(Tiểu luận) the syllables and word stress

NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE THE SYLLABLES AND WORD-STRESS PRESENTED BY: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) NGUYỄN LÊ PHƯƠNG DUYÊN NGUYỄN TRẦN THANH THẢO ĐẶNG LAN ANH PHẠM PHƯƠNG YẾN ĐỖ THẾ NGUYÊN h 61132769 61131099 61131631 61134759 61130712 I INTRODUCTION The reason of choosing topic: 2 The meaning of topic: II CONTENT: Syllable structure analysis tree diagram: Analysis and discussion: a Single-syllable words:  b Two-syllable words: c Three-syllable words: d Complex word: e Compound words: f Varied stress: g Word-class pair: III CONCLUSION: IV REFERENCE: .11 h I INTRODUCTION: The reason of choosing topic: On the path of integration in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, English is considered an international language, an indispensable luggage, and a key for the young generation to enter all fields from science to science - technology , commerce , finance to political activities , international communication to bring the country to prosperity Opportunities are opening, challenges are coming to higher education in improving the output quality for English majors because they are the core team of teachers in training, fostering and standardizing English proficiency and ability for the country's human resources In the field of pronunciation research, English Word-Stress and Syllables are a matter of particular interest to many researchers due to the importance of this international language in the process of exchange and integration In the book English Phonetics and Phonology-Chapter V (2012) states that “The definition of syllable may be defined as one or more speech sounds forming a word or part of a word, containing one vowel sound, with or without a consonant or consonants, and uttered at a single effort, e.g man, mor-ning” and “Word - stress is defined as the prominence given to certain syllable(s) in a word by the use of greater breath force.” Additionally, there is a definition of word stress is that“ In English, we not say each syllable with the same force or strength In one word, we accentuate ONE syllable We say one syllable very loudly (big, strong, important) and all the other syllables very quietly” according to Put English Phonetics into Practice compiled by SzilágyiLászló in 2004 To be able to learn a new language perfectly, it is necessary to understand how sounds are made and to use the pronunciation organs that are best suited to that language However, if these are not done, the sound will be distorted, not matching the words that the listener can understand Even if your vocabulary and English grammar are perfect, it may still be difficult for people to understand you because of your pronunciation In this project, we would like to focus on how to place Stress within the Word Generally speaking, this is a common mistake in learning English but it's supposed that not many learners really notice and are able to fix this issue In this project we want to focus on Stress and Syllables in English English has some word stress that your native language may not, so you h need to learn how to pronounce it We did a survey in the video we dub and found the following examples: Yes, brother, You proved me wrong Unity is our real strength Now we all will live together and will never be apart Suddenly the wolf woke up again and started to bang on the door 5.You nasty brothers I will eat you today anyhow He climbed on the roof and decided to enter and through the chimney 7.The pigs heard the sound of the footsteps on the roof and understood the wolf’s trick 8.The third pig fired the wood in the fireplace The wolf was struggling to reach the chimney and finally he managed to enter in it 10 He slid and slid and soon fell into the burning fire And now we will learn about the topic through these example sentences The meaning of topic: This topic plays an important role in helping learners in speaking English, especially in their pronunciation The more learners understand the process of the articulator, the easier they study English In addition, this topic also helps people who are using English in working, teaching and communicating II CONTENT: Syllable structure analysis tree diagram: One syllable: wolf /wʊlf/ Two syllables: today /təˈdeɪ/ h Three syllables: decided/dɪˈsaɪ.dɪd/ Analysis and discussion: h a Single-syllable words: if they are pronounced in isolation they are said with tonic-strong stress (or primary stress) h Words with more than one syllable, besides pronunciation, stress is also an important part of communication Compare the table below and the stress rules presented in this mini project Exceptions will also be explained in this  b Two-syllable words: apart, again, started, nasty, brothers, today, enter, chimney, managed, into i Verb and adjective  If the second syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong, or if it ends with more than one consonant, it is stressed: h Apart /əˈpɑːt/,  If the second syllable contains a short vowel and one (or no) final consonant, or if it contains /əʊ/, the first syllable is stressed: Started /’stɑːtɪd/ Nasty /ˈnɑː.sti/ Enter /ˈen.tə/ Managed /ˈmæn.ɪdʒd/ Exception: Again (adv) /əˈɡen/ According to the rules of two- syllables stress: If the second syllable contains a short vowel and one (or no) final consonant, the first syllable is stressed However, “Again” has second syllable which contains a short vowel /e/ and one final consonant /n/, second syllable is stressed Therefore, it is an exception of this rule into (prep)/ˈɪn.tuː/ Other two-syllable words such as adverbs and prepositions to behave like verbs and adjectives, but the word “Into” is different from the rule of two-syllable stress According to the rules of two- syllables stress: If the second syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong, or if it ends with more than one consonant, it is stressed However, “Into” contains a long vowel /u:/ in second syllable, the first syllable is stressed Therefore, it is an exception of this rule Note: other two-syllable words such as adverbs and prepositions to behave like verbs and adjectives never /ˈnev.ə/ (If the second syllable contains a short vowel and one (or no) final consonant, or if it contains /əʊ/, the first syllable is stressed) Apart /əˈpɑːt/ (adv) (If the second syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong, or if it ends with more than one consonant, it is stressed) h ii Noun: If the second syllable contains a short vowel, the stress will usually come on the first syllable Otherwise it will be on the second syllable: Brothers /ˈbrʌð.ɚz/ Chimney /ˈtʃɪm.ni/ Today /təˈdeɪ/ c Three-syllable words: Together, decided, unity, understood i Verb:  If the third syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong, or ends with more than one consonant, it is stressed understood/ˌʌndərˈstʊd/ Exception: calculate, concentrate,testify  If the third syllable contains a short vowel and ends with no more than one consonant, the second syllable will be stressed together /təˈɡeð.ə/ (adverb) decided /dɪˈsaɪ.dɪd/ ii Noun:  If the third syllable contains a long vowel sound or diphthong and/or ending with more than one consonant, the first syllable receives primary stress and in some cases the third syllable receives secondary stress  If the third syllable contains a short vowel or /əʊ/: + If the second syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong, or if it ends with more than one consonant, the second syllable is stressed + If the second syllable contains a short vowel and ends with not more than one consonant, the first syllable is stressed unity /ˈjuː.nə.ti/ iii Adjectives: seem to follow the same rule d Complex word: suddenly, burning, struggling h i Affixes: affixes will have one of the three possible effects on word- stress  The affix itself receives the primary stress  The word is stressed just as if the affix is not there  The stress remains on the stem, not the affix, but is shifted to a different syllable ii Suffixes  Suffixes carrying the primary stress themselves  Suffixes that not affect stress placement -ly sudden /ˈsʌd.ən/ - suddenly /ˈsʌd.ən.li/ -ing burn /ˈbɜː.n/ - burning /ˈbɜː.nɪŋ/ struggle /ˈstrʌɡ.əl/ - struggling /ˈstrʌɡ.lɪŋ/  Suffixes that influence stress on the stem: the primary stress is shifted to the last syllable of the stem iii Prefixes: stress in words with prefixes is governed by the same rules as those for words without prefixes e Compound words: fireplace, footstep i If the first part of the compound noun is (in a broad sense) adjectival, the stress goes on the second element, with a secondary stress on the first element ii If the first element is (in a broad sense) a noun, the stress goes on the first element Footstep /ˈfʊt.step/ Fireplace /ˈfaɪə.pleɪs/ f Varied stress: The stress is not always fixed and unchanging in English words g Word-class pair: There are several dozen pairs of two-syllable words with identical spelling which differ from each other unstress placement, apparently according to word class III CONCLUSION: To summarize, this project has been conducted with the aim to investigate the English common pronunciation problem faced h The rationale, the aim of the research, the scope of the study and the design of the paper are present word stress and syllables are presented In order to find out what common pronunciation mistakes of third year students are, the survey questionnaire is carried out Finally, it can be clearly seen that Word stress and Syllables play a very important role while the speakers pronounce English words Because of limitations of time, experience and knowledge, the research cannot introduce all the research and it concerns a small part of English pronunciation mistakes Finally, the author hopes this study can be useful material for students who are concerned with ending sound and suggested solutions to encounter with pronunciation problems as well 10 h IV REFERENCE: https://elearning.ntu.edu.vn/pluginfile.php/481319/mod_resource/content/1/Chapter %20VI%20-%20Word-Stress.pdf 11 h