FORMAL AND INFORMAL WORD LIST Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 1 Collected and Shared by Tran Manh Trung – Foreign Language Department Hong Duc University – Th[.]
Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa Collected and Shared by Tran Manh Trung – Foreign Language Department Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa Province ************************ THE BEST GUIDES TO IELTS WRITING Thanh Hoa City 12/2012 Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa FORMAL AND INFORMAL WORD LIST (Collected and selected by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University) Rules for formal writing are quite strict, though often unstated Formal writing is used in academic and scientific settings whenever you want to convey your ideas to a wide audience, with many possible backgrounds and assumptions Unlike casual conversation or emails to friends, formal writing needs to be clear, unambiguous, literal, and well structured Table 01: Ord INFORMAL/EVERYDAY FORMAL/ACADEMIC VIETNAMESE MEANING 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 a lot of/ loads of/ plenty of a bit to get together to start/to begin big thing stuff to find out to again a great deal of /numerous/ several Somewhat (before adj or adv.)/ slightly to collaborate with sbd on smth to initiate/to commence smth/v-ing large (number/percentage), considerable device/object material to ascertain/discover to repeat nhiều chút cộng tác bắt đầu khởi đầu lớn, to lớn vật dụng/vật thể chất liệu, vật liệu tìm ra, tìm thấy lặp lại Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 37 38 to well to set up to cut down on to go up to come up with to look into to go up and down to bring up a question to get rid of to turn down smth to turn out smth to take smth back to put off smth to put up with to put away smth to put down to smth to come about to give up to go back/give back to give off smth to give away to carry out smth to seem to climb to help to stop to use to shorten to show to go to succeed to establish to reduce to increase to create to investigate to fluctuate to raise a question to eliminate to refuse to produce to retract (a statement) to postpone smth to tolerate to save to attribute to to occur to relinquish return to swh/ smth to produce (heat) to betray to conduct to appear to ascend to assist/ aid to cease to consume to decrease/ to abbreviate to demonstrate to depart thành công thiết lập giảm bớt tăng lên tạo điều tra dao động đưa vấn đề loại bỏ từ chối làm ra, tạo rút lại hoãn lại chịu đựng tiết kiệm, để dành quy cho, gán cho xảy từ bỏ trở lại/ trả lại sản sinh, tạo tiết lộ, phản bội tiến hành hình như, dường lên, tăng lên (số lượng) giúp đỡ dừng lại dùng, tiêu dùng giảm bớt/ rút ngắn ra, chứng minh đi, khởi hành Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 to want to end to tell to keep to say no to free to mend/ to fix to need to live in the end at once at the same time at first on and off mainly next again and again so understanding lack chance sweat house sight friendly whole lively lucky to desire to finish/ to terminate to inform preserve/ retain to reject to release/ to liberate to repair to require to reside finally/ultimately immediately simultaneously/ concurrently initially intermittently principally/primarily subsequently repeatedly therefore/ consequently comprehension deficiency opportunity perspiration residence vision amiable complete energetically/animated fortunate mong muốn kết thúc thơng tin, cho biết giữ gìn/ giữ từ chối trả tự do, phóng thích sửa chữa cần tại, trú cuối đồng thời, lúc gián đoạn, lúc có lúc khơng chủ yếu lặp lặp lại thế, hiểu thiếu hụt hội, dịp mồ hôi nơi cư trú (count) khả nhìn, thị giác thân mật toàn đầy sinh lực/ sống động may mắn Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 childish wrong worse cheap dim mad to lay back in charge of enough better clear empty to ask for hot (topic) more and more to get bad to get worse horrible to come in to talk about to go down to come up with to look at to pin down to experience the influence of Let’s consider … I love/like/prefer On top of that immature/ infantile incorrect/questionable inferior to inexpensive indistinct insane to relax responsible for sufficient superior to transparent vacant to require/ to request controversial Increasingly/ unceasingly/non-stop to obtain/ to receive disappointing to deteriorate unacceptable to enter to discuss to descend to suggest to examine to determine to be influenced It is important to consider … Personally, I favour … Another point is … trẻ (tính cách) sai/ có vấn đề thấp rẻ không rõ ràng, mờ điên thư giãn chịu trách nhiệm đầy đủ tốt hơn, giỏi rõ ràng trống khơng địi hỏi, u cầu gây tranh cãi tăng lên không ngừng đạt được, lấy , mua tồi tệ, đáng thất vọng trở nên xấu chấp nhận, kinh khủng vào thảo luận xuống, giảm xuống gợi ý, đưa xem xét tâm , dứt khoát chịu ảnh hưởng cân nhắc, xem xét Tơi thích, tơi ủng hộ điểm khác Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 126 Government must make laws In a nutshell Every coin has two sides by chance to try to swap as far as x goes to skip by accident kids O.K to make up for to catch on smth to go down with a disease to go up to get in touch with to let somebody know to call off to sort out to deal with small to think of about to (research) hard to keep up a lot stand for next There is a need for laws To state it briefly/ In brief There are advantages and disadvantages to Incidentally to attempt/ to endeavor to exchange in respect of / with respect to omit/not attend smth accidentally infants/offsprings acceptable/ satisfactory to compensate for to understand to contract a disease to increase to contact to inform to cancel to resolve to handle/ to address minimal/limited/ modest to conceive of/imagine an estimated, approximately, roughly to carry out, perform, undertake difficult, problematic,challenging to maintain a substantial amount, a considerable sum denote, represent adjacent cần có luật … tóm lại vấn đề có ưu điểm nhược điểm cố gắng trao đổi đối với, phần bỏ qua, khơng tham dự ngẫu nhiên, tình cờ trẻ em được, chấp nhận đền bù, bù lại nắm bắt, hiểu mắc bệnh tăng lên liên hệ liên lạc cho biết huỷ bỏ, bãi bỏ giải quyết, đến định giải quyết, xử lý nhỏ, bé nghĩ về, suy tính khoảng chừng tiến hành (nghiên cứu), đảm nhiệm khó khăn trì nhiều chỉ, thay cho kề cận Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 prove rich the same as drink man old people crooks great, awesome sick of, fed up with feature before to think (that) Because Nobody can say I think that About And but to write a cheque carefull/cautious to check to agree with to go over to hand / to give In accordance with to involve lost to make sure to order confirm affluent, wealthy, prosperous equivalent to beverage (count) male senior citizens, retirees offenders, lawbreakers preferable, desirable dissatisfied with characteristic Prior to to assume (that) Owing to or due to the fact that/As a result of It is impossible to predict … It seems that/ It could be argued that Regarding/ Concerning as well as while/whereas to issue a checque prudent (imprudent)/prudential to verify to be bound by exeed to submit Pursuant to to entail inadvertently mislaid to ensure to authorise khẳng định giàu có giống nhau, tương đương đồ uống đàn ơng người cao tuổi tội phạm tuyệt vời, đáng ao ước không hài lịng đặc điểm trước cho Khơng dự đốn trước nNười ta nói Về, phần còn, nưng, mà viết tờ ngân phiếu cẩn thận, thận trọng kiểm tra đồng ý với vượt quá, mức trình lên, nộp Phù hợp với kéo theo, kèm theo vơ tình thất lạc để đảm bảo uỷ quyền Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 to pay to supply to take away when we get … Whenever we like / want One after the other There are no big differences between This shows that to put smth into action etc./ and so forth./ and so on i.e e.g vs nice/ cute smart come lifestyle 19th century workmate tired drunk sad who to get your money back to pay your bills really to go up to to work breathing to settle to furnish to withdraw On receipt of … Without prior notice … At regular intervals No significant differences emerges between This demonstrates that To be implemented/ carried out among other examples namely, / that is, For example, versus/as apposed of attractive intelligent arrive way of life / manner of life The nineteenth century colleague exhausted intoxicated dejected whom ( đại từ tân ngữ, sau giới từ) refund your payment to settle your account extremely to reach to function respiration trả tiền, toán cung cấp lấy ra, rút (tiền) Khi nhận … Không báo trước … Đều đặn Khơng có khác biệt đáng kể Điều Được tiến hành, đưa vào hoạt động v.v tức là, chẳng hạn ví dụ chống lại, ngược với hấp dẫn, lơi thông minh đến lối sống Không viết tắt đồng nghiệp mệt mỏi bị say rượu buồn, chán nản lấy lại tiền trả tiền hoá đơn mua hàng, toán cực kỳ, vô lên tới (con số), đạt tới hoạt động hô hấp Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 meat-eater chance wrong died out relevant relatives copy break mix preference to come across to away with to build up to finish off to back up to put forward to put across to obey a law poor country That’s why/ why new dependence quarrel In the same way to look for way money to imagine place carnivore opportunity erroneous extinct pertinent kindred imitate fracture blend predilection to find to abolish to accumulate to conclude to support/to advocate propose to express to comply with a law developing country For this reason, … / … the reason for … novel surbodination debate/dispute Similarly, to seek manner/solution currency to conceive / conceivably location động vật ăn thịt hội sai sót tuyệt chủng thích đáng, chỗ họ hàng thân tộc bắt chước đập vỡ pha trộn thiên vị tìm thấy bãi bỏ tích luỹ kết luận ủng hộ đề xuất, đề nghị biểu lộ, bày tỏ tuân thủ pháp luật nước nghèo Ví lý phụ thuộc Cãi Tương tự Tìm kiếm giải pháp tiền tệ tưởng tượng nơi, vị trí Collected and shared by Tran Manh Trung – Hong Duc University – Thanh Hoa 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 viewpoint fast/quickly how much when (conj) In/For many years to make smth better /to get better To put on weight verb + not + any + noun verb + not + many/much + noun to give as you can be seen wood to describe to learn by heart to go on may be somehow job to take on to give dad plane (not) smoke to follow these guidelines gran/granny/nana every year/ each year glasses shop fridge stance rapidly/ as a matter of urgency to what extent (not applicable to price or amount) At the time of … During a considearble period of years to improve/to upgrade to gain weight verb + no + noun verb + few/little + noun to provide as can be seen timber to depict to memorise to continue possibly, perhaps in a certain way occupation employ donate, contribute father aeroplane to refrain from smoking to adhere to these guidelines grandmother annually spectacles retail outlet refrigerator 10 lập trường, quan điểm nhanh tới mức độ Khi mà Trong nhiều năm cải thiện, làm cho tốt Tăng cân … khơng (cái gì) … khơng (cái gì) đưa cho, cung cấp ta thấy gỗ mơ tả ghi nhớ tiếp tục có lẽ cách nghề nghiệp th cho, tặng bố máy bay khơng hút thuốc theo dẫn bà năm kính đeo mắt cửa hiệu tủ lạnh