Api publ 4641 1996 scan (american petroleum institute)

A P I P U B L * 96 2 0 5 335 American Petroleum Institute % ~ `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Summary of Produced Water Toxicity Identification Evaluation Research Health and Environmental Sciences Department Publication Number 4641 June 1996 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale A P I P U B L * 96 = 0732290 0557427 Envirairmental Parfiabtp One of the most significant long-term trends affecting the future vitality of the petroleum industry is the public’s concerns about the environment Recognizing this trend, API member companies have developed a positive, forward-looking strategy called STEP: Strategies for Today’s Environmental Partnership This program aims to address public concerns by improving our industry’s environmental, health and safety performance; documenting performance improvements; and communicating them to the public The foundation of STEP is the API Environmental Mission and Guiding Environmental Principles API ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION AND GUIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES The members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resources and supplying high quality products and services to consumers The members recognize the importance of efficiently meeting society’s needs and our responsibility to work with the public, the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound manner while protecting the health and safety of our employees and the public To meet these responsibilities, API members pledge to manage our businesses according to these principles: To recognize and to respond to community concerns about our raw materials, products and operations To operate our plants and facilities, and to handle our raw materials and products in a manner that protects the environment, and the safety and health of our employees and the public To make safety, health and environmental considerations a priority in our planning, and our development of new products and processes To advise promptly, appropriate officials, employees, customers and the public of information on significant industry-related safety, health and environmental hazards, and to recommend protective measures To counsel customers, transporters and others in the safe use, transportation and disposal of our raw materials, products and waste materials To economically develop and produce natural resources and to conserve those resources by using energy efficiently To extend knowledge by conducting or supporting research on the safety, health and environmental effects of our raw materials, products, processes and waste materials O To commit to reduce overall emission and waste generation C To work with others to resolve problems created by handling and disposal of hazardous substances from our operations + To participate with government and others in creating responsible laws, regulations and standards to safeguard the community, workplace and environment To promote these principles and practices by sharing experiences and offering assistance to others who produce, handle, use, transport or dispose of similar raw materials, petroleum products and wastes `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale Summary of Produced Water Toxicity Identification Evaluation Research Health and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4641 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: JOHNS BROWN HELDER J COSTA ARTHURD LITTLE,INC ACORNPARK CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02140 THEODOR SAUER BAITELLE OCEAN SCIENCES DUXBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 02332 JANUARY 1996 American Petroleum Institute Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - API PUBL+4b4L î b m 0732290 0557428 L O m API P U B L r 96 0732290 0557429 044 FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES,LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULAmONS SHOULDBE REVIEWED API IS NOT UNDERTAKING To MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFACTURERS,OR SUPPLERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY M I PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COVERED BY LETïERS PATENT NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUEDAS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR I"GEMENT OF LETIERS PATENT Copyright O 19% American P c ~ l e w nïnstiMe Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS iii Not for Resale A P I PUBL*464L 96 0732290 5 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS - THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONSOF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPûRT Alexis E Steen, Health and EnvironmentalSciences Department Joseph P Smith, Chairman,Exxon Production Research Company Kris Bansal, Conoco inc Lewis M Cook, Chevron Research & Tech Company Andrew H Glickman,Chevron Research & Tech Company Jeny E Hail, Texaco EPTD Susan Moore, Amoco Corporation James P.Ray, Shell Oil Company Lawrence A Reitsema, Marathon Oil Company Carlos Simon, Texaco, inc Davis Taggart, Amoco Production Company The authors would also like to thank Mr Timothy Ward, of T.R Wilbury Laboratories, and his staff for their performanceof the toxicity tests, technical support for the fractionatiodmanipulationexperiments,and technical insight regarding the interpretation of the bioassay results Ms Susan O’Neil, Ms Cherie Howell, and Ms Lea Monaghan were exceptionalin their performanceof the produced water fractionatiodmanipulation experiments, and provided invaluable support for the development of the interim study reports prepared for API iv `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale A P I PUBLs4b4L 9b 2 0557433 T TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE e5-1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1-2 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY METHODS 2-1 SAMPLING 2-1 INlTIAL PROCESSING 2-1 FRACTIONATION AND TOXICITY TESTING 2-6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ACE/BCE/NCE FRACTIONATION METHOD VALIDATION 2-10 3-1 POTENTIAL PW TOXICANTS 3-3 EFFECTS OF SALINlTY/IONiC IMBALANCES 3-4 EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN 3-6 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ISOLATION OF ACID/BASE/NEUTRAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 3-7 3-10 SUITABILITY OF TEST SPECIES 3-10 TOXICITY TEST REPRODUCIBILITY 3-11 EXPERIMENTAL LIMITATIONS 3-12 LESSONS LEARNED 4-1 SUGGESTIONS FOR CARRYING OUT PRODUCED WATER TIES 4-3 REFERENCES R-1 PARTICULATES ASSOCIATED WITH PHCHANGE LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A SOP API-"EPW1 A-1 B-1 APPENDIX C SOP API-TIEPW3 C-1 APPENDIX D SUMMARY OF RESEARCH DATA D-1 APPENDIX B SOP API-TIEPW2 `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale A P I PUBL*i50% pH Adiustment PH3 pH1 O O Nitrogen Aeration pHi O PH3 pH1 O O Air Aeration pHi PH3 pH1 O O O Filtration O O pHi PH3 pH1 + Organic CmDd Isolation ACE at p H BCE at p W NCE Graduated pH " O - No difference "+" - Possible difference "i+ - Distinct " difference O O O N NP - Test not performed N - No pattern observed D-11 `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale A P I PUBL*4b43 ï b Table D-8 0732290 5 959 Summary of Phase High-Salinity Fraction Toxicity (24-hr Static Acute Test LC50 Values with Mysidopsis bahia) Relative to Whole Produced Water (pHi denotes initial pH of the PW as received) Produced Water Fraction Initiai (Day i) LC50 (95% CI) Baseline (Day 2) LC50 (95% CI) pH Adjustment PH3 pH1 `,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Nitrogen Aeration pHi PH3 pH1 Air Aeration pHi PH3 pH1 Filtration pHi PH3 pH1 Organic CmDd Isolation ACE at pHQ BCE at pW12 NCE Graduated pH "O" - No difference "+" - Possible difference "u" - Distinct difference PWS-LA6 PWS-CA2 PWS-LA7 6% (5- 10%) 6% (1- 10%) 7% (5-108) 22% (1O-50%) 5% (2.0-8.O%) 34% (6.8->508) O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O ++ O O + O O O O O O O O O O O Y N N NP - Test not performed N - No pattern observed Y - Pattern observed indicating presence of ammonia D-12 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS O Not for Resale A P I P U B L t 96 m 0732290 0557511 895 m \ Table D-9 Summary of Phase High-Salinity Fraction Toxicity (24-hr Static Acute Test LC50 Values with Mysidopsis b a h ) Relative to Whole Produced Water (pHi denotes initial pH of the PW as received) ~~~ Produced Water Fraction Initial (Day 1)LC50 (95% CI) Baseline (Day 2) (95% CI) ~ PWS-LA9 PWS-LA10 PWS-LAI 15% 8% (550%) 16% (MO%) 15% (550%) PWS-LA12 PWS-LA13 6% 1.9% (1-10%) (1-5%) 2% 1.7% (