the geometry, diameter, shape and wall thickness; the internal pressure in service (if applicable); the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding materials and support, after installation The load bearing capacity of components shall take into account all their relevant factors for safe and reliable operation in systems, in particular: the minimum and maximum operation temperatures and the temperature-induced loads; the effects of constant or variable long term loading on the material properties; the effects of potential hazards such as ground subsidence; the effects of buoyancy, where it may occur As such, product standards shall specify: 14 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) the minimum and maximum operation temperatures (see 6.5) related to mechanical and internal pressure strength stated; material properties, e.g creep, fatigue; and longitudinal bending resistance Product standards shall state methods by which resistance to internal and external loadings is assessed This can be specified by crushing strength test, maximum load deformation test, internal and external pressure strength tests or by calculation Values shall be declared Pipes can be defined as "flexible", "semi-rigid" or "rigid" as defined in Clause The failure load for flexible, semi-rigid or rigid pipes causes excessive deformation or rupture or unacceptable cracking of the pipes and can lead for example to: buckling of the wall, significant creep in the material, unacceptable cracking of coatings, loss of tightness in joints and reduction in hydraulic capacity 6.1.2 Longitudinal bending moment resistance Long rigid or semi-rigid pipes of small diameters shall have a satisfactory longitudinal bending moment resistance The values shall be specified in product standards and expressed in kN/m (see 7.3) 6.2 Mechanical resistance of manholes, shafts and inspection chambers above the base unit 6.2.1 General For manholes and inspection chambers appropriate strength requirements shall be specified in product standards Mechanical behaviour of manholes can be specified by testing and/or calculation taking into account the long term behaviour Crushing strength (kN/m), and/or axial load (kN/unit) and/or ring stiffness (kN/m2) classes if more than one, shall be separated by at least 20 % of the next lower class 6.2.2 Circular sections Circular sections shall have minimum crushing strengths and/or stiffness values, whichever is applicable, stated in product standards (see 7.2.2.1) Rigid circular sections shall have a minimum crushing strength of 25 kN per metre length per metre internal diameter for nominal sizes less than or equal to DN 1000 For nominal sizes greater than DN 1000 the minimum crushing strength shall be 25 kN per metre length, or 30 kN per metre length if tested in a vertical position (see 7.2.2.1) Flexible circular sections for use in carriageways, hard shoulders and parking areas shall have a minimum initial stiffness value of 2,0 kN/m 6.2.3 Other shapes Requirements for other shapes of construction shall be comparable to the requirements of 6.2.2 (see also 7.2.2.1) 6.2.4 Tapers, reducing and cover slabs Requirements for tapers, reducing and cover slabs shall be specified in product standards Tapers for manholes shall withstand the test load in accordance with EN 124 according to their place of installation (see 7.2.2.3) 15 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Reducing slabs for manholes shall withstand an ultimate load of at least 300 kN or a proof load of 120 kN (see 7.2.2.2) when used in carriageways, hard shoulders and parking areas When load-distribution slabs are necessary, dimensions and performance requirements shall be specified in product standards 6.3 Tightness 6.3.1 Test pressure Pipes, manholes, inspection chambers, fittings and joints shall be designed and manufactured to ensure tightness throughout design life under the design loading conditions The internal test pressure shall be according to Table Product standards shall specify the respective tests Table — Internal test pressure gravity Drains and sewers Test pressure outside buildings internal water pressure kPa rising to 50 kPa a,b inside buildings internal water pressure kPa rising to 50 kPa and internal air pressure of kPa to kPa c manholes minimum internal water pressure 50 kPa inspection chambers for depths ≤ m: water equal to the total filling hydraulically maximum internal water pressure ≥ PEA of the component under static conditionsd for depths > m: water internal pressure minimum 50 kPa pressurised and minimum internal transient pressure ≥ 80 kPa below atmospheric (approximately 20 kPa absolute pressure) e pneumatically maximum internal water pressure ≥ PEA (water) of the component under static conditions d and minimum internal transient pressure ≥ 80 kPa below atmospheric (approximately 20 kPa absolute pressure) e a Moisture adhering to the external surfaces shall not constitute leakage b Where the watertightness of the joint assembly is mainly dependent on internal pressure, an additional external hydrostatic pressure test or a partial vacuum test shall be carried out c The above requirement does not apply to rainwater systems fixed externally to the building d Where the watertightness of the joint assembly is mainly dependent on external pressure, an additional external hydrostatic pressure test or a partial vacuum test shall be carried out e Where the airtightness and watertightness of the joint assembly is mainly dependent on internal air pressure below atmospheric, an additional external hydrostatic pressure test or a partial vacuum test shall be carried out 16 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 6.3.2 Seals for joints Sealing materials shall conform to the requirements according to EN 681-1, EN 681-2, EN 681-3 or EN 681-4 as appropriate The seals shall be designed in such a way as to ensure long term tightness, taking into account the properties of the sealing materials (e.g elasticity, strength, relaxation, temperature sensitivity) and the possibility of movements during the design lifetime of the system 6.3.3 Rigid joints Product standards shall state the performances of rigid joints and shall specify the necessary test methods assessing their tightness 6.3.4 Joint deflection When tested with the specified joint deflection value, a, in accordance with Table and illustrated in Figure 5, flexible joints, adjustable joints and adjustable fittings which include flexible joints shall be watertight and airtight (if applicable) Key a joint deflection value in mm Figure — Joint deflection value Table — Minimum joint deflection a Dimensions in millimetres DN Gravity systems a Pressurised systems a semi flexible flexible DN < 300 30 30 60 300 ≤ DN ≤ 600 20 20 40 600 < DN ≤ 000 10 10 20 DN > 000 10 × 000/DN 10 × 000/DN 20 × 000/DN 17 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 6.3.5 Joint shear load Flexible joints, adjustable joints and adjustable fittings which include flexible joints shall be watertight when tested under the following conditions: the joint subjected to a shear force expressed in newtons at least 10 × DN or where appropriate (e.g flexible pipes), to a diametral deflection applied to the spigot near the joint of at least % of the external pipe diameter; or a combination of the joint shear load and joint deflection in accordance with 6.3.4 Product standards shall state test methods by which watertightness is assessed 6.3.6 Restrained joints Restrained joints (see 3.16) shall be capable of withstanding the end thrust due to internal pressure and, where applicable, due to temperature fluctuation and the longitudinal contraction of the pipe under internal pressure due to the Poisson effects Where available, performances of restrained joints shall be specified in product standards 6.4 Continuity of invert When tested in the factory, joints shall have a continuity of invert within the following calculated maximum tolerances: ≤ DN/OD 315 or DN/ID 300: mm step; > DN/OD 315 or DN/ID 300: 0,02 mm × DN, no step to be greater than 30 mm Product standards shall detail the dimensions or the method of calculation or the test method by means of which compliance with this clause shall be demonstrated 6.5 Temperature Pipes, fittings and joints shall be suitable for a continuous water discharge at temperatures according to Table Temperature resistance tests may be specified in product standards 18 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Table — Temperature resistance pressurised gravity Drainage system 6.6 Maximum temperature outside buildings Pipes, fittings and joints shall be suitable for a continuous water discharge temperature of 45 °C in the case of ≤ DN 200, or of 35 °C for > DN 200 inside buildings Pipes, fittings and joints excluding rainwater systems shall be suitable for a maximum intermittent wastewater temperature of 95 °C, at the point of entry to the pipe system (see 7.4.3.3) manholes and inspection chambers Connecting points: 45 °C in the case of ≤ DN 200, or of 35 °C for > DN 200 hydraulically Pipes, fittings and joints, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, shall be suitable for a continuous water discharge temperature of 45 °C in the case of ≤ DN 200, or of 35 °C for > DN 200 pneumatically Pipes, fittings and joints, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, shall be suitable for a continuous water discharge temperature of 45 °C Dimensional stability Rigid pipes and fittings and pipe joints shall be dimensionally stable, when installed For flexible and semi-rigid pipes and fittings, the practical admissible deformation when installed, shall be stated in product standards by giving both short-term and long-term values A test for ring flexibility shall be stated in product standards, where appropriate 6.7 Smoothness of bore The interior surfaces of pipes and fittings shall be of an even texture inherent to the method of manufacture and free from visible defects that may adversely affect their hydraulic performance Where appropriate, product standards shall specify the acceptable imperfections, or specific hydraulic performance test for which consideration shall be given to the effects of joint geometry 6.8 Appearance Pipes, fittings and joints shall be free from defects which could impair their performance in service 6.9 Corrosion resistance Components shall be resistant to corrosion by domestic wastewater, surface water and the effects of soil and ground water Corrosion resistance tests can be specified in product standards 6.10 Abrasion resistance Pipes and fittings shall be resistant to abrasive effects of hard particles in domestic wastewater and surface water Abrasion resistance tests can be specified in product standards 6.11 Coatings and linings Where appropriate, coatings, linings or other protective measures shall be specified in product standards 6.12 Long-term behaviour Where appropriate, long-term behaviour of components shall be specified in product standards 19 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 6.13 Durability Product standards shall give details of characteristics which are relevant to the durability of the finished product 6.14 Sealing elements Sealing elements as specified by the component manufacturer shall usually be supplied together with the components 6.15 Resistance against cleaning operations Product standards shall provide justifying statements concerning components for resistance against cleaning operation 6.16 Handling When equipped with handling devices (anchors, handling rings), product standards shall provide justifying statements concerning pipes, fittings and manholes in order to ensure their safe handling Test methods 7.1 7.1.1 Measurement of dimensions Mean internal diameter of barrels Where measurement of internal diameter is a requirement of the product standard, it shall be carried out near to all ends of the component At least two measurements shall be taken near each end and the mean internal diameters calculated The measurements shall be taken at approximately equal angular spacing If an internal circumferential tape is used, one measurement near each end is sufficient 7.1.2 Mean external diameter of barrels Where measurement of external diameter is a requirement of the product standard, it shall be carried out near all ends of the component in a similar manner to that in 7.1.1, or by calculation from the circumference near all ends of the component 7.1.3 Spigots and sockets Where measurement of spigots and sockets is a requirement of the product standard, it shall be carried out at the outside diameter of the spigot and the inside diameter of the socket At least two measurements shall be taken near each end and the mean diameters calculated If a circumferential tape is used, one measurement is sufficient 7.1.4 Wall thickness of barrels Where measurement of wall thickness is a requirement of the product standard, it shall be carried out near all ends of the component Thickness of circular pipes shall be measured near each end with a minimum of three points Thickness of non circular pipes shall be measured near each end with a minimum of four points The measurements shall be taken at approximately equal angular spacing Alternatively minimum and maximum values shall be determined near each end 20 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 7.1.5 Deviation from straightness of barrels Where measurement of deviation from straightness is a requirement of the product standard, the method of measurement shall be stated Deviation shall be measured at the centre point of a line of length not less than two thirds of barrel length 7.1.6 Deviation from squareness of the ends of the pipes Where measurement of deviation from squareness is a requirement of the product standard, the method of measurement shall be stated 7.2 Load bearing capacity tests 7.2.1 7.2.1.1 Load bearing capacity tests for pipes Crushing test The test shall be carried out on rigid pipes on a test machine having: a load recording facility; a stiff loading beam the lower face of which is a bearer having an elastomeric bearing strip of thickness from 10 mm to 40 mm and hardness between 45 IRHD and 65 IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree) in accordance with ISO 48 The maximum width of the bearing strip shall be in accordance with Table Table — Maximum width of the elastomeric bearing strip Nominal Diameter Maximum width of the elastomeric bearing strip mm DN ≤ 400 50 400 < DN ≤ 200 100 DN > 200 150 A lower bearer on which is located a V-shaped support which is either covered with or has two bearing strips of elastomeric material having the same thickness and hardness as that on the loading beam The included angle (β) of the V shall not be less than 150° The test consists of subjecting a complete pipe or pipe section to the action of a uniformly distributed load For example, bearers may be divided into sections to achieve uniform distribution The test load shall be applied symmetrically over the entire bearer length The position of the load may be adjusted to maintain stability During application of at least the final third of the specified load, the rate of increase of load shall be constant and this period of loading shall be at least 30 s Where the cross section of the pipe does not allow the test method to be used, the product standard shall state an appropriate test method to obtain a comparable load bearing capacity The maximum allowable tolerance of the testing machine load shall be specified in the product standard 21 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 7.2.1.2 Ring stiffness test This test shall be carried out on flexible pipes on a test machine, having load and deformation recording facilities The product standard shall state whether the bearer and the beam shall be flat steel plates (with no bearing faces or strips) or as described in 7.2.1.1 The method of determination of ring stiffness and creep value shall be specified in each product standard 7.2.2 Load bearing capacity tests for sections of manholes and shafts 7.2.2.1 General Components shall be tested in accordance with 7.2, except that for convenience, it is permitted to carry out the test in the vertical position 7.2.2.2 Load bearing capacity test for reducing slabs The test shall be carried out on a test machine having a load recording facility During application of at least the final third of the specified load, the rate of increase of load shall be constant and this period of loading shall be at least 30 s The load shall be applied to a complete reducing slab, until either the proof or ultimate load, as required, is achieved 7.2.2.3 Load bearing capacity test for tapers Where a loading test for tapers is a requirement in the product standard, a test method shall be given in the product standard 7.3 Longitudinal bending moment resistance test for pipes Where longitudinal bending moment resistance is required, the following test criteria shall be specified in the product standard: the test shall be carried out on a test machine having a load recording facility; the pipe to be tested shall be supported at each end and symmetrically loaded (3 or point loading) so that it will break with one circumferential crack; the span shall be not less than × DN, expressed in millimetres; the supports shall be designed to produce vertical reactions only 7.4 7.4.1 Tightness tests Tightness test of pipes, fittings, manholes and inspection chambers The test method, the test period and the test requirements (e.g water addition to maintain the test pressure) shall be stated in product standards taking into account the requirements specified in Table and Table 10 22 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Table — Tightness test of pipes, fittings, manholes and inspection chambers Drainage system Test method gravity outside buildings The watertightness test shall be carried out at ambient temperature, under hydrostatic pressure as stated in Table for a period of at least 15 (preconditioning time not included) The test pieces shall be clamped into a suitable test apparatus, shall be filled with water slowly and vented completely They may be preconditioned with water prior to testing inside buildings The watertightness test shall be carried out on one or more pipes or pipe sections at ambient temperature, under hydrostatic pressure as stated in Table for a period of at least 15 (preconditioning time not included) The test pieces shall be clamped into a suitable testing apparatus, shall be filled with water slowly and completely vented They may be preconditioned with water prior to testing hydraulically The test shall be carried out on one or more pipes or pipe sections at ambient or elevated temperature, under hydrostatic pressure as stated in Table and Table for a period of at least 15 (preconditioning time not included) Where applicable, a test shall be carried out on one or more pipes or pipe sections, under partial vacuum pneumatically The test shall be carried out under pressure below atmospheric for at least one hour on one or more pipes or pipe sections at ambient or elevated temperature as stated in Table pressurised 23 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) 7.4.2 Tightness test of joints Table 10 — Tightness test of joints Drainage system Test method gravity These tests are for joints between two pipes, and a pipe and a manhole base or an inspection chamber base outside buildings The tests shall be carried out on pipes or pipe sections jointed and supported in such a way that they can move in relation to each other to the limits of the requirements stated in product standards for a period of at least (preconditioning time not included) These shall include tests for joint deflection and shear or a combination of both, under hydrostatic pressure as stated in Table Where appropriate, shear shall be replaced by diametral deflection Minimum joint deflection values, a, shall be in accordance with the values according to Table inside buildings These tests are for joints between two pipes, and a pipe The tests shall be carried out on pipes or pipe sections jointed and supported in such a way that they can move in relation to each other to the limits of the requirements stated in product standards for a period of at least (preconditioning time not included) These shall include tests for joint deflection and shear or a combination of both, under hydrostatic pressure as stated in 7.4.3 Where appropriate, shear shall be replaced by diametral deflection Minimum joint deflection values, a, shall be in accordance with the values according to Table pressurized hydraulically The tests shall be carried out on two pipes or pipe sections jointed and supported in such a way that they can move in relation to each other to the limits of the requirements stated in product standards The test conditions shall be as specified in Table It is permissible for product standards to combine the tightness tests of pipes and joints Test methods for restrained joints shall be specified in product standards, where appropriate pneumatically The tests shall be carried out on two pipes or pipe sections jointed and supported in such a way that they can move in relation to each other to the limits of the requirements stated in product standards The test conditions shall be as specified in Table It is permissible for product standards to combine the tightness tests of pipes and joints Test methods for restrained joints shall be specified in product standards, where appropriate 7.4.3 7.4.3.1 Test methods for discharge components for use inside buildings Watertightness test The watertightness test shall be carried out on one or more pipes or pipe sections at ambient temperature, under hydrostatic pressure as stated in Table The test pieces shall be clamped into a suitable testing 24 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) apparatus They shall be filled with water and completely vented They may be preconditioned with water prior to testing The test method, the test period, the water addition to maintain the test pressure and where applicable the angular deflection shall be stated in product standards 7.4.3.2 Airtightness test Product standards shall state a test method to assess the compliance of the joint assembly with the requirement of Table 7.4.3.3 Elevated temperature cycling test An elevated temperature cycling test shall be carried out on a test assembly, including pipes and fittings, defined in product standards in a condition as installed The test assembly shall be subjected to the passage of hot and cold water according to the following schedule for 500 cycles: a) (30 ± 1) l of water at a temperature of (93 ± 2) °C over a period of min, at a constant rate of flow; b) rest and drain period of min; c) (30 ± 1) l of water at a temperature of (15 ± 5) °C over a period of min, at a constant rate of flow; d) rest and drain period of The water temperature shall be measured at the point of entry When filled with water (15 ± 5) °C to a pressure of 35 kPa at the lowest point and a minimum of kPa at the inlet point, the test assembly shall not leak either before or after thermal cycling Product standards shall specify the maximum value of sagging, if applicable Marking, labelling and packaging Product standards shall specify the marking requirements Each component or, where this is not possible, each package of components, shall be marked indelibly and in a clearly visible manner and identification of the component shall be made in such a way that no doubt is possible Marking shall include at least the following information: European Standard number (product standard number); identification of manufacturer and site of production; identification of date or period of manufacture; identification of Third Party Certification Body (if applicable); identification of classes, where applicable; identification of use, where applicable 25 BS EN 476:2011 EN 476:2011 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 752:2008, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings [2] EN 12056 (all parts), Gravity drainage systems inside buildings [3] EN 13380, General requirements for components used for renovation and repair of drain and sewer systems outside buildings [4] EN 14457, General requirements for components specifically designed for use in trenchless construction of drains and sewers 26 This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards 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