DROP-WEIGHT TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF NIL-DUCTILITY TRANSITION TEMPERATURE: USER'S EXPERIENCE WITH ASTM METHOD E 208 A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee E-28 on Mechanical Testing Williamsburg, VA, 28-29 Nov 1984 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 919 John M Holt, consultant, and P P Puzak, consultant, editors ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) 04-919000-23 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions author Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drop-weight test for determination of nil-ductility transition temperature: user's experience with ASTM method E 208 (ASTM special technical publication; 919) "ASTM publication code number (PCN) 04-919000-23." Includes bibliographies and indexes Steel—Testing—Congresses Metals—Impact testing—Congresses I Holt, John M II Puzak, P P (Peter P.) III ASTM Committee E-28 on Mechanical Testing IV Title V Series TA465.D76 1986 671.5'20423 86-25913 ISBN 0-8031-0487-1 Copyright © by A M E R I C A N S O C I E T Y F O R T E S T I N G AND M A T E R I A L S 1986 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 86-25913 NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication Printed in Fairfield, PA December 1986 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions author Foreword This publication, Drop-Weight Test for Determination of Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature: User's Experience with ASTM Method E 208, contains papers presented at the symposium on NDT Drop-Weight Test (E 208 Standard), which was held 28-29 Nov 1984 in Williamsburg, Virginia The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee E-28 on Mechanical Testing John M Holt, consultant, served as editor of this publication, along with P P Puzak, consultant, who was chairman of the symposium Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authoriz Related ASTM Publications Fracture Mechanics: Seventeenth Volume, STP 905 (1986), 04-905000-30 Fracture Mechanics: Sixteenth Symposium, STP 868 (1985), 04-868000-30 Through-Thickness Tension Testing of Steel, STP 794 (1983), 04-794000-02 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorize A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded, though essential, work of the reviewers On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and their sacrifice of time and effort ASTM Committee on Publications Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproduction ASTM Editorial Staff Helen P Mahy Janet R Schroeder Kathleen A Greene William T Benzing Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authoriz Contents Overview ix Effect of the Brittle-Bead Welding Conditions on the Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature—YOSHIO ANDO, NOBUKAZU OGURA, HIROSHI SUSUKIDA, MASANOBU SATOH, YASUHIKO TANAKA, AND EJO A N D O Evaluation of Valid Nil-Ductility Transition Temperatures for Nuclear Vessel Steels—MASANOBU SATOH, TATSUO FUNADA, AND MINORU TOMIMATSU 16 Effect of Crack-Starter Bead Application on the Drop-Weight NDT Temperature—SHINSAKU ONODERA, KEIZO OHNISHI, HISASHI TSUKADA, KOMEI SUZUKI, TADAO IWADATE, A N D YASUHIKO TANAKA 34 Influence of the Crack-Starter Bead Technique on the Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of ASTM A572 Grade 55 Hot-Rolled Plate—CARL D LUNDIN, EDWIN A MERRICK, AND BRIAN J KRUSE 56 Effect of the Heat-Affected Zone at the Crack-Starter Bead on the Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Steels Determined by the Drop-Weight Test—NORIAKI KOSHIZUKA, TEIICHI ENAMI, MICHIHIRO TANAKA, TOSHIHARU HIRO, YUII KUSUHARA, HIROSHI F U K U D A , A N D SHIGEHIKO YOSHIMURA 69 Drop-Weight NDT Temperature Test Results for Five Heats of ASTM A517 Steel—CARL E HARTBOWER 87 Drop-Weight Testing of Nonstandard Geometries—SAMUEL R LOW AND JAMES G EARLY 108 NDTT, RTNDT, and Fracture Toughness: A Study of Their Interrelationships Using a Large Data Base and Computer M o d e l s — W I L L I A M OLDFIELD A N D WILLIAM L SERVER Copyright Downloaded/printed University by ASTM Int'l 129 (all rights by of Washington (University of Wash Fracture Mechanics Interpretation of the Drop-Weight NDT Temperature—JOHN D G SUMPTER 142 APPENDIX: A S T M METHOD E 208-85 ASTM Standard Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels (E 208-85) 163 INDEXES Author Index 185 Subject Index 187 Copyright Downloaded/printed University by by of STP919-EB/Dec 1986 Overview In November 1984, ASTM Committee E-28 on Mechanical Testing held an international symposium to discuss users' experience with the ASTM Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels (E 208) The objectives of the symposium were to determine (1) unusual material behavior; (2) advantages of the test, including correlations of the results with service experience and other tests; (3) shortcomings of the method; and (4) unique testing equipment or experimental techniques Of the twelve papers presented at the symposium, nine have been published in this Special Technical Publication These nine papers cover the symposium objectives well; it is interesting to note that most of the authors found shortcomings in ASTM Method E 208-81 (the then current version of ASTM Method E 208) and made recommendations to overcome these shortcomings The task group of ASTM Committee E-28 charged with oversight for the drop-weight (DW) test was aware of several of these deficiencies and had initiated appropriate action—for example, the crack-starter weld bead was changed to a single stringer bead without weave to minimize the heat input and thereby reduce the possibility of tempering the base metal at the notch There were other deficiencies, however, of which the task group was not aware, and these are currently being studied The opening paper, by Ando et al, presents the results of a study of welding parameters—welding current, preheating, shape of the bead, and other parameters—which shows that the welding current is the most influential parameter In this study, the authors tested a sufficient number of specimens to make probability statements about the occurrence of nil-ductility transition (NDT) at specific temperatures The second paper, by Satoh et al, also shows the importance of the welding current and points out how heat sinks can influence the NDT temperature by changing the cooling rate of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), thereby producing a tough or not-so-tough microstructure The authors indicate that good correlation between the NDT and Charpy impact transition temperatures can be obtained (The editors caution that the correlations are probably based on the use of the Japanese Industrial Standard Charpy striker geometry and not on the ASTM test geometry; thus, the absolute values of the constants may be slightly affected.) The next three papers, by Onodera et al, Lundin et al, and Koshizuka et Copyright by Downloaded/printed University Copyright 1986of AS FM ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed by Washington International (University www.astm.org of Washington) pursuant 174 DROP-WEIGHT TEST FOR NDT TEMPERATURE: ASTM E 208 # E208 « s— T'R" T" T H E I T M h EL -T R I — c T Specimen Type Anvil Dimension Units P-1 5, Span 12.0 305 0.30 7.60 D, Deflection stop A, Anvil length B, Anvil width 1.5 38 3.5 90 C Anvil thickness £, Support length F, Support width 2.0 50 0.075 1.0 3.5 90 0.9 22 0.4 10 G, Support height R, Support radius H, Slop width /, Weld clearance P-2 P-3 4.0 4.0 100 100 0.060 0.075 1.50 1.90 not critical not critical 1.5 1.5 38 38 2.0 2.0 50 50 — not less than G 2.0 2.0 50 50 0.075 0.075 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 50 50 0.9 0.9 22 22 0.4 0.4 10 10 ±0.05 ±1.5 ±0.002 ±0.05 ±1 ±25 ±0.025 ±0.1 ±2 ±50 ±0.1 ±3 J, Weld clearance depth FIG Anvil Dimensions Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorize APPENDIX: ASTM STANDARD METHOD E 208-85 175 E208 FIG Portable Drop-Weight Test Machine Used for Tests at Different Fabrication Sites Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized 176 DROP-WEIGHT TEST FOR NDT TEMPERATURE: ASTM E 208 E208 Specimen Type Dimension T, Thiclcness i Length W Width WL, Weld length P-l Units in mm in mm in mm in mm P-2 P-3 Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolei^nce Dimension Tolerance 1.0 25 M.O 360 3.5 90 2.5 63.5 ±0.12 ±2.5 ±0.5 ±10 ±0.1 ±2.0 ±0.5 ±12.7 0.75 19 5.0 130 2.0 50 1.75 44.5 ±0.04 ±1.0 ±0.5 ±10 ±0.04 ±1.0 ±0.75 ±19 0.62 16 5.0 130 2.0 50 1.75 44.5 ±0.02 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±10 ±0.04 ±1.0 ±0.75 ±19 NOTE—The length of the weld bead is nol critical, provided that the crack-starter notch is at the center of specimen and that the weld bead does not contact the support fixture when the specimen is fully deflected FIG Standard Drop-Weighl Specimen Dimensions Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authoriz APPENDIX: ASTM STANDARD METHOD E 208-85 # 177 E208 (a) Punch Marks (b) Copper Template (c) Crack-SUrterWeld FIG Methods of Locating the WeM Deposit Properly on the Test Specimen Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized 178 DROP-WEIGHT TEST FOR NDT TEMPERATURE: ASTM E 208 # FIG E2OT Notching of Crack-Starter Weld Deposit • I p f ^ t "***''*3»*l|| 'fPiB:, 'if ;.: -M "•*? —J U—I/I6IMMAX.(I,5MM) -0.07-0,08 IN.(I8-2.0MM) FIG Weld-Notcli DetaUs and Example of a Notched Weld Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized APPEN DIX: ASTM STAN DARD M ETHOD E 208-85 # E208 DA FIG 10 Metbod for Meisurmg Weld Metal Thicluiess >t the Bottom of the Notch 179 H YIELD POINT LOADING IN PRESENCE OF SMALL CRACK IS TERMINATED BY CONTACT WITH STOP FIG I I Dror-Weight Test Method FIG 12 Method for Alignment of Specimen Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized 180 DROP-WEIGHT TEST FOR NDT TEMPERATURE: ASTM E 208 E208 (a) Wax Pencil Line Scribed on Tension Side of a Specimen (b) Application of Masking Tape to Anvil Stop Surfaces (c) Transfer of Wax Lines to the Tape When the Specimen Hits the Stop FIG 13 Method Employed to Indicate Contact of the Specimen with the Anvil Stop FIG 14 Typical Examples of Broken Drop-Weight Specimens Fracture Reaches to at Least One Edge Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized APPENDIX: ASTM STANDARD METHOD E 208-85 181 FIG 15 Typical Examples of No-Break Performance in Drop-Weight Specimens Fracture Does Not Reach Edge ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Selected References Relaling lo Development of DropWeight Test: Pellini, W S., "Notch Ductility of Weld Metal," Welding Journal, Am Welding Soc., Vol 35, May, 1956, p 217-s Pellini, W S., Brandt, F A., and Layne, E E., "Performance to Cast and Rolled Steels in Relation to the Problem of Brittle Fracture," Transactions, Am Foundryman's Soc., Vol 61, 1953, p 243 Pellini, W S., and Srawley, J E., "I Evaluating Fracture Toughness in Pressure Vessels for Space, Aerospace, and Hydrospace—A Symposium," Journal of Metals, MatQh, 1961, pp 195-198 Puzak, P P., and Babecki, A J., "Normalization Procedures for NRL Drop-Weight Test," Welding Journal Am Welding Soc., Vol 38, May, 1959, p 209s Puzak, P P., and Pellini, W S., "Evaluation of the Significance of Charpy Tests for Quenched and Tempered Steels," Welding Journal, Am Welding Soc., Vol 35, No 6, 1956, p 275-s Puzak, P P., Schuster, M E., and Pellini, W S., "Applicability of Charpy Test Data," Welding Journal, Am Welding Soc., Vol 33, September, 1954, p 443s Puzak, P P., Schuster, M E., and Pellini, W S., "Crack Starter Tests of Ship Fracture and Project Steels," Appendix entitled, "Procedures for NRL Drop Weight Test," Welding Journal, Am Welding Soc., Vol 33, No 10, October, 1954, p 481-s Selected References Relating to Correlation ofNDT to Service Failures: Babecki, A J., Puzak, P P., and Pellini, W S., "Report of Anomalous 'Brittle' Failures of Heavy Steel Forgings at Elevated Temperatures," Paper No 59-MET6, Am Soc Mechanical Engrs., May, 1959 Lange, E A., and KJier, E P., "A Study of Fracture Development and Materials Properties in PVRC Vessels and 2," Welding Journal, Am Welding Soc., Vol 41, February, 1962, p 53-s Pellini, W S., Steele, L E., and Hawthorne, J R., "Analysis of Engineering and Basic Research Aspects of Neutron Embrittlement of Steels," NRL Report 5780 April 17, 1962; also Welding Journal, Am Welding Soc., October, 1962 Puzak, P P., Babecki, A J., and Pellini, W S., "Correlations of Brittle Fracture Service Failures with Laboratory Notch-Ductility Tests," Welding Journal, Am Welding Soc., Vol 37, No 9, September, 1958, p 391-s Selected References Relating to Neutron Irradiation Embrittlement: Hawthorne, J R., and Steele, L E., "Effect of Neutron Irradiation on Charpy-V Drop Weight Test Transition Temperatures of Various Steels and Weld Metals." ASTM STP 286, Am Soc Testing Mats., 1960, pp 33-56 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized 182 DROP-WEIGHT TEST FOR NDT TEMPERATURE: ASTM E 208 Ql Hawthorne, J R., Steele, L E., and Pellini, W S., "EfTects of Properties of Reactor Structural Materials," Paper No 61- WASH Am Soc Mechanical Engrs., October 1961 E208 Steele, L E., and Hawthorne, J R., "Effect of Irradiation Temperature on Neutron-Induced Changes in Notch Ductility of Pressure-Vessel Steels," NRL Report 5629, June 2S 1961 The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa 19103 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Indexes Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized STP919-EB/Dec 1986 Author Index M Merrick, E A., 56 Ando, E., Ando, Y., O E Ogura, N., Ohnishi, K., 34 Oldfield, W., 129 Onodera, S., 34 Early, J G., 108 Enami, T., 69 Fukuda, H., 69 Funada, T., 16 Puzak, P P., ix H Hartbower, C E., 87 Hiro, T., 69 Holt, J M., ix Satoh, M., 1, 16 Server, W L., 129 Sumpter, J D G., 142 Susukida, H., Suzuki, K., 34 Iwadate, T., 34 K Tanaka, M., 69 Tanaka, Y., 1, 34 Tomimatsu, M., 16 Tsukada, H., 34 Koshizuka, N., 69 Kruse, B J., 56 Kusuhara, Y., 69 Low, S R., 108 Lundin, C D., 56 Copyright by ASTM Downloaded/printed by Copyright" 1986 University of A S T M International Washington Yoshimura, S., 69 Int'l 185 (all www.astm.org (University rights of reserved); Washington) Wed pursuant STP919-EB/Dec 1986 Subject Index American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 16 ASTM standards A 508-84: 57 E 23-72: 89 E 23-82: 57 E 112-84: 112 E 208-69: 89, 90, 98, 99, 102, 103, 106 E 208-81: 12, 18, 20, 35, 39, 57, 64, 66-67, 69-70, 75, 108, 118, 120-126, 130, 147 E 399-72: 89 E 399-83: 32, 72 E 604-77: 89 B Brittle-bead welding, effect of, on nil-ductility transition temperature, 1-15 Charpy impact characteristics, correlation with nil-ductility transition temperature, 27, 29-30 Charpy impact test, use of, to test nil-ductility transition temperature, 90, 102-103, 111112 Charpy V-notch (CVN) testing, use of, to evaluate nil-ductility transition temperature, 57, 58-59 Compact tension fracture toughness test of steel plates, 89, 90 Computer modeling, use of, to develop probability distributions on relationship between NDTT and fracture toughness, 129-141 Crack-starter bead effect of application of, on nil-ductility transition temperature, 34-55 effect of heat-effected zone at, on nil-ductility transition temperature, 69-85 effect of size and shape of, on nilductility transition temperature, 11, 15 effect of technique of, on nil-ductility transition temperature, 56-67 effect of welding conditions, on nil-ductility transition temperatures, 17-27 D Drop-weight NDT temperature, fracture mechanics interpretation of, 142-159 Drop-weight test of nonstandard geometries, 108128 use of, to determine effect of heataffected zone at the crackstarter bead on the NDTT, 69-85 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 187 Downloaded/printed by www.astm.org University of htWashington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized Copy rig 1986 A S I M International 188 DROP-WEIGHT TEST FOR NDT TEMPERATURE: ASTM E 208 Drop-weight test (cont.) use of, to determine nil-ductility transition temperature of steel plates, 1-15, 16, 22-23, 34-55, 57, 67, 87-107 Dynamic tear test of steel plates, 89, 90 Embrittled materials, effect of bead application on, 52-54 graph, 54 table, 53 Energy balance analysis, 156-159 Fracture mechanics interpretation of drop-weight NDT temperature, 142-159 Fracture toughness, correlation with nil-ductility transition temperature, 30-31, 129-141 H Heat-affected zone (HAZ) effect of, at crack-starter bead on the nil-ductility transition temperature, 69-85 simulation of, and nil-ductility transition temperature, 44, 46,49 Heat sink, effect of shape of, on nilductility transition temperature, 22, 25, 27 Heat tinting in ASTM Method E 208 testing, 103, 106 Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), 35 N Nil-ductility transition temperature correlation between charpy impact characteristics and, 27, 29-30 effect of brittle-bead welding on, 1-15 effect of crack-starter bead application on, 34-55, 56-67 effect of notch location on, 8-10, 14 illustration, 12 effect of preheating and interpass temperature on, 10-11, 14-15 effect of welding current on, 3, 6, 8, 14 effect of welding speed on, 12, 14 effects of crack-starter bead welding conditions on, 17-27 evaluation of, for nuclear vessel steels, 2, 16-33 relationship between fracture toughness and, 30-31, 129141 relationship between hardness of welded bead zone and, 76-77 Nonstandard geometries, dropweight testing of, 108-128 Notch location, effect of, on nil-ductility transition temperature, 8-10 illustration, 12 Nuclear vessel steels, evaluation of nil-ductility transition temperatures for, 2, 16-33 O Japan Electric Association Code One-pass testing of nil-ductility tran4202 sition temperature, 58, 59, need to revise, 3, 8, 9, 11, 12 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 61,64 revision of, 14 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized SUBJECT INDEX 189 Overlapping, effect of, on thermal cycles, 49, 55 illustration, 51 effect of heat-affected zone on nilductility transition temperature, 77, 81 Preheating and interpass temperature, effect of, on nil-ductility transition temperature, 1011, 14-15 table, 13 Thermal cycles effect of, on fracture toughness, 17-18 effect of overlap on, 49, 55 Two-pass bead application, and nilductility transition temperature, 37, 55, 59, 61 Quantitative television microscope (QTM) for measuring inclusion content of steel, 118 table, 119 Quench and temperature effect, 46, 55 W Scatter, possibility of, in nil-ductility transition temperature results, 35, 49, 52 Steel plate drop-weight testing of, 87-107 effect of crack-starter bead technique on nil-ductility transition temperature, 56-67 Welded bead zone, relationship with nil-ductility transition temperature and, 76-77 Welding amperage, effect of, on nilductility transition temperature, 20, 22 Welding conditions, effect of, on drop-weight NDTT, 39 tables, 2, 4, Welding current, effect of, on nilductility transition temperature, 3, 6, 8, 14, 20, 22 tables, 2, 4-7 Welding speed, effect of, on nil-ductility transition temperature, 12, 14 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Dec 23 18:33:33 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions auth