1336 SECTION XII Pediatric Critical Care Environmental Injury and Trauma increase our insight into this important health problem 108 In the meantime, available literature suggests that children with s[.]
1336 S E C T I O N X I I Pediatric Critical Care: Environmental Injury and Trauma increase our insight into this important health problem.108 In the meantime, available literature suggests that children with severe hypothermia and absent circulation, even after submersion accidents and undergoing extracorporeal rewarming, can have a high survival rate with good neurologic function In nonresponders, support can usually be withdrawn within a few days.38,78 Key References Brown D, Ellerton J, Paal P, Boyd J Hypothermia evidence, afterdrop, and practical experience Wilderness Environ Med 2015;26(3):437-439 Hilmo J, Naesheim T, Gilbert M “Nobody is dead until warm and dead”: Prolonged resuscitation is warranted in arrested hypothermic victims also in remote areas: A retrospective study from northern Norway Resuscitation 2014;85(9):1204-1211 Mattu A, Brady WJ, Perron AD Electrocardiographic manifestations of hypothermia Am J Emerg Med 2002;20(4):314-326 Truhlar A, Deakin CD, Soar J, et al European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section Cardiac arrest in special circumstances Resuscitation 2015;95:148-201 Walpoth BH, Walpoth-Aslan BN, Mattle HP, et al Outcome of survivors of accidental deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest treated with extracorporeal blood warming N Engl J Med 1997;337(21): 1500-1505 Zafren K, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, et al Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the out-of-hospital evaluation and treatment of accidental hypothermia Wilderness Environ Med 2014;25(4): 425-445 The full reference list for this chapter is available at ExpertConsult.com e1 References Danzl D Accidental Hypothermia Wilderness Medicine 6th ed Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2012 Zafren K, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, et al Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the out-of-hospital evaluation and treatment of accidental hypothermia Wilderness Environ Med 2014; 25(4):425-445 Soar J, Perkins GD, Abbas G, et al European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section Cardiac arrest in special circumstances: Electrolyte abnormalities, poisoning, drowning, accidental hypothermia, hyperthermia, asthma, anaphylaxis, cardiac surgery, trauma, pregnancy, electrocution Resuscitation 2010;81(10):1400-1433 Pasquier M, Zurron N, Weith B, et al Deep accidental hypothermia with core temperature below 24 degrees C presenting with vital signs High Alt Med Biol 2014;15(1):58-63 Truhlar A, Deakin CD, Soar J, et al European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section Cardiac arrest in special circumstances Resuscitation 2015;95:148-201 Brugger H, Durrer B, Elsensohn F, Paal P, et al Resuscitation of avalanche victims: Evidence-based guidelines of the international commission for mountain emergency medicine (ICAR MEDCOM): intended for physicians and other advanced life support personnel Resuscitation 2013;84(5):539-546 Durrer B, Brugger H, Syme D, International Commission for Mountain Emergency M The medical on-site treatment of hypothermia: ICAR-MEDCOM recommendation High Alt Med Biol 2003;4(1):99-103 Brown DJ, Brugger H, Boyd J, Paal P Accidental hypothermia N Engl J Med 2012;367(20):1930-1938 Hoek TLV, Morrison LJ, Shuster M, et al Part 12: Cardiac Arrest in Special Situations 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Circulation 2010;122(18 suppl 3):S829-S861 10 Bunya N, Sawamoto K, Kakizaki R, et al Successful resuscitation for cardiac arrest due to severe accidental hypothermia accompanied by mandibular rigidity: a case of cold stiffening mimicking rigor mortis Int J Emerg Med 2018;11(1) 11 Hanania NA, Zimmerman JL Accidental hypothermia Crit Care Clin 1999;15(2):235-249 12 Reuler JB Hypothermia: pathophysiology, clinical settings, and management Ann Intern Med 1978;89(4):519-527 13 Mattu A, Brady WJ, Perron AD Electrocardiographic manifestations of hypothermia Am J Emerg Med 2002;20(4):314-326 14 Danzl DF, Pozos RS Accidental hypothermia N Engl J Med 1994;331(26):1756-1760 15 Frei C, Darocha T, Debaty G, et al Clinical characteristics and outcomes of witnessed hypothermic cardiac arrest: A systematic review on rescue collapse Resuscitation 2019;137:41-48 16 Cheng D The EKG of hypothermia J Emerg Med 2002;22(1):87-91 17 Aslan S, Erdem AF, Uzkeser M, Cakir Z, Cakir M, Akoz A The Osborn wave in accidental hypothermia J Emerg Med 2007;32(3): 271-273 18 Aizawa Y, Sato T, Igarashi Y, Ojima K, Aizawa Y Osborn wave in accidental hypothermia Intern Med 2006;45(5):333-334 19 Nolan J, Soar J Images in resuscitation: the ECG in hypothermia Resuscitation 2005;64(2):133-134 20 Gussak I, Bjerregaard P, Egan TM, Chaitman BR ECG phenomenon called the J wave History, pathophysiology, and clinical significance J Electrocardiol 1995;28(1):49-58 21 Tveita T Rewarming from hypothermia Newer aspects on the pathophysiology of rewarming shock Int J Circumpolar Health 2000;59(3-4):260-266 22 Olsen DH, Gothgen IH [Treatment of accidental hypothermia] Ugeskr Laeger 2000;162(36):4790-4794 23 Delaney KA, Howland MA, Vassallo S, Goldfrank LR Assessment of acid-base disturbances in hypothermia and their physiologic consequences Ann Emerg Med 1989;18(1):72-82 24 Larach MG Accidental hypothermia Lancet 1995;345(8948): 493-498 25 Orlowski JP Drowning, near-drowning, and ice-water drowning JAMA 1988;260(3):390-391 26 Wanscher M, Agersnap L, Ravn J, et al Outcome of accidental hypothermia with or without circulatory arrest: experience from the Danish Praesto Fjord boating accident Resuscitation 2012;83(9): 1078-1084 27 Yoshitomi Y, Kojima S, Ogi M, Kuramochi M Acute renal failure in accidental hypothermia of cold water immersion Am J Kidney Dis 1998;31(5):856-859 28 Koht A, Cane R, Cerullo LJ Serum potassium levels during prolonged hypothermia Intensive Care Med 1983;9(5):275-277 29 Zydlewski AW, Hasbargen JA Hypothermia-induced hypokalemia Mil Med 1998;163(10):719-721 30 Owda A, Osama S Hemodialysis in management of hypothermia Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38(2):E8 31 Alfonzo A, Lomas A, Drummond I, McGugan E Survival after 5-h resuscitation attempt for hypothermic cardiac arrest using CVVH for extracorporeal rewarming Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24(3): 1054-1056 32 Jurkovich GJ, Greiser WB, Luterman A, Curreri PW Hypothermia in trauma victims: an ominous predictor of survival J Trauma 1987;27(9):1019-1024 33 Shafi S, Elliott AC, Gentilello L Is hypothermia simply a marker of shock and injury severity or an independent risk factor for mortality in trauma patients? 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