UNIT 1 – A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 Tiếng Anh ÔN THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 I NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) TOPIC 1 TENSES (Thì) TENSES USE SIGNAL WORDS EXAMPLES SIMPLE PRESENT (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)[.]
Đề cương ơn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh ƠN THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 I NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) TOPIC 1: TENSES (Thì) TENSES USE SIMPLE PRESENT - thói quen (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) - thật, chân lí Động từ thường +: S + V1 / V(s/es) -: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V ?: Do / Does + S + V …? Động từ to be: S + am/ is / are … PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) +: S + am/is/are + V-ing -: S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving - hành động diễn vào lúc nói - dự định thực tương lai gần - hành động có tính chất tạm thời ?: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing? PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) +: S + has / have + P.P -: S + has / have + not + P.P - hành động bắt đầu khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp tục tương lai - hành động vừa xảy ?: Has / Have + S + P.P? SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) +: S + V2 / V-ed -: S + didn’t + V ?: Did + S + V ….? PAST PROGRESSIVE (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) - hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm xác định khứ - chuỗi hành động xảy liên tục khứ - thói quen khứ SIGNAL WORDS - always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, every, normally, regularly, occasionally, as a rule … EXAMPLES - She often goes to school late - The sun rises in the east - at the moment, now, right now, at present - Look! - Listen! - Be quiet! - Keep silence! Note: số động từ thường không dùng với tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell, be - lately, recently (gần đây) - so far, up to now, up to the present (cho tới bây giờ) - already, ever, never, just, yet, for + khoảng th/g, since + mốc th/g - how long … - this is the first time/second time… - many times / several times - yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in 1990, in the past, … - I can’t answer the phone I’m having a bath - She is going to the cinema tonight - He often goes to work by car, but today he is taking a bus - hành động xảy - at that time, at (9 thời điểm xác o’clock) last night, at this - I have learnt English for five years - She has just received a letter from her father - She went to London last year - The man came to the door, unlocked it, entered the room, went to the bed and lay down on it - When we were students, we often went on a picnic every weekend - He was doing his homework at Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh +: S + was / were + V-ing -: S + was / were + not + Ving định khứ - hai hành động xảy đồng thời khứ time (last week), o’clock last night - The children were playing football while their mother was cooking the meal - hành động xảy tương lai - định đưa vào lúc nói - tomorrow, next, in 2020, … - I think / guess - I am sure / I am not sure - He will come back tomorrow - The phone is ringing I will answer it ?: Was / Were + S + Ving…? SIMPLE FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) +: S + will / shall + V… -: S + will / shall + not + V (won’t / shan’t + V) ?: Will / Shall + S + V …? Lưu ý cách dùng Be going to + V - diễn tả dự định đặt trước Ex: She is going to buy a new computer (She has saved for a year) - diễn tả dự đoán có Ex: The sky is absolutely dark It is going to rain Note: - hai hành động xảy khứ: hành động ngắn dùng khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng khứ tiếp diễn Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school hành động xảy trước dùng q khứ hồn thành, hành động xảy sau dùng khứ đơn Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends Một số cách hịa hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề thời gian: (Mệnh đề chính) Hiện Quá khứ Tương lai (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian) Hiện Quá khứ Hiện TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD It (start) - to rain while the boys (play) football QKTD + while + QKTD Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) here since I (graduate) - After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) - to bed Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT Before she (have) dinner, she (write) - letter EXERCISES Part A: Multiple Choices He was writing to his friend when he a noise A was hearing B heard C had heard I many people since I came here in June D hears Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh A met B has met C was meeting D have met We maths at this time last week A were learning B are learning C was learning D learnt She was playing games while he a football match A watched B watches C was watching D watching She to Ho Chi Minh city last year A goes B has gone C go D went Since we came here, we a lot of acquaintances A have had B had C have D are having he playing football now? A Will B Does C Was D Is Every morning, I often sit in my garden and to my nightingale sing A listening B listen C listened D listens She school when she was six A start B started C has started D are starting 10 I TV when the telephone rang A watched B was watching C are watching D have watched 11 I will contact you as soon as I _the information A will get B get C got D had got 12 If he's late again, I _ very angry A am going to be B will be C would be D am 13 A: “The phone is ringing” B “ I it” A answer B will answer C have answered D will be answering 14 Yesterday, I _ for work late because I _ to set my alarm A had left / forgot B was leaving / was forgetting C left / had forgot D had been leaving / would forget 15 By the time we to the train station, Susan _ for us for more than two hours A will get / has been waiting B got / was waiting C got / had been waiting D get / will wait 16 While her brother was in the army, Sarah _ to him twice a week A was writing B wrote C has written D had written 17 The Titanic _ the Atlantic when it _ an iceberg A was crossing / struck B had crossed / was striking C crossed / had struck D is crossing / strikes 18 In the 19th century, it _ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon A took B had taken C had taken D was taking 19 Last night at this time, they _ the same thing She and he _ the Newspaper A are not doing / is cooking / is reading B were not doing / was cooking / was reading C was not doing / has cooked / is reading D had not done / was cooking /read 20 After he his English course, he went to England to continue his study A finish B finishes C finished D had finished 21 It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema A We have been to the cinema for a long time B We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time C We don’t go to the cinema as we used to D We wish we went to the cinema now 22 The last time I saw Rose was three years ago A I didn’t see Rose for three years B I haven’t seen Rose three years ago C I haven’t seen Rose since three years D I haven’t seen Rose for three years 23 I haven't visited the museum for three months A It is three months since I have visited the museum B I didn't visit the museum three months ago C The last time I had visited the museum was three months ago D It is three months since I visited the museum 24 "John began playing the piano 10 years ago" A John played the piano 10 years ago C Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh John has played the piano for 10 years B John doesn't play the piano anymore 25 The last time I saw her was a week ago A I haven't seen her for a week B I have seen her for a week John used to play the piano 10 years ago D C I haven't seen her since a week D I have seen her since a week Part B: ERROR REGCONITION When I walk past the park, I saw some children play football A B C D After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed A B C D What did you at o'clock last night? I phoned you but nobody answered A B C D When I arrived at the station, the train has already left A B C D Ann and Susan have known each other during they were at school A B C D She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now A B C D After Mrs Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner A B C D It’s the first time I saw this film A B C D After he graduates from university, he joined the army A B C D 10 Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president A B C D PART C: WRITE THE CORRECT TENSES Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail) London (change) _ a lot since we first (come) to live here I (spend) a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job She (have) a hard life, but she’s always smiling He sometimes (come) to see his parents Last month I (be) _ in the hospital for ten days What you (do) when I (ring) you last night? I (not see) him since last Sunday My mother (come) to stay with us next week 10 When he lived in Manchester, he (work) _ in a bank 11 Columbus (discover) _ America more than 400 years ago 12 Listen! The birds (sing) 13 You (receive) _ any letter from your parents yet? 14 How long Bob and Mary (be) _ married? 15 She (ask) _ me to tellabout him several times 16 John (watch) TV at 8:00 last evening 17 He (do) his homework before he (go) _ to the cinema 18 Hurry up! The train (come) 19 We (not talk) _ to each other for a long time 20 He (feel) _ asleep while he (do) his homework TOPIC 2: PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động) I CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Active: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT Passive: SUBJECT + BE + P.P + BY + OBJECT II CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ THÌ HTĐ HTTD HTHT QKĐ QKTD TLĐ CHỦ ĐỘNG V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + V-ing Has / have + V3 V2 / V-ed Was / were + V-ing Will / shall + V1 BỊ ĐỘNG Am / is / are + V3 Am / is / are + being + V3 Has / have + been + V3 Was / were + V3 Was / were + being + V3 Will / shall + be + V3 Note: - Trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ thời gian đứng sau by + O - Nếu chủ từ câu chủ động từ phủ định (noone, nobody) đổi sang câu bị động phủ định - Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, they … câu chủ động bỏ “by + O” câu bị động EXERCISES PART A: Change into passive voice The teacher corrects our exercises at home Alice gave me a wonderful present They are building several new schools in our town We have made great progress in industry, science and medicine Sam killed a lion last week You must hand in your report before the end of this month I had just finished the job when the factory closed No one has opened that box for the past hundred years She is going to mail these letters soon 10 He should finish the report yesterday PART B: MULTIPLE CHOICES 11 Many U.S automobiles in Detroit, Michigan A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing 12 When I came, an experiment in the lab A was being holding B has been held C was being held D has held 13 Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill It everything in its path A destroyed B was destroyed C was being destroyed D had been destroyed 14 This exercise may with a pencil A be written B be to write C be writing D write 15 This picture by Johnny when I came Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh A painted B was painted C was being painted D had been painted 16 They speak much about this book A This book is much spoken about B This book is much spoken C This book is much about spoken D This book are much spoken about 17 My shirt by my sister on my last birthday A gave B was given C had been given D was being given 18 Hamlet was wrote by William Shakespeare A B C D 19 Daisy's ring is make of gold A B C D 20 This exercise may with a pencil A be written B be to write C be writing D write 21 The university by private funds as well as by tuition income A is supported B supports C is supporting D has supported 22 He broke my watch A My watch were broken B My watch be broken C My watch is broken D My watch was broken 23 You have to your homework every day A Your homework has been done every day B Your homework has to by you every day C Your homework has to be done every day D Your homework have to be done every day 24 Lots of houses _ by the earthquake A are destroying B destroyed C were destroying D were destroyed 25 The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell A invented B is inventing C be invented D was invented TOPIC 3: WISH CLAUSES (Mệnh đề mong ước) Có dạng câu mong ước: - Mong ước không thật tại: KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O (to be: were / weren’t) PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V… Ex: Ben isn’t here I wish Ben were here I wish I could swim Ex: She failed her exam last year She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam - Mong ước không thật tương lai KĐ: S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1 PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1 Ex: I wish you would stop smoking Note: S + wish(es) thay If only Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat = If only I weren’t so fat - Mong ước khơng thật q khứ: (học chương trình THPT) KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed EXERCISES I wish I (see) her off at the airport yesterday Tom wishes he (have) _ enough money to buy a new car now Mary wishes she (become) _ an astronaut someday He wishes he (not/buy) that old car I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party I really wish ………………………………………………… Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh I’m sorry I can’t help you your homework I wish ………………………………………………… She doesn’t like to work with him She wishes …………………………………………… I don't understand this point of grammar I wish I it better A understood B would understand C had understood D understands It never stops raining here I wish it raining A stopped B would stop C had stopped D will stop 10 I miss my friends I wish my friends here right now A were B would be C had been D was 11 I should never have said that I wish I that A didn't say B wouldn't say C hadn't said D says 12 I speak terrible English I wish I English well A spoke B would speak C had spoken D speaks 13 I cannot sleep The dog next door is making too much noise I wish it quiet A kept B would keep C had kept D will keep 14 This train is very slow The earlier train was much faster I wish I the earlier train A caught B would catch C had caught D catches 15 I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent I wish I _ it A saw B would see C had seen D seen 16 I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold I wish I out A didn't go B wouldn't go C hadn't gone D went 17 This movie is terrible I wish we to see another one A went B would go C had gone D go 18 I wish I more careful with my money in the future A would be B should be C could be D had been 19 George now wishes he hasn’t broken his encouragement with Marian A B C D 20 I sometimes wish that I will have another car A B C D 21 I wishes you had been at the meeting yesterday A B C D 22 I wish I didn’t say that to him yesterday A B C D 23 She wishes that we didn’t send her the candy yesterday because she’s on a diet A B C D TOPIC 4: PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN) AT: vào lúc - dùng thời gian ngày At + At midnight nừa đêm At night buổi tối At lunchtime vào ăn trưa At sunset lúc mặt trời lặn At sunrise lúc mặt trời lặn Dawn lúc bình minh At noon trưa (lúc 12 trưa) - dùng dịp lễ hội, thời khắc At the weekend (người Mỹ Úc dùng on the weekend) At Easter vào lễ phục sinh At Christmas vào lễ Giáng sinh At New Year Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh At present, At the moment At this / that time At the same time thời gian At the end / beginning of this month / next month At the age of lứa tuổi Ex: He came to live in London at the age of twenty five Tom and Peter arrived at the same time ON: vào - dùng thứ tuần, ngày tháng On Monday, On 14th February, On this / that day - dùng buổi ngày On Sunday evenings On Christmas Day, On New Year’s Day, On my birthday IN: - dùng buổi ngày nói chung, kỳ nghỉ, học kỳ In the morning / afternoon / evening In the Easter holiday In the summer term học kỳ hè In the summer holiday kỳ nghỉ hè - dùng cho tháng, mùa, năm, thập kỷ, kỷ, thời đại thiên niên kỷ In August , In the summer / winter / spring / autumn, In 2010, In the 1990s, In the 19th century In the Middle Ages, In the 3rd millennium - dùng số cụm từ để thời gian tương lai In a moment / in a few minutes / in an hour / in a day / in a week / in six months In the end cuối * Note: On time (không trễ) In time lúc, kịp lúc In the end cuối In the end ≠ at first Ex: He got more and more angry In the end, he walked out of the room EXERCISES She often plays the piano …………….night I always go …………… … school ……………….…foot It never snows here………………… …… Christmas The country looks beautiful………………….……spring I can see you……………….……Monday I live…………….…… the country, but she lives…………… … the city We have lived in Hanoi ………… years I don’t like get up ……………… the morning He had learned the whole poem……………… heart 10 He always comes ………….………bus 11 This book is…………… ……Dickens 12 Is Miss Smith…………….… home? 13 I have breakfast …………….…….7.30 every morning 14 There is a meeting …………………1pm and 3pm 15 My birthday is ……………… ….May 5th 16 My birthday is …………………… the 5th 17 She has been here …………………… yesterday 18 I like swimming …………… ……the summer 19 We get a lot of rain……………… …… November 20 I will stay there till the beginning ………….June Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh TOPIC 5: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES I ADVERB CLAUSES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết bắt đầu từ so, therefore (vì vậy, thế) Lưu ý dấu chấm câu so therefore Ex: He is ill so he can’t go to school / He is ill, so he can’t go to school He is ill Therefore, he can’t go to school / He is ill; therefore, he can’t go to school Một số liên từ khác cần lưu ý: and, but, however, because, since, as Rewrite the sentences using “SO” / “THEREFORE” They couldn’t help you because they are not here She doesn’t study hard and she can’t pass the exam I can’t go out because it is raining The test was so long that I can’t finish it II ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON (Mệnh đề lý do) Mệnh đề lý do: Because / As / Since + S + V Cụm từ lý Because of / Due to + V-ing / Noun Cách rút gọn mệnh đề lý sang cụm từ lý a … because + đại từ + be + adj → because of + tính từ sở hữu + N b …because + N + be + adj → because of + the + adj + N c … because + S + V + O → because of + V-ing + O (2chủ từ phải giống nhau) Một số tính từ, danh từ thông dụng - lazy (a) laziness (n) - poor (a) poverty (n) - happy (a) happiness (n) - dark (a) darkness (n) - intelligent (a) intelligence (n) - old (a) age (n) III ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng từ nhượng bộ) Mệnh đề nhượng bộ: Although / Even though / Though + S + V, S + V + O: Cụm từ nhượng bộ: (Tham khảo thêm) Despite / in spite of + V-ing / Noun phrase: Rút gọn mệnh đề nhượng thành cụm từ nhượng bộ: a Though / although + đại từ + be + adj → Despite / In spite of + tính từ sở hữu + N b Though / although + N + be + adj Despite / in spite of + the + adj + N a Though / although + S + V + O Despite / in spite of + V-ing + O (2 chủ từ phải giống nhau) Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh EXERCISE Rewrite sentences using “ALTHOUGH”, “DESPITE”, “IN SPITE OF” She didn’t eat much She was hungry The plane took off The weather was bad He is very strong I’m not afraid of him We could the test It was very difficult Although it got dard, they continue to work She works very hard although she is old Despite the bad weather, we went out Though she is poor, she lived very happily TOPIC 6: CONNECTIVES (Từ nối) and (và): dùng để thêm thông tin bổ sung or (hoặc): diễn tả lựa chọn but (nhưng): nối hai ý tương phản so (vì thế, đó): diễn tả hậu therefore (vì thế, đó): đồng nghĩa với so, hậu however (tuy nhiên): diễn tả tương phản, đồng nghĩa với but EXERCISES He drives very (careful / carefully) She was (unhappy / unhappily) because of her bad result They speak English quite (good / well) You look (terrible / terribly) Are you all right? She sings very (beautiful / beautifully) Be (careful / carefully)! The teacher is looking at you It is an (interesting / interestingly) film PART A: Rewrite sentences using “BECAUSE”, “AND”, “BUT”, “SO”, “OR”, … He left school because of his hard life It was very dark I couldn’t see anything 10 He couldn’t meet you He is very busy 11 She was sick She went to bed early 12 She can’t work hard because of her age 13 Tom is sick He must go to school today 14 You must study harder You will go into another class 15 The air in the countryside is very fresh People like to live there PART B: Complete the sentences with a suitable connective words Is your brother big small? It is very hot today Nam goes out with out a hat Mr Brown is old, he doesn’t hard work now it rained very hard yesterday , the children went to school on time Which is faster, a car a motorbike? Sports are good for our health ; we should play volleyball, soccer and jog everyday I have many brothers I have only one sister Nowadays, water, air the soil are polluted Tom enjoys pop music, movies ; he like cartoon very much 10 Yesterday Lan bought a notebook, a pen a compass 11 I want to go to the circus with you I have to finish my homework 12 Quang failed the exam he was lazy 13 What would you like, soup noodles? 10 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng