UNIT 9 Protecting the environment 9A Pronunciation • Rhythm I Mark the stressed syllables ('''') in the words in bold Then practice saying the sentences with a natural rhythm 1 In some parts of the world[.]
Trang 1UNIT 9: Protecting the environment 9A Pronunciation
• Rhythm
I Mark the stressed syllables (') in the words in bold Then practice saying the sentences with a natural rhythm.
1 In some parts of the world, people can’t afford to buy food.
2 Having a shower instead of a bath reduces the amount of water we waste.
3 We produce and use twenty times more plastic today than we did fifty years ago.
4 Don’t throw away bottles because it is better to recycle them.
5 You waste energy when you leave the windows open in winter.
6 We are running out of natural resources and destroying rainforests.
II Mark the stressed syllables (') in the words in bold Then practice saying the sentences with a natural rhythm.
1 The greenhouse effect is a result of air pollution.
2 Noise pollution can increase heart rate and damage hearing.
3 Using a lot of fertilizers can reduce soil fertility.
4 Don’t dump plastic or other inorganic waste in the ground and don’t overuse chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
5 Air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, engines and factories.
6 Most chemicals pollute the ground and the underground water.
9B Vocabulary
• Words and phrases related to the environment and ways to protect it
I Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 Schools are important in helping to raise environment / environmental
awareness
2 The decline in the number of sharks is damaging the island’s vulnerable environment / ecosystem.
3 They use chemicals that will harm / destroy the environment.
4 We must punish the companies that are polluting and damaging the
nature / environment.
5 The environmental impact / preservation of the construction project is
Trang 26 The large amounts of CFC gases can cause the ozone pollution / depletion.
7 Deforestation / Consumption has been shown to cause floods and
drought
8 A clear example can be seen in the case of the destruction of the ozone layer, causing the greenhouse effect / gases.
9 The use of fossil fuels / alternative energy can cause a lot of problems,
but it is still essential in industry
10 Polar ice heating / melting can make the sea level rise, and many islands
will disappear
II Complete the sentences with the words given.
wastes global warming impact damage habitat heatwaves pollutants ecosystem destruction climate change
1 With so many areas of forests being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its
natural habitat
2 People protested at a dumping ground for toxic from the factory.
3 Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions.
4 More regions in the world suffer from heatwaves - a period of unusually hot
weather
5 Factories must treat their wastes before releasing them into the rivers for
the sake of the community
6 Governments and organizations in the world pay attention to a Brazilian
report on Amazon rainforest
7 They discussed the of human activities on climate change.
8 Having lived near the factory with high rate of pollution, the villagers suffer
serious to their health
9 Pollution can have serious effects on our delicate .
10 Do you think a good policy to deal with is a tax on fuels?
III Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
1 Air pollution can have serious impacts breathing.
2 your benefits, it’s important not to let you get overweight.
3 The website gives detailed advice healthy eating.
4 Are we doing enough to protect the environment the effects of
human activities?
5 We need to find ways of producing energy destroying the
environment
Trang 36 The organisation tries to focus public attention the negative
impact of industrialisation
7 Water pollution poses a threat fish and marine life.
8 Flooding results deforestation and heavy rain for several days.
9 We need to preserve our planet future generations.
10 Her articles in the newspaper have led the public some
arguments, mostly about environmental issues
IV Use the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the sentences.
1 Air-conditioning systems have chlorofluorocarbon that is one of the well-known environmental (pollute)
2 of hotels, recreation and other facilities often leads to increasing sewage pollution (construct)
3 Wastewater has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist , damaging the flora and fauna (attract)
4 The Earth's natural resources should be consumed at a level (sustain)
5 Dealing with resource requires a broad range of strategies (deplete)
6 Experts predict that the world’s rain forests could completely disappear in
100 years at the current rate of (deforest)
7 Mining is an extractive industry, often with huge and social impacts (environment)
8 In the 1990’s, public of preserving the environment began to develop (aware)
9 A great would be to start planting small gardens on the roofs of the buildings in the cities (solve)
10 With approximately 4 billion trees being cut down to satisfy the
world's need for paper alone, preventing the of forests continues to
be an important (annual - deplete - prior)
V Complete the text with the words below There is one extra word.
greenhouse gases pollution changing renewable activity power challenges
The Earth’s climate has always changed, but climate change caused by human 1 is a relatively new problem Burning fossil fuels has resulted
in increased levels of 2 in the air The 3 facing us now are first, to learn to live with the constantly 4 climate and second, if possible, to use 5 generated in the cleanest possible way The two
Trang 4VI Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word below.
forest loss threats ecosystemsclearing
habitats use farms fauna demand
Agriculture is a major land 1 Around 50% of the world’s habitable land has already been converted into farming land Agricultural
2 provide important 3 for many wild plant and animal species This is especially the case for traditional farming areas that cultivate diverse species
However, rising 4 for food and other agricultural products has seen large-scale 5 of natural habitats to make room for farming
Recent examples include the conversion of lowland 6 in Indonesia into oil palm plantations, and of large areas of the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savanna to soybean and cattle 7
This ongoing habitat 8 threatens entire ecosystems as well as many species Expanding oil palm plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia, for example, pose the most significant 9 to endangered 10 including Asian elephants, Sumatran rhinoceros, and tigers
VII Match the sentence halves to form the definitions.
1 Extinction 3 Deforestation 5 Pollution 7 An earthquake
2 An oil spill 4 Overpopulation 6 Floods 8 Drought
a is a problem caused by cutting down too many trees.
b is a situation created by very hot, dry conditions and no rain.
c hitting a city can destroy a lot of buildings.
d of some animals, caused by the destruction of the natural world, is a
growing problem
e occur when there is heavy rain over a long period of time.
f can create a terrible mess to clear up, and can badly damage fish and birds.
g means there are too many people in one area.
h in the air, for example smoke from factories, is causing climate change VIII Complete the news items with the words from Exercise
Good news!
• With the return of rain, the recent 1 has ended and farmers report that their crops are healthy and growing, and the rivers are running at normal levels
• The 2 that was felt overnight in Japan’s capital Tokyo was not serious and caused no damage No injuries were reported
Trang 5• The quick-thinking captain of a ship has avoided a serious 3 by transferring the fuel from a damaged storage tank into a back-up tank
• The government reports that 4 in the country has been stopped by laws forbidding the cutting of trees New trees planted recently have already begun growing
• Many animals facing 5 have been helped by organisations that move them to areas where they can live safely and happily
• While some experts fear that6 is an increasing problem, others say that we are now having fewer children per couple, and population growth is slowing down
• Local people are delighted with the result of rules put in place to stop 7
in local rivers Local companies have addressed the problem and now handle waste responsibly
• Heavy rains this year hasn’t caused any 8 thanks to a new water-management system built by the local government People with homes near the river are delighted
IX Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
Protecting Biodiversity
Protecting biodiversity is now very essential since biodiversity is crucial for reducing climate pollution If we don’t protect biodiversity, the effects could
be as harmful as the effects of global 1 itself This is especially true with tropical
2 - they are critical to fighting climate change and 3 to more species than any other ecosystem type In other words, protecting biodiversity is essential for our well-being, and biodiversity helps to 4 the nature
Biodiversity is an important part of sustainable development As we know, sustainable development is considered as a major target for industry as well as planning system However, the only 5 to achieve this target is to protect biodiversity Tiny plants that grow also absorb large 6 of carbon dioxide That is why protecting biodiversity is essential
In fact, biodiversity protection is very much important since biodiversity is a fundamental component of 7 on Earth It creates complex ecosystems that could never be reproduced by 8 The 9 of that biodiversity is immeasurable, and thus must be protected Finally, we both want and need biodiversity We continue harming the natural environment without realizing the impact We should be aware 10 protecting biodiversity
9C Grammar
Trang 6I Complete the reported statements.
1 ‘I don’t have to go.’
Tom said that he go
2 ‘He’s telling a lie.’
I told you that he a lie
3 ‘We’ll help you.’
They said that they help us
4 ‘It rained all day.’
Dad said that all day
5 ‘I’ve been to Italy.’
He told me that he to Italy
6 ‘You don’t look well.’
Linda said that I well
7 ‘I can’t do it in time.’
Nick told me that he in time
8 ‘Tim isn’t coming bowling with us.’
Kevin told me that Tim bowling with us
II Write the sentences in reported speech.
1 ‘I ate too much yesterday.’
Helen said
2 ‘I’ll call you next week.’
He told his grandmother
3 ‘We can stay out late tonight.’
They said _
4 ‘I don’t like Chinese food.’
She said
5 ‘I’m going home.’
She told us
6 ‘I work in a hospital.’
She said
7 ‘I’m busy tomorrow.’
Phong said
8 ‘We’ve finished our homework.’
They told me
III Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.
1 The man said, ‘I don’t feel guilty.’
Trang 72 My brother said to me, ‘You’re making a big mistake.’
3 The teacher said, ‘Some students didn’t do much revision.’
4 Mary said, ‘I’ve never told a lie.’
5 Sam’s father said to him, ‘You must stay at home.’
6 The children said, ‘Our teacher can be quite strict.’
7 His friends said to him, ‘We’ve already seen this film.’
8 Jane said, ‘I’ll report you to the police for making very loud noise at night,
Jack.’
IV Read the dialogue Then complete the reported statements and requests.
Tom 1I’m worried about my job 2I’ve made a big mistake
Bob 3I don’t think you need to worry 4Everybody makes mistakes sometimes
Tom 5They won’t want me to work there
Bob 6Don’t say things like that It can’t be that bad
Tom 8You don’t understand! I did something wrong, and I’ve kept quiet about it
Bob 9You’ll tell them the truth on Monday 10Our boss has to give you another chance
Tom said 1 _
He told Bob 2 _
Bob 3 _
He said that4 _
Tom said that5 _
Bob told him 6
He said 7 _
Tom said that Bob 8
Bob told Tom 9 _
He said 10
V Put the words in the correct order to make reported questions.
Trang 8whether / had been /I / she / asked / on time
_
2 ‘Where’s your book?’ the teacher asked.
the teacher / where / was / my book / asked
_
3 ‘Did you tell the truth?’ she asked.
us / if / she / we / had told / the truth / asked
_
4 ‘What time is it?’ he asked.
time / asked / he / what / was / it
_
5 ‘Have you seen my pen?’ he asked.
whether / we / asked / had seen / he / his pen
_
6 ‘How many people will you invite to the party?’ Mai asked.
people / invite / we / would / to the party / asked / Mai / how many _
VI Write reported questions.
1 ‘Have you cleaned your shoes?’
She asked him _
2 ‘Can you swim?’
She asked me _
3 ‘What are you listening to?’
We asked him _
4 ‘What will you do with the prize money?’
They asked us _
5 ‘Do you have a bicycle?’
He asked me
6 ‘What sports do you play?’
The doctor asked him
7 ‘Are you in a hurry?’
I asked my father
8 ‘Where did you park your car?’
I asked her
VII Complete the reported questions.
1 ‘When will they get home?’
Trang 9She asked _.
2 ‘Did you finish your homework?’
The teacher asked me _
3 ‘What time does the train leave?’
He asked
4 ‘Are you watching the news?’
Dad asked me _
5 ‘Have you seen the newspapers’
Mum asked us _
6 ‘Can we start playing?’
They asked
7 ‘Where has Mai been?’
Mum asked
8 ‘Has anyone finished?’
Jane asked _