UNIT 9 Protecting the environment 9A Pronunciation • Rhythm I Mark the stressed syllables ('''') in the words in bold Then practice saying the sentences with a natural rhythm 1 In some parts of the world[.]
UNIT 9: Protecting the environment 9A Pronunciation • Rhythm I Mark the stressed syllables (') in the words in bold Then practice saying the sentences with a natural rhythm In some parts of the world, people can’t afford to buy food Having a shower instead of a bath reduces the amount of water we waste We produce and use twenty times more plastic today than we did fifty years ago Don’t throw away bottles because it is better to recycle them You waste energy when you leave the windows open in winter We are running out of natural resources and destroying rainforests II Mark the stressed syllables (') in the words in bold Then practice saying the sentences with a natural rhythm The greenhouse effect is a result of air pollution Noise pollution can increase heart rate and damage hearing Using a lot of fertilizers can reduce soil fertility Don’t dump plastic or other inorganic waste in the ground and don’t overuse chemical fertilizers in agriculture Air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, engines and factories Most chemicals pollute the ground and the underground water 9B Vocabulary • Words and phrases related to the environment and ways to protect it I Choose the correct words to complete the sentences Schools are important in helping to raise environment / environmental awareness The decline in the number of sharks is damaging the island’s vulnerable environment / ecosystem They use chemicals that will harm / destroy the environment We must punish the companies that are polluting and damaging the nature / environment The environmental impact / preservation of the construction project is being considered THẦY CƠ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 The large amounts of CFC gases can cause the ozone pollution / depletion Deforestation / Consumption has been shown to cause floods and drought A clear example can be seen in the case of the destruction of the ozone layer, causing the greenhouse effect / gases The use of fossil fuels / alternative energy can cause a lot of problems, but it is still essential in industry 10 Polar ice heating / melting can make the sea level rise, and many islands will disappear II Complete the sentences with the words given wastes global warming heatwaves pollutants impact damage habitat ecosystem destruction climate change With so many areas of forests being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat People protested at a dumping ground for toxic from the factory Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions More regions in the world suffer from heatwaves - a period of unusually hot weather Factories must treat their wastes before releasing them into the rivers for the sake of the community Governments and organizations in the world pay attention to a Brazilian report on Amazon rainforest They discussed the of human activities on climate change Having lived near the factory with high rate of pollution, the villagers suffer serious to their health Pollution can have serious effects on our delicate 10 Do you think a good policy to deal with is a tax on fuels? III Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions Air pollution can have serious impacts breathing your benefits, it’s important not to let you get overweight The website gives detailed advice healthy eating Are we doing enough to protect the environment the effects of human activities? We need to find ways of producing energy destroying the environment THẦY CÔ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 The organisation tries to focus public attention the negative impact of industrialisation Water pollution poses a threat fish and marine life Flooding results deforestation and heavy rain for several days We need to preserve our planet future generations 10 Her articles in the newspaper have led the public some arguments, mostly about environmental issues IV Use the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the sentences Air-conditioning systems have chlorofluorocarbon that is one of the wellknown environmental (pollute) of hotels, recreation and other facilities often leads to increasing sewage pollution (construct) Wastewater has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist , damaging the flora and fauna (attract) The Earth's natural resources should be consumed at a level (sustain) Dealing with resource requires a broad range of strategies (deplete) Experts predict that the world’s rain forests could completely disappear in 100 years at the current rate of (deforest) Mining is an extractive industry, often with huge and social impacts (environment) In the 1990’s, public of preserving the environment began to develop (aware) A great would be to start planting small gardens on the roofs of the buildings in the cities (solve) 10 With approximately billion trees being cut down to satisfy the world's need for paper alone, preventing the of forests continues to be an important (annual - deplete - prior) V Complete the text with the words below There is one extra word greenhouse gases challenges pollution changing renewable activity power The Earth’s climate has always changed, but climate change caused by human is a relatively new problem Burning fossil fuels has resulted in increased levels of in the air The facing us now are first, to learn to live with the constantly climate and second, if possible, to use generated in the cleanest possible way The two most common energy sources used today are wind and solar, but others will become more common in the near future THẦY CƠ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 VI Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word below forest loss threats habitats use farms ecosystemsclearing fauna demand Agriculture is a major land Around 50% of the world’s habitable land has already been converted into farming land Agricultural provide important for many wild plant and animal species This is especially the case for traditional farming areas that cultivate diverse species However, rising for food and other agricultural products has seen large-scale of natural habitats to make room for farming Recent examples include the conversion of lowland in Indonesia into oil palm plantations, and of large areas of the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savanna to soybean and cattle This ongoing habitat threatens entire ecosystems as well as many species Expanding oil palm plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia, for example, pose the most significant to endangered 10 including Asian elephants, Sumatran rhinoceros, and tigers VII Match the sentence halves to form the definitions Extinction Deforestation earthquake Pollution An oil spill Overpopulation Floods An Drought a is a problem caused by cutting down too many trees b is a situation created by very hot, dry conditions and no rain c hitting a city can destroy a lot of buildings d of some animals, caused by the destruction of the natural world, is a growing problem e occur when there is heavy rain over a long period of time f can create a terrible mess to clear up, and can badly damage fish and birds g means there are too many people in one area h in the air, for example smoke from factories, is causing climate change VIII Complete the news items with the words from Exercise Good news! • With the return of rain, the recent has ended and farmers report that their crops are healthy and growing, and the rivers are running at normal levels • The that was felt overnight in Japan’s capital Tokyo was not serious and caused no damage No injuries were reported THẦY CÔ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 • The quick-thinking captain of a ship has avoided a serious by transferring the fuel from a damaged storage tank into a back-up tank • The government reports that in the country has been stopped by laws forbidding the cutting of trees New trees planted recently have already begun growing • Many animals facing have been helped by organisations that move them to areas where they can live safely and happily • While some experts fear that6 is an increasing problem, others say that we are now having fewer children per couple, and population growth is slowing down • Local people are delighted with the result of rules put in place to stop in local rivers Local companies have addressed the problem and now handle waste responsibly • Heavy rains this year hasn’t caused any thanks to a new watermanagement system built by the local government People with homes near the river are delighted IX Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word Protecting Biodiversity Protecting biodiversity is now very essential since biodiversity is crucial for reducing climate pollution If we don’t protect biodiversity, the effects could be as harmful as the effects of global itself This is especially true with tropical - they are critical to fighting climate change and to more species than any other ecosystem type In other words, protecting biodiversity is essential for our wellbeing, and biodiversity helps to the nature Biodiversity is an important part of sustainable development As we know, sustainable development is considered as a major target for industry as well as planning system However, the only to achieve this target is to protect biodiversity Tiny plants that grow also absorb large of carbon dioxide That is why protecting biodiversity is essential In fact, biodiversity protection is very much important since biodiversity is a fundamental component of on Earth It creates complex ecosystems that could never be reproduced by The of that biodiversity is immeasurable, and thus must be protected Finally, we both want and need biodiversity We continue harming the natural environment without realizing the impact We should be aware 10 protecting biodiversity 9C Grammar • Reported speech THẦY CƠ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 I Complete the reported statements ‘I don’t have to go.’ Tom said that he go ‘He’s telling a lie.’ I told you that he a lie ‘We’ll help you.’ They said that they help us ‘It rained all day.’ Dad said that all day ‘I’ve been to Italy.’ He told me that he to Italy ‘You don’t look well.’ Linda said that I well ‘I can’t it in time.’ Nick told me that he in time ‘Tim isn’t coming bowling with us.’ Kevin told me that Tim bowling with us II Write the sentences in reported speech ‘I ate too much yesterday.’ Helen said ‘I’ll call you next week.’ He told his grandmother ‘We can stay out late tonight.’ They said _ ‘I don’t like Chinese food.’ She said ‘I’m going home.’ She told us ‘I work in a hospital.’ She said ‘I’m busy tomorrow.’ Phong said ‘We’ve finished our homework.’ They told me III Rewrite the sentences using reported speech The man said, ‘I don’t feel guilty.’ THẦY CÔ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 My brother said to me, ‘You’re making a big mistake.’ The teacher said, ‘Some students didn’t much revision.’ Mary said, ‘I’ve never told a lie.’ Sam’s father said to him, ‘You must stay at home.’ The children said, ‘Our teacher can be quite strict.’ His friends said to him, ‘We’ve already seen this film.’ Jane said, ‘I’ll report you to the police for making very loud noise at night, Jack.’ IV Read the dialogue Then complete the reported statements and requests Tom Bob I’m worried about my job 2I’ve made a big mistake I don’t think you need to worry 4Everybody makes mistakes sometimes Tom 5They won’t want me to work there Bob Don’t say things like that It can’t be that bad Tom it You don’t understand! I did something wrong, and I’ve kept quiet about Bob 9You’ll tell them the truth on Monday chance Our boss has to give you another 10 Tom said _ He told Bob _ Bob _ He said that4 _ Tom said that5 _ Bob told him He said _ Tom said that Bob Bob told Tom _ He said 10 V Put the words in the correct order to make reported questions ‘Were you on time?’ she asked THẦY CÔ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 whether / had been /I / she / asked / on time _ ‘Where’s your book?’ the teacher asked the teacher / where / was / my book / asked _ ‘Did you tell the truth?’ she asked us / if / she / we / had told / the truth / asked _ ‘What time is it?’ he asked time / asked / he / what / was / it _ ‘Have you seen my pen?’ he asked whether / we / asked / had seen / he / his pen _ ‘How many people will you invite to the party?’ Mai asked people / invite / we / would / to the party / asked / Mai / how many _ VI Write reported questions ‘Have you cleaned your shoes?’ She asked him _ ‘Can you swim?’ She asked me _ ‘What are you listening to?’ We asked him _ ‘What will you with the prize money?’ They asked us _ ‘Do you have a bicycle?’ He asked me ‘What sports you play?’ The doctor asked him ‘Are you in a hurry?’ I asked my father ‘Where did you park your car?’ I asked her VII Complete the reported questions ‘When will they get home?’ THẦY CƠ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 She asked _ ‘Did you finish your homework?’ The teacher asked me _ ‘What time does the train leave?’ He asked ‘Are you watching the news?’ Dad asked me _ ‘Have you seen the newspapers’ Mum asked us _ ‘Can we start playing?’ They asked ‘Where has Mai been?’ Mum asked ‘Has anyone finished?’ Jane asked _ THẦY CÔ CẦN BỘ LƯU HOẰNG TRÍ GLOBAL SUCCESS TẬP XIN LIÊN HỆ ZALO 0937-351-107 ... I’ve kept quiet about Bob 9You’ll tell them the truth on Monday chance Our boss has to give you another 10 Tom said _ He told Bob _ Bob ... and requests Tom Bob I’m worried about my job 2I’ve made a big mistake I don’t think you need to worry 4Everybody makes mistakes sometimes Tom 5They won’t want me to work there Bob Don’t say things... _ Bob told him He said _ Tom said that Bob Bob told Tom _ He said 10 V