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Exercise Exercise chapter 1 (Oil and Gas Properties) SECTION 01 1 Fill in the following blanks using one (or more) of the gas categories A Carbon dioxide; B Hydrogen sulfide; C Inert gases can form bo[.]
Exercise chapter (Oil and Gas Properties) SECTION 01 Fill in the following blanks using one (or more) of the gas categories: A Carbon dioxide; B Hydrogen sulfide; C Inert gases _ can form both inorganically and organically _ is poisonous and highly corrosive _ can usually be found in trace amounts in hydrocarbons, but not often is there more than a trace _ forms during the oxidation of organic material _ is the controlling factor in classifying gas or oil as sweet or sour _ is often associated with evaporites within a hydrocarbon province _ can only form inorganically (for example near volcanic plugs) Match each of the "Gas" terms above with its definition below by placing the correct letter in the space provided A Free Gas is comprised of heavier hydrocarbon gases stored under pressure in a liquid form B Dissolved is natural gas which overlies crude oil as a gas Gas cap. C Associated is defined as mostly methane gas. Gas D Dry Gas is hydrocarbon gas (usually methane) which is compressed into liquid for storage and transportation E Wet Gas is in a gaseous phase in the subsurface reservoir and remains in a gaseous phase when produced. contains heavier hydrocarbon gases as well as F NGL methane are the hydrocarbon liquids which are G LPG separated from the produced-gas stream. H LNG is in solution within crude oil in the subsurface reservoir, but bubbles out of solution when pressure and temperature drops. Methane is the lightest natural gas and has a formula of CH4 What are the next heavier hydrocarbon gases, and what are their formulas? A) What are the conditions under which gas hydrates form? B) What are the two known environments of deposition of hydrates? C) Do clathrates contain more or less gas than a free-gas-filled pore system? D) What are the two major problems in producing natural gas from gas hydrates? E) What is the present (indirect) economic significance of clathrates? How does API gravity (in degrees) relate to density (as measured by specific gravity)? to viscosity? What is condensate? How does it form? Circle one Paraffins Resins/ Asphaltenes Aromatics Naphthenes are/ are not saturated with respect to hydrogen. are/ are not pure hydrocarbons. are/ are not saturated with respect to hydrogen are/ are not pure hydrocarbons. are/ are not saturated with respect to hydrogen are/ are not pure hydrocarbons. are/ are not saturated with respect to hydrogen. are/ are not pure hydrocarbons. In addition to the four major constituents of crude oil (paraffins, resins/asphaltenes, aromatics and naphthenes), there are three major elements and one group of compounds which are also found as trace amounts within hydrocarbons What are they? What are the four major causes for alteration of crude oil? 10 Shown in (Figure 1) is the Tissot and Welte hydrocarbon classification scheme On the diagram indicate the areas where the following would be found: A) Paraffinic oils; B) Paraffinic-naphthenic oils; C) Aromatic-intermediate oils; D) Heavy degraded oils 11 Match the oil environments below with the correct oil type (by letter) typically found there (These are generalizations.) A: high API gravity, medium viscosity, paraffinic and low sulfur content. B: highest API gravity, lowest viscosity, lowest sulfur content. C: lowest API gravity, high viscosity, low paraffinic content, high aromatic content Young Shallow Oils Young Deep Oils Old Shallow Oils Old Deep Oils SECTION 02 I Gas Properties and Classifications 1 Which of these statements are regarding non-hydrocarbon gases is TRUE? (A) Non-hydrocarbon gases are exclusively inorganic in origin (B) Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are the most significant non-hydrocarbon gases occurring in petroleum (C) Hydrogen sulfide is a non-corrosive gas 2 In the presence of organic matter, anhydrite may be converted to: (A) Calcium sulfate (B) Water (C) Calcite (D) Carbon dioxide 3 Natural gas that is found in reservoirs that NOT contain crude oil is called: (A) Wet gas (B) Dissolved gas (C) Free gas (D) Nonassociated gas (E) Associated gas 4 The paraffin series has the basic formula of: (A) CnH2n-2 (B) CnH2n (C) CnH2n+2 5 is comprised of heavier hydrocarbon gases, usually propane and butane (A) Natural gas liquid (B) Liquified petroleum gas (C) Liquified natural gas 6 Gas hydrates are formed as subsurface pressure and temperature (A) increases ; decreases (B) decreases; increases (C) increases ; increases II Crude oil Properties, Classifications and Alterations 1 As the density of a crude oil increases, what happens to its viscosity? (A) The viscosity decreases (B) The viscosity increases (C) The viscosity stays the same 2 API gravity is to crude oil density (A) directly proportional (B) inversely proportional (C) unrelated 3 Which of the following groups of compounds is NOT pure hydrocarbon? (A) Paraffins (B) Naphthenes (C) Aromatics (D) Asphaltenes 4 Paraffins with less than _ carbon atoms are gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures (A) Two (B) Four (C) Five (D) Seven 5 Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of naphthenes? (A) Closed ring (B) Straight chain 6 Aromatics are hydrocarbons that are _ with respect to hydrogen (A) saturated (B) unsaturated 7 The resins and asphaltenes are complex compounds referred to as: (A) NSO (B) ASO (C) SSO (D) NNS 8 After carbon and hydrogen, which of these elements is the most commonly found in crude oils? (A) Oxygen (B) Sulfur (C) Nitrogen 9 Which of these crude oil types tend to be relatively heavy, with high sulfur content? (A) Paraffinic (B) Paraffinic-naphthenic (C) Aromatic-intermediate 10 _ oils tend to have the lowest viscosity, the lowest density and the lowest sulfur content (A) Deep (B) Shallow (C) Old (D) Young (E) A and C (F) B and D