502 Ta bl e 27 4 Su m m ar y of s tu di es a ss es si ng t he u se o f in tr ad ia ly tic p ar en te ra l nu tr iti on a nd i nt ra pe ri to ne al n ut ri tio na l su pp le m en ta tio n am on g ch il[.]
Case series N = 4 Age: 17* (4 to 18) years Hemodialysis Krause et al [107] 2002 IDPN composed of amino acids (8.5%), glucose (10 or 15% dextrose), and 20% fat emulsion (max 0.2 g/kg/day) administered three times per week for 4 hours Case series N = 3 Age: 18* (17 to 25) years Hemodialysis Intervention Amino acid supplementation dosed at 0.25 g/kg and carnitine 25 mg/kg after dialysis Three times per week hemodialysis sessions of 4–5 hours Comparison group of healthy controls IDPN composed of dextrose (70%), novoamine (15%), and 20% lipid solution RDA 150% Study design Case series Goldstein et al [105] 2002 Intradialytic parenteral nutrition Study year published Population Zachwieja N = 10 [108] 1994 Age: 10 to 18 years Hemodialysis Healthy children N = 134 aged to 18 years to provide reference for normal plasma levels of free amino acids Conclusion No significant improvement Weight decreased 0.6 ± 2.7% per month and BMI decreased 1.3 ± 2.7% per month pre-IDPN Weight increased 1.8 ± 2.1% per month and BMI increased 1.3 ± 2.1% per month during IDPN Short-term IDPN improved appetite and oral caloric intake Outcome(s) of interest Plasma levels of essential amino acid did not improve Mean increase of 4.5 ± 1.7% in dry body weight from the start of study to end among children receiving amino acid and carnitine supplementation Monthly percent change in weight and BMI in pre-IDPN period versus IDPN interval There was no change in weight or BMI immediately after the start of IDPN There was an increase in body weight (from a mean of 25 to 26.7 kg) and BMI (from a mean of 13.5 to 16.6 kg/m2) 3 months after cessation of IDPN treatment Duration Total 3 months duration; 1 month supplemented, o1 month taken off, 1 month supplemented again Compared 4 months prior to starting IDPN with the first 5 months of IDPN to 12 weeks Table 27.4 Summary of studies assessing the use of intradialytic parenteral nutrition and intraperitoneal nutritional supplementation among children with end-stage renal disease 502 B J Foster and A Tsampalieros N = 9 Age: 19.9 (16 to 26) years Hemodialysis Case series Conclusion Growth was comparable in the dextrose and amino acid dialysis periods Growth rates were comparable in the amino acid and glucose dialysis groups Outcome(s) of interest Height-for-age did not show significant change before or after amino acid dialysis No significant difference in the change in height between those receiving amino acid dialysate versus glucose Duration Total 12–18 months: 6 months dextrose followed by 6–12 months of amino acid solution for morning exchange Total 6 months: 3 months amino acid or dextrose then crossed over to alternate regimen for 3 months Amino acid dialysate containing ten essential and four nonessential amino acids compared to 2.5% dextrose dialysate No statistically significant improvement in dry weight, BMI-, or height-for age SDS Overall nonsignificant change in percent body weight and BMI Intervention 1% amino acid solution consisting of 16 amino acids Six of nine participants had an increase in weight and BMI, which was measured as the mean monthly change for the 5 months before and up to 5 months after the start of IDPN Dry weight-for-age SDS at start −1.17 ± 1.12 and at the end −1.22 ± 1.03 p = 0.59 BMI-for-age SDS at the start of therapy −0.89 ± 1.37 and at the end −0.9 ± 1.39 p = 0.9 Height-for-age SDS at the start −0.98 ± 0.94 and at the end −1.06 ± 0.9 p = 0.5 Median 3 months, IQR [4.5, 7.25] Median of 9 months, range of to 22 months Intradialytic intralipid therapy Median dose 0.5 g/kg, IQR [0.23, 1.0 g/kg] IDPN composed of dextrose (70%), novoamine (15%), and 20% lipid solution three times per week Results presented as mean ± standard deviation or * median with range IDPN intradialytic parenteral nutrition, RDA recommended daily allowance, IQR interquartile range Haskin et al [99] 2017 Case series N = 15 Age: 12.5* (1 to 20) years On maintenance hemodialysis, a median of 4.3 months IQR [3.4, 23.6] prior to starting intralipid therapy Intraperitoneal amino acid supplementation Study year published Population Study design Case series: N = 8 Canepa Pre-post [110] 1991 Age: 7.9 (1.1 to 15.8) comparison years Age-matched Chronic ambulatory children (N = 10) peritoneal dialysis without CKD provided reference for serum levels Case series: Qamar N = 7 Pre-post [111] 1994 Age: 9.3 (0.7 to 16.5) comparison years Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis Orellana et al [106] 2005 27 Controlled Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Children on Dialysis 503 504 References Iorember FM. 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