© ISO 2016 Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary — Part 2 Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis Combustibles minéraux solides — Vocabulaire — Partie 2 Termes relatifs à l’échantillonnage, l’essa[.]
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1213-2 Second edition 2016-12-15 Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis Combustibles minéraux solides — Vocabulaire — Partie 2: Termes relatifs l’échantillonnage, l’essai et l’analyse Reference number ISO 1213-2:2016(E) I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n © ISO 2016 ISO 1213-2:2016(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f the requester ISO copyright o ffice Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 1213-2:2016(E) Contents Page Foreword iv Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Bibliography 27 Alphabetical index 28 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n iii ISO 1213-2:2016(E) Foreword I SO (the I nternational O rganiz ation for Standardiz ation) is a worldwide federation of national s tandards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has b een es tablished has the right to b e represented on that committee I nternational organi zation s , governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with I SO, al so take p ar t in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f elec trotechnical s tandardi z ation T he procedures used to develop this cument and those intended for its fur ther maintenance are describ ed in the I SO/I E C D irec tives , Par t I n p ar ticu lar the different approval criteria needed for the di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted This document was dra fted in accordance with the editorial ru les of the I SO/I E C D irec tives , Par t (see www iso org/direc tives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights Details o f any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the I SO l is t of p atent declarations received (s ee www iso org/p atents) Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not cons titute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to formity assessment, as well as information about I SO ’s adherence to the World Trade O rganization ( WTO) principles in the Technical B arriers to Trade (TB T ) see the following URL: www iso.org/iso/foreword html T he committee res p ons ible for this document is I SO/ TC 7, preparation: Terminology and performance Solid mineral fuels, Sub committee SC , Coal This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1213-2:1992), which has been technically revi sed A lis t of al l p ar ts in the I S O series can b e found on the I SO webs ite iv I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1213-2:2016(E) Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis Scope This c u ment de fi ne s ter m s co m mo n l y emp lo ye d in the s a mp l i ng , te s ti ng a nd a na l ys i s o f s o l id mineral fuels Alternative names are given for several terms In some cases, however, the use of the alternative name is deprecated (as indicated) An alphabetical index, with numerical cross reference is provided Normative references There are no normative references in this document Terms and definitions For the pu r p o s e s o f th i s c u ment, the fol lowi ng term s and defi n ition s apply ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp 3.1 abrasion loss of material from particle surfaces of a solid mineral fuel, or from other surfaces in contact with the p a r ticle s , c au s e d b y fric tion 3.2 abrasion index abrasion to ta l ma s s lo s t b y the s ol id m i nera l fuel b e twe en contac ti ng s u r face s (3.1 ) of fou r c arb on s te el blade s when ro tate d i n a s p e c i fie d ma s s o f a u nder s p e c i fie d cond ition s N o te to entr y: E xpre s s e d i n m i l l igra m s o f me ta l lo s t p er ki lo gra m o f s ol id m i nera l 3.3 abrasion value abrasion resistance to fuel (3.1) of the coke (3.42) after reaction with carbon dioxide in the CRI test, measured as the p ercentage o f a s ample p as s i ng th rough a , m m s ieve a fter tu mbl i ng u nder cond ition s s p e c i fie d 3.4 adiabatic calorimeter c a lori me ter that adj u s ts its j acke t temp eratu re s tantly to b e identic a l to b omb temp eratu re, thereby preventing heat losses N o te to entr y: T he i n ner c a lo r i me ter ch a mb er a nd the j acke t e xch a n ge no energ y b e c au s e the water temp eratu re i n b o th i s identic a l du ri n g the te s t T he water i n the e x ter n a l j acke t i s he ate d or co ole d to m atch the temp eratu re change in the calorimeter proper © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 1213-2:2016(E) 3.5 accuracy closeness of agreement between an observation and the “true” value Note to entry: The accuracy o f a result should not be fused with its precision A result may be precise but it is only accurate when it is free o f bias (3.18) 3.6 adventitious ash DEPRECATED: extraneous ash ash arising from mineral matter (3.136) associated with, but not inherent in, a solid mineral fuel 3.7 air-dried basis means o f expressing an analytical result based on the condition in which a solid mineral fuel is in equilibrium with atmospheric humidity 3.8 air-drying process of bringing the moisture content of the sample near to equilibrium with the atmosphere, in the area in which further reduction of the sample are to take place Note to entry: The solid mineral fuel in this state is composed o f absorbed moisture, mineral matter and organic matter 3.9 anthracite coal (3.39) of high rank (3.174), with a low volatile matter (3.239) content and a semi-metallic lustre, and which does not soften or swell when heated 3.10 apparent relative density ratio of the mass of a fuel (lump sample) to the mass of an equal volume of water (at the same temperature), inclusive o f any voids within the fuel subjected to the test Note to entry: The apparent relative density should not be fused with the bulk density (3.25) 3.11 ash residue obtained by incineration o f a solid mineral fuel under specified conditions 3.12 ash analysis analysis o f ash (3.11) for its elemental composition Note to entry: The elements usually determined are silicon, aluminium, iron, magnesium, manganese, titanium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and sul fur, and these are usually expressed as oxides 3.13 ash fusibility characteristic physical state o f the ash (3.11) obtained by heating under specified conditions Note to entry: Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing atmosphere (3.176) conditions Note to entry: See also de formation temperature, sphere temperature (3.215) , hemisphere temperature (3.98) and flow temperature (3.75) 3.14 ash viscosity measure o f the resistance to flow o f ash (3.11) in the fused state I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 1213-2:2016(E) 3.15 as received basis as sampled basis means o f expressing an analytical result based on the condition where total moisture (3.232) is included 3.16 base/acid ratio ratio of the mass of basic oxides (iron(III) oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, disodium oxide and dipotassium oxide) to the mass of acidic oxides (silica, aluminium oxide and titanium (IV) oxide) in ash (3.11) Note to entry: This ratio can be used in the determination o f the fouling factor (3.81) and the slagging factor 3.17 batch quantity o f a solid mineral fuel produced at one time under relatively uni form conditions 3.18 bias systematic error (3.68 ) which leads to the average value o f a series o f results being persistently higher or persistently lower than those obtained using a re ference sampling method Note to entry: Bias is the total systematic error as contrasted to random error There may be one or more systematic error components contributing to the bias A larger systematic di fference from the accepted re ference value is reflected by a larger bias value 3.19 bias of scale bias (3.18) that is constant and independent of the range of values measured 3.20 bituminous coal general descriptive term for coal (3.39) of rank (3.174) between anthracite (3.9) and (3.24) brown coal an d lignite Note to entry: The vitrinites in all coals in the bituminous range melt and form a coke when the coal is heated above 400 °C in the absence of air Note to entry: In some countries, coals o f rank immediately below that o f bituminous coal are re ferred to as sub-bituminous coals 3.21 blast furnace coke large coke strong, (3.116) for use in blast furnaces Note to entry: Blast furnace coke is generally produced from blends o f bituminous coals (3.20 ), which may incorporate additives Note to entry: Blast furnace coke usually has a low reactivity to carbon dioxide 3.22 breakage particle size reduction (3.155) resulting from impact and/or compression 3.23 breeze undersize after separating the smallest size of graded coke (3.91) Note to entry: Breeze is usually less than 10 mm in size © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 1213-2:2016(E) 3.24 brown coal and lignite coals (3 9) of low rank and low calorific value (3 174 ) characterized by high inherent moisture, high volatile matter (3 9) Note to entry: In some countries, the terms are used to describe all low-rank coals up to bituminous coals (3 0) I n o ther cou ntries , the co a l s at the h igher end of the range are referred to as s ub -bitu m i nous co al s 3.25 bulk density mass o f a portion o f a solid mineral fuel divided by the volume o f the container which is filled by that portion under specified conditions Note to entry: Bulk density values can have range and may depend on previous handling, time and weather The values on stockpiles can also vary from loose free fall situations to compacted filled by that portion under specified conditions 3.26 bulk sample sample o f large mass, taken in a particular operation for a specific reason such as for analysis (3 8) 3.27 caking of coal property o f coal (3 9) float sink when heating without acces s of air to a plas tic condition with formation of the connec ted non-volati le res idue 3.28 caking index meas ure of the caking p ower of a co al in terms of the mechanical strength (3 ) of the obtained by carbonization, under specified conditions, o f an intimate mixture o f the s tandard anthracite (3 9) coal coke (3 42 ) (3 9) and 3.29 absolute value o f the specific energy o f combustion, in joules, for unit mass o f a solid fuel burned in oxygen in a calorimetric bomb under the conditions specified c a l o r i f i c v a l u e g r o s s a t c o n s t a n t v o l u m e Note to entry: The products o f combustion are assumed to consist o f gaseous oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and s u l fur d ioxide, of l iqu id water (i n e qui l ibrium with its vap our) s aturated with c arb on d ioxide under the cond itions of the b omb reac tion, and of s olid a sh, a l l at the reference temp erature Note to entry: Equipment such as Adiabatic and or Isothermal bomb calorimeters are used to determine th i s re s u l t 3.30 absolute value o f the specific energy o f combustion, in joules, for unit mass o f the fuel burned in oxygen c a l o r i f i c v a l u e n e t a t c o n s t a n t v o l u m e under conditions of cons tant volume and s uch that al l the water of the reac tion remain s as water vap our (in a hypothetical state at 0,1 Mpa), the other products being as for the gross calorific value all at the reference temp erature Note to entry: The net calorific value at constant volume is the negative value o f the net specific energy o f combu s tion 3.31 absolute value o f the specific heat (enthalpy) o f combustion in joules, for unit mass o f the fuel burned in oxygen at constant pressure under such conditions that all the water o f the reaction products remains as water vapour (at 0,1 Mpa), the other products being as for the gross calorific value, all at the re ference c a l o r i f i c v a l u e n temp erature I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n e t a t c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e ISO 1213-2:2016(E) 3.32 carbominerite collective term for inter growths of minerals and macerals (3.121) N o te to entr y: T he va r iou s typ e s o f c a rb om i ner ite with thei r co mp o s ition s a re gi ven i n Table Table — Types and compositions of carbominerite Type Volume percentage of minerals Carbargilite to , cl ay m i nera l s C a rb op yrite to , s u l fide s Carbankerite Carbosilicite C a rb op o l ym i ner ite a 20 to 60, carbonates 20 to 60, quartz 20 to 60, various minerals a T he te r m i s u s e d a l s o fo r c a rb o p o l ym i ne r ite co nta i n i n g a m a xi mu m o f % o f m i nera l m atter, p ro vide d th at s u l fide s the mineral matter fo r m a s ub s ta nti a l p a r t o f 3.33 carbon in mineral matter carbon in the mineral matter carbonates of a solid mineral fuel 3.34 carboxyreactivity rate o f re ac tion o f a s ol id m i nera l 3.35 channel sample coal sample of raw (3.39 section from the seam fro m with c arb on d ioxide u nder s p e ci fie d cond ition s ) and a s s o ci ate d i norga n ic materia l ta ken b y removi ng a cha n nel o f even c ro s s - N o te to entr y: W here the s a mp le ta ken either fuel fu l l s e c tion o f the s e a m i s no t acce s s ib le o r no t re qu i re d , th i s ter m m ay re fer to a a s p e c i fic a l l y de fi ne d p or tion o f the s e a m , o r from the flo or to ro o f a s m i ne d or e xp o s e d 3.36 char s o l id , p a r ti a l l y or i ncl i ne d trough for mineral fuels no n- ag glo merate d c a rb o n ace o u s m ater i a l p ro duce d by the p yro l ys i s of s o l id 3.37 chute conveyi ng s ol id m i nera l fuel to a lower level 3.38 clinkering aggregation of particles of ash (3.11) after it has melted during the course of combustion of a solid m i nera l fuel or du ri ng ga s i fic ation N o te to entr y: T he aggre gate d p a r ticle s m ay i nclude s m a l l a mo u nts o f u nb u r nt s ol id m i nera l fuel 3.39 coal combu s tible s e d i mentar y ro ck strata N o te to entr y: T he forme d from ch a rac ter i s tic s a ltere d pla nt rema i n s s ol idate d u nder s up eri mp o s e d o f d i fferent co a l s a re due to d i fference s in s ou rce p l a nt m ater i a l , in the co nd itio n s a nd the de gre e o f ch a n ge th at the m ater i a l s u ndergo ne i n its ge olo gic a l h i s tor y, a nd i n the n ge o f i mpu r itie s p re s ent C o a l s c a n b e ch a rac teri z e d m ac ro s co pic a l l y b y thei r l itho typ e comp o s ition a nd m ic ro s cop ic a l l y b y thei r m acera l a nd © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n microlithotype (3.123) compositions ISO 1213-2:2016(E) 3.40 c o a l i f i c a t i o n pro ce s s b y wh ich acc u mu late d pl ant matter i s comp ac te d a nd tra n s forme d i nto coal (3 9) 3.41 c o e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a t i o n standard deviation (3 16) , expres sed as a p ercentage of the absolute value of the arithmetic mean s × 100 % x CV = where CV i s norma l ly deno te d as v 3.42 coke s ol id, agglomerate d c arb onace ou s re s idue pro duce d b y the p yrolys i s o f 3.43 coke reactivity index CRI p ercentage weight los s of coke (3 42 ) coal (3 9) in the abs ence of air after reac tion with carb on dioxide and carb on monoxide under s p e c i fie d cond ition s 3.44 coke strength after reaction CSR s trength of coke (3 42 ) after reac tion with carb on dioxide and carb on monoxide in the C RI tes t, meas ured as the p ercentage retained on either a 10 , mm or a 9, mm s ieve after tumbl ing under s p e c i fie d cond ition s 3.45 combustible matter theoretical s tate of a sol id mineral fuel without mois ture and sulfur (3 170) a nd s u l fid ic s u l fu r mineral matter (3 6) other than pyritic 3.46 combustible sulfur s u l fu r wh ich re ac ts with ox ygen when a s ol id m i nera l fuel i s burnt u nder s p e ci fie d control le d cond ition s N o te to entr y: M o s t o f the re ac te d s u l fu r rep o r ts a s S O i n the ch i m ne y ga s , b ut u nder cer ta i n cond itio n s , s ome o f the s u l fu r i s c ap tu re d b y a l ka l i ne m i nera l s i n the a s h 3.47 common sample s ample col lec ted for more than one intended use 3.48 c o m p l e t e s e a m p r o f i l e s a m p l e f o r e a c h b e n c h col le c tive de s ignation o f the co a l s ample s ta ken s ep a rately from e ach co a l b ench and b a nd o f the te s te d seam or a p ar t of it which is a s ec tion of a thick seam 3.49 constant mass division metho d of increment or sample division (3 19 4) in which the p or tions retained increments (3 10 6) , partial samples (3 ) or gross samples (3 4) are of uniform mas s 3.50 continuous sampling taking of a s ample from each consecutive individual sub-lot (3 2 1) so that increments (3 10 6) are taken at uni form inter vals whenever the fuel is handled at the p oint of s ampl ing I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n from