Designation D3322 − 82 (Reapproved 2017) Standard Practice for Testing Primers and Primer Surfacers Over Preformed Metal1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3322; the number immediat[.]
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee Designation: D3322 − 82 (Reapproved 2017) Standard Practice for Testing Primers and Primer Surfacers Over Preformed Metal1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating Products D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces D658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive (Withdrawn 1996)3 D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3 D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3 D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting D1731 Practices for Preparation of Hot-Dip Aluminum Surfaces for Painting D1732 Practices for Preparation of Magnesium Alloy Surfaces for Painting Scope 1.1 This practice covers the selection and use of procedures for testing primers and primer surfacers The test methods included are listed in Table 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard The values given in parentheses are for information only 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus C540 Test Method for Image Gloss of Porcelain Enamel Surfaces (Withdrawn 1989)3 D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products Current edition approved June 1, 2017 Published June 2017 Originally approved in 1974 Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3322 – 82 (2011) DOI: 10.1520/D3322-82R17 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 United States D3322 − 82 (2017) TABLE Test Methods D1733 Method for Preparation of Aluminum Alloy Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products (Withdrawn 1979)3 D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus D1737 Method of Test for Elongation of Attached Organic Coatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus (Withdrawn 1988)3 D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers D2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting (Withdrawn 2008)3 D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion D2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and ZincAlloy-Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and Related Coating Products D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates D2246 Test Method for Finishes on Primed Metallic Substrates for Humidity-Thermal Cycle Cracking (Withdrawn 1992)3 D2248 Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes D2454 Practice for Determining the Effect of Overbaking on Organic Coatings D2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance of Organic Coatings on Metal D3170 Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological Attack 2.2 Federal Test Methods:4 141B/6011 Immersion Resistance 41B/6271.1 Mildew Resistance 141B/6321 Sanding Characteristics 2.3 U S Military Specification:4 MIL-P-46105 Primer Coating, Weld-Through, Zinc-Rich Property Abrasion resistance: Air blast abrasion tester Falling sand method Adhesion: Scrape adhesion Parallel-groove adhesion Tape adhesion Chemical resistance: Household chemical resistance Detergent resistance Hydrocarbon resistance Chip resistance Color difference: Visual evaluation Instrumental evaluation Cracking resistance Elongation: Conical mandrel Cylindrical mandrel Filiform corrosion Gloss Hardness Holdout Mildew resistance Outdoor exposure: Blistering Cracking Rusting Checking Print resistance Salt spray resistance Sanding properties Water resistance: High humidity Water immersion Weldability A Section ASTM Method Federal Test Method Specification No 141B 6.2 6.2 D658 D968 6191 6.3 6.3 6.3 D2197 D2197 D3359 6303.1 6302.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5 D1308 D2248 D3170 6011 6.6 6.6 6.7 D1729 D2244 D2246 4249.1 6123 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 D522 D1737 D2803 D523 D1474 C540 6101 6271.1 6.14.2 6.14.2 6.14.2 6.14.2 6.15 6.16 6.17 D714 D661 D610 D660 D2091 B117 6461 6471 6451 6421 6061 6321 6.18.2 6.18.3 6.19 D1735 D870 A U.S Military Specification MIL-P-46105 (MR) Panel Preparation 5.1 Treatment of Substrate—Preparation of test panels should include any cleaning treatment agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller or one of the following ASTM Practices: D609, D1730, D1731, D1732, D2201; Guide D2092; and Method D1733 Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 primer, n—the first of two or more coats of paint, varnish, or lacquer system (same as in Terminology D16) 3.1.2 primer surfacer, n—a pigmented coating for filling minor irregularities which is sanded to obtain a smooth uniform surface preparatory to applying finish coats A primer surfacer is not usually applied over a primer 5.2 Substrate, Film Thickness, and Application Means— Conduct performance tests on the specified substrate on coatings having a film thickness agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller Primers are generally applied to a dry film thickness of to 38 µm (0.3 to 1.5 mil) and primer surfacers to film thickness of 17 to 50 µm (0.7 to 2.0 mil) Unless otherwise agreed upon, apply primers and primer surfacers in accordance with Practices D823 Significance and Use 4.1 Primers and primer surfacers may be used over many different surfaces top coated with one or more of a variety of coatings and subjected to many kinds of wear and exposure 5.3 Measurement of Film Thickness—Since the properties of the primer or primer surfacer can vary considerably with the thickness of the coating, it is important to know the film thickness Measure the film thickness in accordance with Test Methods D1400, D1005, or D1186 4.2 The selection of the tests to be used for any given product or system must be governed by experience and by the requirement agreed upon between the producer and the user 5.4 Drying of Primer or Primer Surfacer: 5.4.1 Before tests are run, air dry or bake the primer or primer surfacer according to the schedule and temperature and age as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil D3322 − 82 (2017) surfacers may be determined using visual evaluating techniques or by instrumental means Determine color differences visually using Practice D1729 Determine color differences instrumentally using Practice D2244 5.4.2 Overbake the primer or primer surfacer to determine the time/temperature effect on the physical and chemical properties Do this in accordance with Practice D2454 5.4.3 It may be desirable for some reason (handling, stacking, etc.) to determine the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of primers and primer surfacers at room temperatures Do this as described in Test Method D1640 6.7 Cracking Resistance—A test for resistance to temperature and humidity changes, or a cold cracking test as it is sometimes called, is designed to give an indication of the resistance of a coating system to cracking or checking caused by temperature and humidity changes and also by aging The degree of correlation between accelerated crack results and long-term room-temperature aging varies with the types of coating The industry uses the test widely and it is felt that a system showing good cold crack resistance will perform satisfactorily in service Some factors that can affect results are type of substrate, substrate thickness, primer, primer surfacer, topcoat, and film thickness of the different coatings Determine cracking resistance in accordance with Test Method D2246 Physical Properties of The Dry Film 6.1 Primers and primer surfacers are usually (but not always) topcoated Therefore, many of the following tests should be run on the complete system (substrate/primer or primer surfacer/topcoat) Some of the tests however are for the untopcoated primer or primer surfacer The properties required of a primer or primer surfacer depend on the intended end use and the tests to be used should be selected on the basis of experience and agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller 6.8 Elongation—An elongation test may be used as an indication of the flexibility of an attached primer or primer surfacer It can also show whether there is any change during aging Determine elongation by Test Methods D522 or D1737 6.2 Abrasion Resistance—Determine the abrasion resistance as described in either Test Method D658 or D968 6.3 Adhesion: 6.3.1 The primer or primer surfacer of a specified substrate as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller is subjected to an adhesion test to determine the degree of attachment the coating has to the substrate 6.3.2 Determine the adhesion of the primer or primer surfacer as described either in Test Methods D2197 or D3359 6.3.3 The above methods, in addition to measuring the adhesion of the coating to the substrate, can also be used to determine the intercoat adhesion between the topcoat and the primer or primer surfacer 6.9 Filiform Corrosion Resistance—Filiform corrosion is a type of corrosion that occurs under coatings on metal substrates and is characterized by a definite thread-like structure and directional growth Determine the susceptibility of organic films over metal substrates to this type of corrosion by Guide D2803 6.10 Gloss—Determine the gloss of primers and primer surfacers in accordance with Test Method D523 6.11 Hardness—Determine the film hardness of primers and primer surfacers in accordance with Test Methods D1474, using either Test Method A (Knoop indentation hardness) or Test Method B (Pfund indentation hardness) as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller Other methods of determining hardness may be used as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller 6.4 Chemical Resistance: 6.4.1 Coating systems frequently come into contact with various chemicals that may have an effect on the properties of the system Failure when it occurs is usually in the form of discoloration, change in gloss, blistering, softening, swelling, dissolving, or loss of adhesion Unless a primer is to be left untopcoated in actual service, primers and primer surfacers should be topcoated with the appropriate product before undergoing chemical resistance tests 6.4.2 Household Chemical Resistance—Determine the effect of chemicals in accordance with Test Method D1308 6.4.3 Detergent Resistance—Determine the resistance to failure under conditions of immersion in a detergent solution in accordance with Practice D2248 6.4.4 Hydrocarbon Resistance—Test hydrocarbon resistance in accordance with Method 6011 of U.S Federal Test Method Standard No 141B 6.12 Holdout—Holdout is the ability of a primer or primer surfacer to give a smooth (nonporous), uniform appearance when topcoated This property can be evaluated visually or by instrumental means One method of measuring for holdout is described in Test Method C540 6.13 Mildew Resistance—Test mildew resistance in accordance with Method 6271 of U.S Federal Test Method Standard No 141B or Practice D3456 6.14 Outdoor Exposure: 6.14.1 Primers and primer surfacers can have an important effect on the durability of any paint system destined for exterior use While the accelerated tests given in other sections of this practice are intended to enable one to predict performance, actual outdoor exposure should be made Usage of paint systems is so varied that no one set of conditions (length of exposure or place of exposure) can be given in this practice to cover all situations These conditions as well as the type of substrate, substrate preparation, etc., should be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller However, it is suggested 6.5 Chip Resistance—The chip resistance of a primer or primer surfacer is the ability of a film to withstand sudden impact from stones, gravel, etc., without being loosened from the substrate Determine chip resistance by Test Method D3170 6.6 Color Difference-Pigmented Dry Film—The color differences between two similarly homogeneously colored, opaque film such as those formed by primers or primer D3322 − 82 (2017) 6.17.1 Sanding properties are normally expected of primer surfacers only Method 6321 of U.S Federal Test Method Standard No 141B covers this property 6.17.2 Prepare and dry a film of the material to be tested as specified in the product specification Scuff the surface of the dried film manually with 400 softback sandpaper Examine the film for gouging and deep scratches, and determine whether there has been any clogging of the sandpaper Depending on the end use of the primer surfacer involved, other methods of sanding may be used as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller 6.18 Water Resistance: 6.18.1 Testing of coating systems with water is helpful in determining their resistance to failure under conditions of high humidity or water immersion Failure in water tests is usually evidenced by blistering, dulling, softening, or loss of adhesion which does not disappear or recover upon evaporation of the absorbed water 6.18.2 Determine the resistance to failure under conditions of high humidity in accordance with Practice D1735 6.18.3 Determine the resistance to failure under conditions of water immersion in accordance with Practice D870 This test is best suited for coating systems that will actually be soaked in water during service 6.19 Weldability—In some instances it is necessary to weld metal that has been primed The welding characteristics of a primer or primer surfacer may be tested in accordance with U.S Military Specification MIL-P-46105 (MR), Section 4.4.11 that, unless otherwise agreed upon, prepare panels for outdoor exposure in accordance with Section of this practice 6.14.2 Many properties of organic coating systems should be evaluated periodically throughout the outdoor exposure period Where failures occur on a topcoated system, experience is required to determine whether or not the primer or primer surfacer is involved Properties most likely to involve the primer or primer surfacer may be evaluated as follows: blistering, Test Method D714; cracking, Test Method D661; rusting, Test Method D610; checking, Test Method D660 6.15 Print Resistance—A print test can be used to determine the degree of thermoplasticity or solvent retention of a film and hence whether the product can be safely stacked or packaged and, in the case of a thermoplastic film, at what temperature the film prints or mars A print test can also be used to determine the degree of marring due to pressure Determine the imprinting and thermoplasticity of primer or primer surfacer films as described in Test Method D2091 6.16 Salt Spray Resistance—Salt spray testing of coatings is helpful in determining their resistance to failure in service under conditions of high humidity and salt concentrations Under accelerated conditions of laboratory testing, the temperature, the pH, the concentration of the salt solution, and other physical properties can be controlled The selection of the substrate, the application technique, the choice of the topcoat, the manner in which the coating is scribed, the location or position of the panels within the cabinet, the length of the test, the inspection of panels, and the method of reporting results must be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller Test for salt spray resistance in accordance with Practice B117 Keywords 7.1 corrosion resistance; filiform corrosion; holdout; primers; primer surfacers; sanding properties 6.17 Sanding Properties: ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity 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