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I S0 I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN D AR D 2478 Seco n d ed i ti on 987- 1l - 01 I N TE RN ATI ON AL ORG AN I ZATI ON ORG AN I SATI ON I N TE RN ATI ON ALE M E XAYH AP OAH AR ~~~~~ Den se sh aped perman en t Prod u i t s sou s refractory ch an g e rg fract res d i men s i on s f aq o n n &s l ’ act i on I n tern at de la in d en ses OP rAH M Au kl R Do e: prod u cts - d i men si on s - D&t ermi n at i o n FOR STAN D ARD I ZATI ON on de la DE i -l N ORM ALI SATI ON C TAH f l AP TM A~ M M Sect Determi n ati on of h eati n g vari ati on pe rman e n t e de ch al eu r Re f e re n ce n u mb e r I S0 78 : ( E) Foreword I S0 ( th e I ntern ati onal nati on al s tan dard s St an dard s bod y ri g ht men t al Draft the n ormal l y i n terested th e the is to in be an d a 75 ou t for Cou n ci l % for that I n ternati onal in are by St an d ard in I S0 2478 was al so tech n i cal accept an ce accord an ce bodi es worl d wi de of federati on prepari n g h as part in com mi t t ees wi th m e m ber establ i sh ed org an i zati on s, t ake as E ach been the h as g overn - work are I ntern ati onal I S0 of I nternati onal commi t t ees com mi t t ee I SO, the thei r a i nternati on al wi th by before is work tech n i cal commi t t ee l i son m e m be r I S0 Th e a techn i cal approved th e bodi es) ad opt ed approval Th ey approval Stan dardi zati on ) t h rou g h wh i ch on St an d ards bod i es for m e m be r carri ed su bj ect represen ted I ntern ati onal I S0 ( I S0 n on - g overn men tal , m e m be r l east Org an i zat i on bod i es ci rcu l ated to St an d ards by proced u res requ i ri n g Com mi t t ee I SO/TC at voti ng prepared by Tech n i cal 33, Refractori es Th i s s econ d ci pal m ou n t i n g U s ers an d l atest edi ti on di fferen ces of test sh ou l d that an y edi ti on, I n t ern at i on al Pri n t ed in can cel s bei n g n ote in pi eces, that referen ce u n l ess an d th e an d al l th e h eati n g I nternati onal m ad e ot h erwi se Org an i zat i on Swi t zerl an d repl aces th e req u i remen t s h erei n fi rst s ch edu l e St an dard s to edi ti on cern i n g an y oth er ( I S0 appl i ed in u n d erg o St an d ard i z at i on , 987 : 9731 , the pri n- m eas u rem en t the an d procedu re revi si on I nternati onal stated for 2478 sel ecti on, from St an d ard t i me to i mpl i es t i me i ts I N TERN ATI ON AL De n s e s h aped perman en t Sco pe Th i s I S0 S TAN D ARD ch an g e an d fi el d I n ternati on al refractory of in prod u ct s d i men si on s the perman en t speci fi es ch an g e in two met h od s d i men si on s of for a d en se produ ct It d oes n ot appl y to prod u ct s ( E) of h eat i n g deterFu rn ace, ei th er el ectri c or g as- fi red, capabl e of h eati n g sh aped th e refractory : 87 Apparat u s mi n i n g Det ermi n at i on on appl i cati on St an d ard - 478 test pi eces d escri bed in 2, in a t i n u ou sl y oxi d i zi n g at- tai n i n g mosph ere, at th e speci fi ed rate ( see 61 , an d of mai n tai n i n g carbon th e test N OTE Ref eren ces fi red I S0 501 7, Den se sh aped refractory prod u ct s - t emperat u re - Th e of m ay t i n u ou sl y Det ermi n at i on u se fu rn ace for an be th e el ect ri c u sed oxi di zi n g req u i red an d ti me fu rn ace provi d ed th ere is that recommen d e d , th e i s provi si on fu rn ace for bu t a g as- at mosph ere mon i t ori n g th i s is d i - ti on of bu l k I S0 d en si ty, 5022, t an ce apparen t Sh aped porosi t y refractory an d tru e prod u ct s - porosi ty ‘) Sampl i n g an d accep- testi n g Th ermocou pl es, t emperat u re occu pi ed an d by a th e th e mi n i mu m of t emperat u re test th ree, to di stri bu ti on meas u re over the th e space pi eces Defi n i ti on s For th e pu rposes defi n i ti on s of or that an d St an d ard, th e fol l owi n g ch an g e t racti on is th en h eated cool ed in d i men s i on s that re mai n s to a speci fi ed to ambi en t on in a h eati n g sh aped t emperat u re : Th e refractory for a speci fi ed temperatu re d en se d u ct sh aped h avi n g meas u red a in or refractory tru e porosi t y accord an ce produ ct of wi th l ess I S0 : th an A 45 refractory % pro- ( V/v) wh en 501 port th e Pri n ci pl e pi eces f rom in th e each sh ape bri ck or of rect an g u l ar i t em, th en pri s ms dri ed, an d or th ei r cyl i n d ers l i n ear ( Met h od are ) h eated or in vol u me a ( Met h od fu rn ace h avi n g 2) an measu red oxi di zi n g be a wi t h pi ece th e h as carri er, test pl aced an as an d sh al l carri er at accu racy sh own pi n s the i n scri bed on e be u sed sh al l be in t wo as I), of 0, Ol 2, to l ocate be g rou n d to en abl e th e cal i brate mm, in - t i n u ou s fl at a on a an d a to su p- d i men s i on s Th e d i ag on al A I), st u d s rectan g u l ar stu ds th e Th e fi g u re A sh al l d i al - g au g e ( fi g u re th ree i t in wh i ch a mou n t ed pl ate wi th sh o wn sh al l to Met h od base corn er on u se a si sti n g of fi g u re pi n s be s ymmet ri cal l y sh al l ( for apparatu s su rface- g rou n d pi ece l ocati n g of a for that obtai n ed d evi ce d i al - g au g e so m ar k test cyl i n d er of u n d ersh al l pi ece of to kn own d evi ce are Th e carri er u sed measu remen t s to su pport wi t h th e an d l ocat e mad e at d i al - g au g e or th e test pi ece mi cro met er so before test an d pi eces is d evi ce, ( 21 , d i men that si on s reg i strati on t h ermocou pl es temperat u re wh i ch l en g th Th e cu t th e mi crome t er su rface be Test of th e Len g t h - measu ri n g st an d be wi t h preferabl y test Temperat u re/t i me j u n cti on record perman en t produ ct I ntern ati on al appl y expan si on ti me th i s after fi ri n g are th e s ame poi n ts on th e test pi ece at mosph ere su rface at a prescri bed tai n ed for rate a t emperatu re, repeated, is ) th e an d to a speci fi ed speci fi ed the t i me meas u remen t s perman en t ch an g e presen t wh i ch cool i n g on in the test d i men s i on s is to mai n - ambi en t pi eces or are vo l u me 5 Vol u me- meas u ri n g wat er- d i spl acemen t accord an ce cal cu l ated At t emperat u re, After at th e stag e of wi th d evi ce type, th e the met h od bu l k ( for vo l u me speci fi ed in Met h od bei n g I S0 2) , of d et ermi n ed th e in 501 draft I S0 478 : Dryi n g open i n g s 987 ( El o ven , wh i ch wh i ch permi t sh al l be effi ci en t fan - assi st ed an d sh al l h ave Vo l u me Det ermi n e I S0 Test me as u re me n t 2) th e bu l k d en si t y of th e test pi ece in accord an ce wi th 501 pi eces Cal cu l ate th e bu l k me as u re me n t s ( Me t h o d ven ti l ati on vol u me, taken , Vs , u si n g in th e cu bi c cen ti met res, fol l owi n g f rom eq u at i on th e : Sampl i n g - m2 Th e n u mber of i t ems mi n e d in accord an ce ag reed to by th e ( e g bri cks) wi t h a i n terested to be tested sampl i n g sh al l pl an , e g be deter- I S0 5022, v, ml = e parti es wh ere Preparat i on of test pi eces ml is th e apparen t is th e mas s , mas s , in g rams, of th e i m me rs e d test pi ece; On e test pi eces pi ece sh al l a) sh al l be in be th e rectan g u l ar t aken f orm f rom of pri sms, each i t em ( see n ote ) Test ei th er 50 m2 mm x 50 mm x 60 f mm, Q or is th e d en si t y, mers i on b) cyl i n d ers, 50 mm d i amet er an d 60 f mm in g rams, in of g ram s the per soaked cu bi c test pi ece; cen t i met re, of th e i m- l i qu i d l on g Mou n t i n g of test pi eces in th e fu rn ace N OTE S Pl ace Wh e re be taken , th e si ze of al th ou g h th e on e i t em is permi t s, mo re th an on e test pi ece m ay on e th e of test i ts Th e mi n g SO m m Th e posi ti on Th e 50 d u ri n g of mm cyl i n der, E ach d i men si on pressu re x sh al l test sh ou l d test 50 mm be g rou n d pi ece coi n ci d e man u fact u re each sh al l pi ece faces be if th i s in of wi th th e bri ck or be th e paral l el by of the for- i s kn own sh al l pri sm, an d i denti fi ed d i recti on di recti on th e pl an e the fi red recorded en d s before appropri ate h eated of th e th e test an d or fu rn ace al l ow be separat ed 20 mm, th e 50 fu rn ace mm ( 1 , faces ( for each on e pri s ms ) or resti n g on on en d ( for Do free not th e sh al l di rect fl ame of each be th e n earer be pl aced a in g as on e the d i st an ce th an 50 mm an el ect ri cal l y bu rn er pi eces g ases, by n ot th e test hot oth er radi ati on of su peri mpose ci rcu l ati on f rom an d f rom from test of to in on a g as- an oth er pi eces n ot th e sh al l l ess wal l s th an of th e fu rn ace marki n g Th e test mm th e pi eces th i ck, api ces sh al l of of the t wo s am e in th e mat eri al su pport s of as fu rn ace the on test tri an g u l ar bri cks, pi eces, l d 30 to fl at cross- secti on , on 20 to Proced u re 50 Dryi n g Dry each of test the pi ece test in th e pi eces d ryi n g mm oven ( 6) at 1 f in Meas u remen t Li n ear Cal i brate of test me as u r eme n t th e of kn own 60 mm pi eces test ( Me t h o d for l en g t h - measu ri n g l eng th Pl ace d i men si on corn er corn er so wi th that th e verti cal th e the d evi ce test I) t emperat u re pi ece after on u si n g the rectan g u l ar m ark m ay on be fi ri ng the wi th the pi eces, carri er, in cyl i n d er carri er, test pl aced M ark the an d th e mark s am e cyl i n d ri cal al i g n th i s to Measu re th e the d i ag on al of tact ti on s n er f rom of are For th e Record 01 base mm, pl ate mm apart sh al l be 600 OC or a h i g h er t emperat u re in l ocated on cyl i n d ri cal peri met er, each by th e test on measu ri n g OC wi th pi eces meas u remen t th ree t h ermocou pl es away an y over Th e f rom fl ames, th e sh al l pl aced h eaters measu re l i mi t s vari ati on th ermocou pl es the of in n ot an d th e g reater so record space t emperat u re be away an d an d di stri bu ti on f rom as th e th an 20 to wal l s be in t emperat u re occu pi ed s h own th e n ot by the bet ween test th e “ C posi ti on test pi eces H eat i n g mark th e For l east di stri bu ti on test pi ece in fou r posi ti on s, to an mo vi n g th e carri er rectan g u l ar d i ag on al s, pi eces, t wo th e test 20 25 mm posi ti on s d i amet ers poi nt to wi th pi eces, at ri g ht th e test pi ece th e fou r posi - f rom are IO an g l es each to th e t emperatu re in th e fu rn ace at on e of th e 50 OC fol l owi n g acrates the 50 fu rn ace, Rai se l en g th of at th e ad j acen t over 60 t emperat u re Temperat u re U si n g ( 4) pi ece For d i ag on al test meas u re me n t cu racy abou t OC to of on e an d mas s mu l t i pl es h ei g h t Test Th e st an t in x protected fu rn ace To 65 mm preferred cyl i n ders) , pi eces 50 : a) for test temperat u res up to 250 OC : cormm test - f rom ambi en t t emperat u re for th e l ast t emperat u re : 50 bet ween OC : up an d bet ween to 1 bel ow Y/mi n ; an d YYm i n the I S0 b) fo r te st - te mpe ratu re s fro m t we e n ambi e n t an d ab o ve 250 tempe ratu re ‘C up : to 200 OC : be- Wm i n : Exp r e ss th e ch an g e in ( M e th o d - fro m 200 te mperat u re : “C up b e t we e n to 50 an d OC bel ow th e test or in - fo r th e l ast 50 “C : b e t we e n an d as AL/L, - an d For th e Y/m i n l ast are 50 ‘ Y, rates of te mpe ratu re i n crease M n te n an ce th e of te st te mperatu re t h e rmo co u pl e s ( ) fo r of a peri o d N OTE or 24 - If to re co rd e d wi th i n h + on “C Re co r d th e of e ach th e of te st m e an th e as t h e req u i red , actu al fu rth er Sampl i n g as th e th e in th e te st 7, te st tests of Fo r in th e re l e van t o ri g i n al Meth od ei th er ch an g e val u e in as th e vo l u me q u an ti ty, L, , cal cu l ate AL or V, , th e ch an g e i e po i n t l en g th ( - or vo l u me as po si ti ve ( +I , an d i n d i vi d u al at s o m e d ete rmi n e of m ay be carri ed val u e s m e an cal cu l ated for e ach te st pi e ce, val u e of t h e se Te st repo rt th ree test repo rt sh al l i n cl u d e th e fo l l o wi n g i n fo rmati o n : ou t for peri o d s of a) th e n am e b) th e d ate c) a of th e testi n g establ i sh me n t; h of th e refe re n ce to test; th i s I n tern ati o n al Stan d ard , i e “ De te r- at mo sp h e re g as- fi red ti me i ts th e te mpe ratu re fu rn ace at mo sp h e r e p i e ce s an d in n e g ati ve wi th mi n ati o n Sam pl e V, th e th e th ree t empe ratu re h 73 ch an g e of d i me n si o n s as te mpe ratu re Th e t empe rat u re s in or preferred Re po rt M n tai n ) me asu ri n g i n cre ase s d e cre ase s be t we e n to g e th e r 7 0 AV/ e ach ( E) Wm i n Re po rt N OTE fo r th e p e rce n t ag e or l en g th ch an g e ( M e th o d Cal cu l ate a : resu l ts pe rman e n t l en g th 2) AV, 00 Wm i n ; of Exp re ssi o n 2478 d u ri n g o xyg e n fu rn ace s th e in h e ati n g th e vi ci n i ty peri o d of spe ci fi e d co n te n t of pe rman e n t [b y Meth od d) d e scri pti o n type , b at ch or ch an g e M e th o d of th e n u mbe r, 21 in of d i me n si o n s acco r d an ce materi al te st e d wi th on h eati n g I S0 ”; ( man u factu re r an d etc ) ; e) th e n u mb e r of i tems f) th e n u mb e r of te st g) th e d i me n si o n s th e bri ck h) if t e ste d ( se e ) ; Co o l i n g Swi tch th e o ff test th e fu rn ace pi e ce s bei n g an d al l o w al l o we d M e asu r e m e n t of to it to co o l te st co o l in at th e pi e ce s i ts n atu ral fu rn ace after pi e ce s pe r i tem or bri ck; rate, fi ri n g ( se e of th e te st pi e ce s an d th ei r po si ti o n s in ) ; appro pri ate, th e t yp e of l en g th - me asu ri n g d e vi ce u se d ; Li n ear m e asu re me n t Exami n e th e cre ti o n s p ro d u ce d po i n ts th e mi g h t n e are st to avo i d of th e te st be pi e ce s, co n t act me asu ri n g Su bj e ct to pi e ce e ach at t h e se of n o ti n g d u ri n g affe cte d po i n t by ) parti cu l arl y fi ri n g u n affecte d b e t we e n ( Meth od If s u ch If an y of a d e fe ct, n e ce ssary, d e fe ct s an d an y an y bl i sters th e m e asu r e m e n t m e asu re ro tate o f th e or ac- i n ste ad th e test th ree i) th e j) th e q u i red t ype of fu rn ace o xyg e n u se d co n te n t of ( se e th e ) ; fu rn ace atmo sph e re , if re- ( se e 8) ; at pi e ce su pp o rt s k) th e h eati n g sch e d u l e I) th e ‘ n o mi n al m) th e actu al n) th e pe ri o d 01 th e u se d ( se e 6) ; te st tempe ratu re ( se e 4) ; m e an t empe ratu re ( se e 7) ; d evi ce restri cti o n s, th e fo u r m e asu re po si ti o n s th e l en g th speci fi e d in of th e te st at th e actu al m e an te mpe rat u re ( se e 7) ; ap p e aran ce of th e te st pi e ce s after h e ati n g of pe rce n - ( se e ) ; Vo l u m e me asu r e m e n t ( M e th o d 2) p) M e asu re u se d in th e vo l u me of th e te st pi e ce by th e s am e m e th o d as t ag e th e i n d i vi d u al l i n ear n eg ati ve) fo r or val u e s vo l u me e ach test an d th e ch an g e pi e ce an d m e an ( an d e ach val u e wh e t h e r th e po si ti ve or i tem I S0 2478 : ( E) Di m e n si o n s De tai l po i n t of of l o cati n g 205 Fi g u re Two l o cati n g pi n s @ - Le n g t h - me asu ri n g d e vi ce c I A A In W- k’ Th re e I stu d s VJ D+- - ! ) /- - - s I1 I < 35 3< 321 %L 00 Fi g u re - Test pi ece l carri er L in m i l l i me tre s rou n d i n g - off d i al - g au g e pi n s of an d stu d s, I S0 2478 U DC ( E) 6 78 De scri ptors Pri ce : based : on : 631 refractory pag es : 46 materi al s, sh aped refractori es, tests, hi gh temperatu re tests, d i me n si o n al me asu rem e n ts, d i me n si o n s
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