API Standards 620, 650, and 653 Interpretations— Tank Construction and In-Service Inspection Answers to Technical Inquiries API PUBLICATION 850 FIRST EDITION, NOVEMBER 1997 COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 API ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY MISSION AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES The members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resources and supplying high quality products and services to consumers We recognize our responsibility to work with the public, the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound manner while protecting the health and safety of our employees and the public To meet these responsibilities, API members pledge to manage our businesses according to the following principles using sound science to prioritize risks and to implement cost-effective 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publication may conflict Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Manufacturing, Distribution and Marketing Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C 20005 iii COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 HOW TO PREPARE A TECHNICAL INQUIRY Inquiries sent to the American Petroleum Institute should either request an interpretation of an API standard or ask that a revision to an API standard be considered on the basis of new data or technology The following guidelines are recommended for submitting inquiries: Format: Include your name and mailing address on all correspondence Your letter should be typewritten (although legible handwritten letters will be considered), and mailed to: American Petroleum Institute MDM Department 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, D.C 20005 Scope: Limit your inquiry to a single subject or closely related subjects An inquiry letter concerning 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suggestions These suggestions and comments will be forwarded to the appropriate API subcommittee for the next review of that standard iv COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 CONTENTS Page STANDARD 620 Standard 620, Seventh Edition, September 1982; Revision 1, April 1985 General Section 3.5—Maximum Allowable Stress Section 3.10—Design of Sidewalls, Roofs, and Bottoms Section 3.11—Special Considerations Applicable to Bottoms That Rest Directly on Foundations Section 4.15—Repairing Defects in Welds Appendix Q—Low Pressure Storage Tanks for Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases 10 Standard 620, Eighth Edition, June 1990 11 General 11 General 12 Section 3.5—Maximum Allowable Stress for Walls 13-14 Section 3.19—Nozzle Necks and Their Attachments to the Tank 15 Section 5.17—Radiographic Examination Requirements 16 Appendix F—Examples Illustrating Applications of Rules to Design Problems 17 Appendix Q—Low-Pressure Storage Tanks for Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases 18-19 Appendix R—Low-Pressure Storage Tanks for Refrigerated Products 20-22 Standard 620, Ninth Edition, February 1996 23 General 23 Section 2.2—Plates 24 Section 3.3—Pressures Used in Design 25-26 Sections 3.5 and 3.6—Maximum Allowable Stress for Walls 27 Section 3.10—Design of Sidewalls, Roofs, and Bottoms 28 Section 3.26—Radiography 29 Section 5.18—Standard Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Tests 30-31 Appendix Q—Low-Pressure Storage Tanks for Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases 32 Appendix R—Low-Pressure Storage Tanks for Refrigerated Products 33 STANDARD 650 35 Standard 650, Seventh Edition, November 1980; Revision 1, February 1984 37 Foreword 37 General 38-40 Section 2—Materials 41-42 Section 2.2—Plates 43-44 Section 2.5—Piping and Forgings 45 Section 3.1—Joint Design 46-48 Section 3.5—Annular Bottom Plates 49 Section 3.6—Shell Design 50-52 Section 3.7—Shell Openings 53-56 Section 3.8—Shell Attachment and Tank Appurtenances 57 Section 3.10—Roof Design 58-60 Section 5.2—Details of Welding 61 Section 5.5—Dimensional Tolerances 62-64 Section 6.1—Radiographic Method 65-66 v COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 Page Appendix B—Recommended Practice for Construction of Foundations for API Vertical Cylindrical Storage Tanks 67 Appendix F—Design of Tanks for Small Internal Pressures 68-70 Appendix H—Internal Floating Roofs 71 Standard 650, Eighth Edition, November 1988 72 General 72-81 Figure 2-1—Minimum Permissible Design Metal Temperature for Plates Used in Tank Shells Without Impact Testing 82-83 Section 2.2—Plates 84-86 Section 2.5—Piping and Forgings 87 Section 2.7—Bolting 88 Section 3.1—Joints 89 Section 3.5—Annular Bottom Plates 90 Section 3.7—Shell Openings 91-93 Section 3.9—Top and Intermediate Wind Girders 94-96 Section 3.10—Roofs 97 Section 5.2—Details of Welding 98-100 Section 5.3—Inspection, Testing, and Repairs 101 Section 5.5—Dimensional Tolerances 102 Section 6.1—Radiographic Method 103 Appendix A—Optional Design Basis for Small Tanks 104-106 Appendix C—External Floating Roofs 107 Appendix E—Seismic Design of Storage Tanks 108-111 Appendix F—Design of Tanks for Small Internal Pressures 112-117 Appendix G—Structurally Supported Aluminum Domed Roofs 118 Appendix H—Internal Floating Roofs 119-122 Appendix P—Allowable External Loads on Tank Shell Openings 123 Standard 650, Ninth Edition, July 1993 124 General 124-126 Section 2.2—Plates 127 Section 3.5—Annular Bottom Plates 128 Section 3.6—Shell Design 129-133 Section 3.7—Shell Openings 134-143 Section 3.8—Shell Attachments and Tank Appurtenances 144-145 Section 3.9—Top and Intermediate Wind Girders 146-147 Section 3.10—Roofs 148-152 Section 3.11—Wind Load on Tanks (Overturning Stability) 153-154 Section 5—Erection 155-156 Section 5.2—Details of Welding 157-161 Section 5.3—Inspection, Testing, and Repairs 162-164 Section 5.5—Dimensional Tolerances 165-166 Section 6.1—Radiographic Method 167-168 Section 6.2—Magnetic Particle Examination 169 Appendix A—Optional Design Basis for Small Tanks 170 Appendix C—External Floating Roofs 171 Appendix E—Seismic Design of Storage Tanks 172 Appendix F—Design of Tanks for Small Internal Pressures 173-175 Appendix G—Structurally Supported Aluminum Dome Roofs 176 Appendix I—Undertank Leak Detection and Subgrade Protection 177 Appendix P—Allowable External Loads on Tank Shell Openings 178 vi COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 Page STANDARD 653 179 Standard 653, First Edition, January 1991 181 General 181-182 Section 2.3—Tank Shell Evaluation 183-184 Section 7.1—General 185 Section 7.2—Removal and Replacement of Shell Plate Material 186 Section 7.8—Alteration of Existing Shell Penetrations 187 Section 7.9—Repair of Tank Bottoms 188-189 Section 7.10—Repair of Fixed Roofs 190 Section 7.13—Hot Taps 191 Section 9.1—Welding Qualifications 192 Section 10.3—Hydrostatic Testing 193 Section 10.1—Nondestructive Examinations 194 Section 10.2—Radiographs 195-198 Section 10.3—Hydrostatic Testing 199-200 Appendix B—Evaluation of Tank Bottom Settlement 201-204 Standard 653, Second Edition, December 1995 205 Section 2.3—Tank Shell Evaluation 205-206 Section 2.4—Tank Bottom Evaluation 207-208 Section 4.3—External Inspection 209 Section 6.2—New Weld Joints 210 Section 7.2—Removal and Replacement of Shell Plate Material 211-212 Section 7.9—Repair of Tank Bottoms 213 Section 10.1—Nondestructive Examinations 214 Section 10.2—Radiographs 215 Section 10.3—Hydrostatic Testing 216 Section 10.5—Measured Settlement During Hydrostatic Testing 217 Appendix B—Evaluation of Tank Bottom Settlement 218-219 vii COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 API STANDARDS 620, 650, AND 653 INTERPRETATIONS—TANK CONSTRUCTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 4.3 Issue Date: August 1, 1996 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question 1: Does API 653, paragraph 4.3.3 require ultrasonic thickness readings on the tank shell? Reply 1: No UT examination is permitted but not required for the external inspection Question 2: If the internal inspection is used as a substitute for the external ultrasonic thickness measurements (per 4.3.3.3), are ultrasonic thickness readings required during the internal inspection? Reply 2: No Question 3: If ultrasonic thickness measurements are not required, per question 2, how would the 1/4 corrosion rate of the shell be determined for the formal visual external inspection? Reply 3: The alternate corrosion rate determination methods, such as mechanical measurement with calipers, or taking core samples, are not specified in API 653 This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 209 210 API PUBLICATION 850 Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 6.2 Issue Date: September 26, 1997 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 (incorporates December 1996 Addendum 1) Question: Referring to API 653, paragraph 6.2 and 6.3, when inserting a new shell course into an existing tank shell, is the weld joining the new course to the course above considered as a “new weld joint” or an existing weld joint? Reply: The process of inserting a new course into an existing tank is an alteration, not a reconstruction, which makes Section applicable, but not Section Refer to paragraph 7.2.3.2, which indicates that the original code of construction may be followed for such work This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 API STANDARDS 620, 650, AND 653 INTERPRETATIONS—TANK CONSTRUCTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 7.2 Issue Date: August 1, 1996 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question: Do the rules of API 653, Figure 7-1 apply to weld spacing if bottom plates only are being replaced? Reply: No This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 211 212 API PUBLICATION 850 Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 7.2 Issue Date: September 26, 1997 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 (incorporates December 1996 Addendum 1) Question 1: Does API 653 permit the above new weld joint to be a lap-welded design, assuming the existing tank welds are lap-welded? Reply 1: Yes, per paragraph 7.2.3.2 Question 2: If the above new weld must be butt-welded to the shell above, how can the joint be made where this weld joins the lap-welded vertical welds? Reply 2: Butt-welding is not required, per 7.2.3.2 This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 API STANDARDS 620, 650, AND 653 INTERPRETATIONS—TANK CONSTRUCTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 7.9 Issue Date: August 1, 1996 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question 1: Are the requirements of paragraph 7.9.2 applicable only if the tank bottom has failed? Reply 1: No The requirements apply whenever a new tank bottom is being installed in a tank Question 2: Is the requirement for a projection of a new bottom beyond the shell specified by paragraph 7.9.2.1.2 dependent upon whether the bottom replacement is due to failure or due to some other reason? Reply 2: No This detail applies anytime a bottom is installed in a tank Question 3: Is there ever a condition when the new bottom would not extend beyond the shell plates? Reply 3: No This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 213 214 API PUBLICATION 850 Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 10.1 Issue Date: June 12, 1997 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question: Referring to API 653, paragraph 10.1.2.5, is it correct that “fully radiographed” means that 100 percent of the circumference of an installed circular plate must be radiographed? Reply: Yes, if the insert plate contains a penetration If there is no penetration, then paragraph 10.2.1.5 applies This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 API STANDARDS 620, 650, AND 653 INTERPRETATIONS—TANK CONSTRUCTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 10.2 Issue Date: February 18, 1997 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question: When replacing several shell rings on an existing tank, is it acceptable, per API 653, to radiograph the joints between existing plates per paragraphs 10.2.1.1, 10.2.1.2, and 10.2.1.3 of API 653 and joints between new plates per API 650? Or, must all joints be radiographed per API 653? Reply: When replacing shell rings on an existing tank, all joints must be radiographed per API 653 This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 215 216 API PUBLICATION 850 Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 10.3 Issue Date: September 26, 1997 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 (incorporates December 1996 Addendum 1) Question: Referring to API 653, paragraph 10.3.1.2e and Table 10-1(3), these apply to the cleaning of the weld necessary prior to making a restoration of a corroded or otherwise deficient weld? Reply: Cleaning a weld in itself does not constitute a repair or alteration However, any weld metal removal or addition to the shell-to-bottom weld, for any reason, would fit the definition in paragraph 10.3.1.2 for a major repair or alteration This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 API STANDARDS 620, 650, AND 653 INTERPRETATIONS—TANK CONSTRUCTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION Standard 653, Second Edition—Section 10.5 Issue Date: August 1, 1996 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question: Is the formula N = D/10 in paragraph 10.5.1.2 correct? Reply: It should be N = D/30 This will be changed in the next edition of API 653 This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 217 218 API PUBLICATION 850 Standard 653, Second Edition—Appendix B Issue Date: May 15, 1995 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question: In API 653, Appendix B, Paragraph B.3.2, what is the value of Young’s Modulus? Reply: Young’s Modulus is provided in many engineering textbooks and other technical references, such as ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Table UF-27 This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 API STANDARDS 620, 650, AND 653 INTERPRETATIONS—TANK CONSTRUCTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION Standard 653, Second Edition—Appendix B Issue Date: February 18, 1997 Publication: Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Edition/Date: Second Edition, December 1995 Question: API 653, Appendix B seems too conservative for edge settlement Please advise if this appendix is being revised? Reply: Yes A task group is working to make the criteria more accurate and consistent with other codes being successfully applied in this area This interpretation was issued as a result of a question on the above edition It applies to all previous and subsequent editions in which the text remains substantially unchanged COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 219 COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 ❏ API Member (Check if Yes) API Related Publications Order Form Date: (Month, Day, Year) Invoice To – ❏ Check here if same as “Ship To” Ship To – (UPS will not deliver to a P.O Box) Company Company Name/Dept Name/Dept Address Address City State/Province City State/Province Zip Country Zip Country Customer Daytime Telephone No Customer Daytime Telephone No Fax No Fax No (Essential for Foreign Orders) (Essential for Foreign Orders) PREPAID AND CREDIT CARD ORDERS ARE NOT CHARGED FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING TO U.S AND CANADIAN DESTINATIONS ❏ Payment Enclosed $ ❏ Payment By Charge Account: ❏ MasterCard ❏ Visa ❏ Please Bill Me P.O No ❏ American Express Customer Account No Account No State Sales Tax – The American Petroleum Institute is required to collect sales tax on publications mailed to the following states: AL, AR, CT, DC, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MO, NE, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, and WI Prepayment of orders shipped to these states should include applicable sales tax unless a purchaser is exempt If exempt, please print your state exemption number and enclose a copy of the current exemption certificate Name (As it appears on Card) Expiration Date Exemption Number Signature State Title Unit Price C62009 Std 620, Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks $ 120.00 C65000 Std 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage $ 200.00 C65302 Std 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction $ 115.00 C57501 RP 575, Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks $ 75.00 C65100 RP 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks $ 55.00 C65200 RP 652, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms $ 45.00 C20000 Std 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks: Nonrefrigerated and Refrigerated $ 60.00 K20155 Std 2015, Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks $ 30.00 K22070 Publ 2207, Preparing Tank Bottoms for Hot Work $ 30.00 A26101 Std 2610, Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Terminal and Tank Facilities $ 75.00 Quantity Order No Shipping and Handling – All orders are shipped via UPS or First Class Mail in the U.S and Canada Orders to all other countries will be sent by Airmail Rush Shipping Charge – Federal Express, $10 in addition to customer providing Federal Express account number: UPS Next Day, $10 plus the actual shipping costs (1-9 items) UPS Second Day, add $10 plus the actual shipping costs (1-9 items) Rush Bulk Orders – 1-9 items, $10 Over items, add $1 each for every additional item NOTE: Shipping on foreign orders cannot be rushed without Federal Express account number Bill and Ship Orders – U.S and Canada, $4 per order handling fee, plus actual shipping costs All other countries, for Airmail (standard service) add 25% of order value All other countries, for UPS Next Day, add an additional 10% of order value Total Subtotal State Sales Tax (see above) Rush Shipping Charge (see left) Shipping and Handling (see left) Total (in U.S Dollars) Pricing and availability subject to change without notice Mail Orders: American Petroleum Institute, Order Desk, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005-4070 Fax Orders: (202) 962-4776 Phone Orders: (202) 682-8375 To better serve you, please refer to this code when ordering: COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 C S 1 PG-01400—10/97—2C ( ) COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000 Additional copies available from API Publications and Distribution: (202) 682-8375 Information about API Publications, Programs and Services is available on the World Wide Web at: http://www.api.org Order No C85001 COPYRIGHT 2000 American Petroleum Institute Information Handling Services, 2000