Luận văn thạc sĩ conceptual metaphors of sorrow in “truyện kiều” by nguyen du and their english equivalents by huynh sanh thong

I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this study contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole, or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or beesn awarded another degree or diploma I certify that all the material in this study which is not my own work has been identified and acknowledged, and that no material is included for which a degree has already been conferred upon me This paper has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any university Quy Nhon, July, 2019 PHẠM THỊ ÁI HOA e II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On completion of the thesis, I am gratefully indebted to my supervisor Nguyễn Tất Thắng for his valuable suggestions, advice and corrections during the course of my writing The M.A thesis is one of the most difficult and significant academic challenges to me This thesis would not be done without the support from the teacher I also wish to express my sincere thanks to all of my lecturers at Quy Nhon University for their insightful comments and suggestions I also take this opportunity to all of my friends for their support and encouragement during the thesis preparation I must acknowledge my debt to the authors whose work I use for my reference Finally, I would like to show my deep gratitude to members of my family, especially my husband, for their great support, encouragement, love and unshakeable trust without which my thesis would not have been accomplished e III ABSTRACT This thesis aims at investigating the conceptual metaphors of sorrow in “Truyện Kiều” and their English translated version by Huỳnh Sanh Thông The data for this research were chosen from 112 samples of metaphoric expressions in “Truyện Kiều” The study was conducted based on the cognitive linguistic framework developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) It employed a mixed method that involves qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, synthetic and analytic approaches The findings revealed that three sub-types of conceptual metaphor occured frequently in the poems despite their different distribution in each language with 54% of structural metaphors The rests were Ontological metaphors and Orientational metaphors Based on the results, we made a distinction between the ways the writers utilize conceptual metaphors of sorrow in the Vietnamese poem and the English counterpart Moreover, there were some similarities and differences in terms of structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors in both languages The unchanged metaphors took the highest percentage with 57% while the rest were replaced metaphor or stylistics devices and lost metaphors Finally, from the results, some implications on teaching and learning English were put forward in the hope of providing useful and comprehensive knowledge e CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale In the modern society with pressure from work, people tend to use literature as a way to relax and reduce stress This spiritual life is really important in our life because it is a gateway to teach the readers life experience in the society Thus, it is important for the writers to use suitable language in their works More and more authors make their writing beautiful and interesting by using rhetorical measures, most of which are related to the field of metaphor According to Lakoff & Johnson (1980), metaphor is rather a matter of daily life experience, or a matter “of thought and reason” than merely a matter of language We use metaphorical concepts to conceptualize the world, or better, our worldviews (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) Indeed, metaphor is everywhere in literature, from the interrelations among its smallest (words, images, figures of speech) to its largest (characters, plot, narrative) elements Lakoff and Johnson (1980, p 6) state that part of “the human conceptual system is metaphorically structured and defined” This means that we tend to conceptualize metaphorically certain aspects of life in a systematic way These authors offer a wide range of metaphors that cover basic aspects of life by structuring metaphorically one concept in terms of another A number of researchers and linguists have taken metaphors in literature as a favorite topic for their studying According to Semino and Steen (2008, p 233), metaphors in literature is considered “more creative, novel, original, striking, rich, interesting, complex, difficult, and interpretable” than conventional metaphors However, most of them base on traditional e perspectives Therefore, this present paper would like to take an investigation into conceptual metaphors in literature One of the well-known Vietnamese writers using metaphors as a powerful tool to express their emotions is Nguyễn Du (1765-1820), typically in his work “Truyện Kiều”- The tale of Kiều which is about a beautiful woman who suffered great misery in the feudal period Women fate is expressed clearly through analyzing metaphors in the poem It is more interesting if we can perceive and understand the poem according to cognitive view This provides the readers a new look about metaphors in the “Truyện Kiều” particularly, and in poetry generally Therefore, I would like to carry out a study entitled “Conceptual metaphors of sorrow in ‘Truyện Kiều’ by Nguyen Du and their English equivalents by Huynh Sanh Thong” Hopefully, it will help Vietnamese readers and learners recognize and understand metaphors in a new way, and see that conceptual metaphors are something more familiar with us in our life Metaphors are a part of everyday life and they appear in our daily concepts without our realization of it Lakoff and Johnson have explained the notion of conceptual metaphors easily to understand Therefore, I have decided to choose their theory as a foundation to analyze the data collected in this thesis 1.2 Aims & Objectives 1.2.1 Aims of the study The study aims to describe conceptual metaphors of sorrow in the poem “Truyện Kiều” by Nguyễn Du, and their English translated version by Huỳnh Sanh Thông, and to find out how conceptual metaphors of Vietnamese version translated into English version e 1.2.2 Objectives of the study In order to achieve the aims, these following objectives are focused on some points Firstly, the poem is analyzed to find out the frequency of conceptual metaphors expressing sorrow used in it and their English equivalents based on the theory of Lakoff and Johnson Secondly, it’s essential to investigate the similarities and the differences of conceptual metaphors expressing sorrow between the original work and their English version 1.3 Research Questions To fulfill the aims and objectives of the study, I have set up the two following research questions : What kinds of conceptual metaphors expressing sorrow are used in “Truyện Kiều” by Nguyễn Du and their English translation by Huỳnh Sanh Thông? How are the Vietnamese metaphors in Nguyễn Du’s poem translated into English in “The tale of Kiều” by Huỳnh Sanh Thông? 1.4 Scope of the Study Due to time constrain, the thesis only analyses metaphors of Kieu’s sorrow in the poem “ Truyện Kiều” by Nguyễn Du and the English version translated by Huỳnh Sanh Thông from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, especially conceptual metaphors The poem “Truyện Kiều” is the work which was translated into Vietnamese language from the original work of Nguyễn Du in ‘Nom’ script while its English version is chosen from the work of the translator Huỳnh Sanh Thông e In this study, the analysis is based on the theory and classification of metaphors by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) 1.5 Significance of the Study The study is a significant contribution both theoretically and practically For theoretical value, it will provide a valuable of reference for readers who care about the issue In addition, this study will be an approach to find out features of conceptual metaphors It will be helpful for both investigations into language in use and the research of human mind Practically, it also will offer some implications for learners in improving their writing skills and using rhetorical measures to make the writings more beautiful and exciting Especially, it will contribute to the understanding of conceptual metaphors in “Truyện Kiều” by Nguyễn Du and Huỳnh Sanh Thông’s English translated version 1.6 Structure of the thesis The study consists of five chapters Chapter one, Introduction, gives an introduction to the study with its rationale, aims, research questions, significance, scope and organization Chapter two, Literature review, presents a review of the literature relevant to the study such as the definitions of terms: cognitive linguistics, traditional metaphors, conceptual metaphors, translation theory and biography of the poems and their authors After that, it reviews some previous studies related to the theory of cognitive linguistics and conceptual metaphors Chapter three, Methodology, describes the methodology of the study, provides information about the principles governing the research and the methods which is employed e Chapter four, Findings and discussion, presents the findings obtained, analyzes and discusses the results based on those findings Chapter five, Conclusion, provides a recapitulation of the main ideas and problems presented in the study The main content in this chapter is the specific conclusions on each of the research question Also, it summarizes the major finding and suggests some strategies helping learners use metaphors more exactly in writing In addition, implications for teaching and suggestion for further research have been supplied This subsection brings the practical value to the thesis from which readers can get e CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter presents general views about cognitive linguistics, especially the theory of conceptual metaphors Then, some previous studies about conceptual metaphors are discussed 2.1 Previous studies In recent years, there has been considerable growing interest in cognitive linguistics The theory has been applied in a wide range of field of linguistics The leading figures in the domain are Lakoff and Johnson (1980) Apart from great contributors, such as Kövecses, Ungerer & Schmid, Ronald Langacker, Turner, Croft and Cruse,etc, there have been many researchers applying the theory in analyzing conceptual metaphors in such various genres as reports, fictions, stories, advertisements, academic, speeches, commentaries, editorials, slogans, posters, and so on Thus, this part aims to give a review of recent related studies based on Lakoff and Johnson’s theory to find out the gap for the research Lý Toàn Thắng (2008) conducts a research entitled “Thử nhìn lại số vấn đề cốt yếu Ngôn ngữ học tri nhận” In his article, he discusses some different points of the nature of cognition and cognitive linguistics to identify some main concepts; from that, to be able to understand some main points of cognitive linguistics, conceptualization, and its relativity His research is a foundation for Vietnamese linguists to understand main thought of cognitive linguistic However, this paper only focuses on some key conceptions of cognitive linguistics without its aspect- conceptual metaphor In the article “Ẩn dụ ý niệm”, Phan Thế Hưng (2007) reports the view of conceptual metaphors on the basic of Aristotle’s framework and e some linguists later who proposed a comparative perspective in metaphor as well as the view that the ‘topic’ and ‘vehicle’ of metaphor could be of the same type Many contemporary linguists also share this view and implicitly see comparisons as the basic process for understanding metaphors Phan Thế Hưng analyzes and discusses in the opposite direction He states that “we not understand metaphors by turning metaphor into comparison Instead, metaphor is an inclusion sentence and therefore understands metaphors through a sentence that includes ratings” (Hưng, 2007, p 12) This paper helps the reader to get more knowledge about different views of metaphor from some linguists and is the premise to carry out other researches However, it’s necessary to analyze more different aspects of metaphor’s types Nguyễn Đức Tồn (2008), the author of the book “Đặc trưng văn hóadân tộc ngôn ngữ tư duy” publishes the article “Đặc trưng tư người Việt qua ẩn dụ tri nhận thành ngữ”, which shows the relationship between conceptual metaphors and human’s thought through idioms Based on different views on metaphors, he considers that metaphor is a substitute for a name or the transfer of characteristics, attributes of things, the phenomenon to things, does statues of other types in terms of analogy based on the unifying them from the same characteristics and attributes The author also surveys the strategy of association-oriented orientation, strategic thinking of Vietnamese freedom and the general thinking of the Vietnamese shown in their idioms He shows that Vietnamese people have thinking characteristics which are biased toward conjugate, sensory, action-visual thinking This article is a good foundation for the researcher to carry out the studies which are related to conceptual metaphors through idioms However, the researcher e 107 APPENDIX Truyện Kiều by Nguyễn Du The tale of Kiều by Hùynh Sanh Thông 33-34 Khúc nhà tay lựa nên chương She had composed a song called Một thiên bạc mệnh, lại não nhân Cruel Fate to mourn all women in soul- rending strains 81-82 Lòng đâu sẵn mối thương tâm, A well of pity lay within Kiều’s Thoắt nghe Kiều đầm đầm châu sa heart: as soon as she had heard her tears burst forth 103-104 Lại ủ dột nét hoa, The cloud on her fair face grew Sầu tuôn đứt nối, châu sa vắn dài darker yet: as sorrow ebbed or flowed , tears dropped or streamed 167-168 Bóng tà giục buồn, The dusk of sunset prompted Khách đà lên ngựa, người ghé theo thoughts of gloomhe left, and longingly she watched him go 183-184 Ngổn ngang trăm mối bên Her bosom heaved in turmoil- she lòng, poured forth a wondrous lyric fraught Nên câu tuyệt diệu ngụ tính tình with all she left e 108 221-222 Nỗi riêng lớp lớp sóng dồi, Her inmost feeling surged, wave after Nghĩ đòi lại sụt sùi đòi waveagain and yet again she broke and cried 223- 224 Giọng Kiều rền rĩ trướng Kiều’s sobs sent echoes through the loan, phoenix drapes Nhà Huyên tỉnh hỏi: cớ gì? Aroused, her mother asked: “What trouble you 225- 226 Cớ trằn trọc canh khuya, that “you still stir and fret at dead of Màu hoa lê dầm dề giọt mưa? night, your cheeks like some pear blossoms drenched with rain?” 235-236 Dạy rằng: mộng triệu cớ đâu, Her mother said: “Are dreams and Bỗng không mua não chuốc sầu nghĩ vapors grounds nao Whereon to build a tale of woe? Just think!” 237-238 Vâng lời khuyên giải thấp cao, Kiều tried to heed such words of Chưa xong điều nghĩ mạch sound advice, Tương but soon her tear welled up and flowed again 247-248 Sầu đong lắc đầy, He drained the cup of gloom: it filled Ba thu dồn lại ngày dài ghê a newOne day without her seemed three autumns long 263-264 Gió chiều gợi sầu, The breeze at twilight stirred a mood Vi lô hiu hắt màu khảy trêu of grief- e 109 The reeds waved back and forth as if to taunt 313-314 Được nhờ chút thơm rơi, I owe this monment to some scent Kể đà thiểu não lòng người nay! you dropped, but countless torments I’ve endured till now, 363-362 Từ phen biết tuổi vàng, The stone and gold had touched- and Tình thấm thía, ngẩn ngơ from that time, their love grew deeper, more dis traught their minds 383- 384 Những đắp nhớ đổi sầu, Sorrow and yearning I have felt by Tuyết sương nhuốm nửa mái đầu hoa turns, râm And half my head of hair frost’s tinged with gray.” 485-486 Ngọn đèn tỏ mờ, The lamp now flared, now dimmed- Khiến người ngồi ngơ ngẩn and there he sat hovering between sầu sheer rapture and deep gloom 487-488 Khi tựa gối cúi đầu, He’d hug his knees or he’d hang Khi vị chín khúc chau đơi mày down his head- he’d feel his entrails wrenching, knit his brows 489-490 Rằng hay thật hay, Indeed, a master’s touch, he said at Nghe ngậm đắng nuốt cay nào! last, “but it betrays such bitterness within! 491-492 Lựa chi bậc tiêu tao Why you choose to play those Dột lịng nao nao lịng plaintive strains which grieve your người? heart and sorrow other souls? e 110 547-548 Tai nghe ruột rối bời bời She heard him speak, her feelings in a Ngập ngừng nàng giãi lời trước sau: snarl With broken words, she uttered what she thought: 561-562 Ngại ngùng bước xa, Step by slow step he tore himself Một lời trân trọng châu sa hàng awayAt each farewell their tears would fall in streams 567-568 Não người cữ gió tuần mưa, Grieve for him who must bear Một ngày nặng gánh tương tư ngày through wind and rain A heart more loaded down with love each day 569-570 Nàng đứng tựa hiên tây, there she remained, her back against Chín hồi vấn vít vầy mối tơ the porch, her feelings snarled like raveled skeins of silk 571-572 Trơng chừng khói ngất song through window bars she gazed at thưa, mists beyond- Hoa trôi trác thắm, liễu xơ xác vàng a washed- out rose, a willow gaunt and pale 633-634 Nỗi thêm tức nỗi nhà, Crushed by her kinsfolk’s woe and Thềm hoa bước, lệ hoa hàng! her own grief She crossed the sill, tears f lowing at each step e 111 635-636 Ngại ngùng giợn gió e sương, She felt the child of winds and dews, Nhìn hoa bóng thẹn, trơng gương mặt ashamed dày to look at flowers or see her mirrored face 637-638 Mối vén tóc bắt tay, The broker smoothed her hair and Nét buồn cúc, điệu gầy mai stroked her hand, coaxing a wilted mum, a gaunt plum branch 655-656 Thương tình trẻ cha già Pity the father facing his young child, Nhìn nàng ông máu sa ruột dàu Looking at her, he bled and died within: 665-666 Theo lời chảy dòng châu, After he’d said those words he shed Liều ông rắp gieo đầu tường vôi more tears And made to knock his head against a wall 683-684 Phải lời ông êm tai, Words of good sense sank smoothly Nhìn giọt vắn giọt dài ngổn ngang in his tearThey stared at one another, pouring tears 695-696 Một nàng đèn Alone, she huddled by the midnight khuya, lamp, Áo dầm giọt lệ, tóc xe mối sầu With tear- soaked gown and sorrowwithered hair 697-698 Phận dầu, dầu dầu, No matter what fate deals me, I will Xót lịng đeo đẳng lâu lời! grieve for him who’s steadfast kept the vow he swore e 112 711-712 Nỗi riêng riêng bàng Her secret thoughts kept spinning hoàng, round and round- Dầu chong trắng đĩa lệ tràn thấm khăn As lamp oil burned away, tears drenched her scarf 761-762 Kẻ thang người thuốc bời bời, They bustled fetching some tisane, Mới dằn vựng, chưa phai giọt hồng some drug: She wakened from her faint, still wet with tears 777- 778 Xiết bao kể nỗi thảm sầu! How to express her grief while on the Khắc canh giục nam lâu hồi tower A watchman tolled and tolled the hours of night? 781-782 Đau lòng kẻ người She grieved to go, they grieved to Lệ rơi thấm đá tơ chia rũ tằm stay behind: Tears soaked stone steps as parting tugged their hearts 851- 852 Giọt riêng tầm tã tuôn mưa, Her tears of silent grief poured down Phần căm nỗi khách phần dơ nỗi mình: like rainShe hated him, she loathed herself as much: 875-876 Nhìn lã chã giọt hồng, As they gazed at each other through Rỉ tai nàng giãi lòng thấp cao: hot tears, Kiều whispered all her doubtsin mother’s ear: e 113 895-896 Xót lịng nặng trì trì, Mourning his daughter in his heavy Trước n ơng nằn nì thấp cao heart, old Vuong stood by the saddle begging Mã: 1047-1048 Buồn trông cửa bể chiều she sadly watched the harbor in gray hôm, dusk- Thuyền thấp thoáng cánh buồm xa whose boat was that with fluttering xa? sails, far off? 1049-1050 Buồn trông nước She sadly watched the river flow to sa, sea- Hoa trôi man mác, biết đâu? where would this flower end, adrift and lost? 1051-1052 Buồn trông nội cỏ rầu rầu, She sadly watched the field of wilted Chân mây mặt đất màu xanh xanh grass, the bluish haze where merged the earth and clouds 1053 – 1054 Buồn trơng gió mặt She sadly watched the wind whip up duềnh the cove and set all waves a roaring Ầm ầm tiếng sóng kêu quanh ghế ngồi round her seat 1103-1104 Nàng đà biết đến ta chăng, Since you trust me and tủn to me for Bể trầm luân, lấp cho help, I’ll drain it, fill it in, your sea of woes! 1237- 1238 Mặt dày gió dạn sương, Pour callous face the wind and dew e 114 Thân bướm chán ong chường had tanned thân ? Pour body bees and butterflies gorged on 1243-1244 Cảnh cảnh chẳng đeo But her own gloom would tinge each sầu, sight or scene: Người buồn, cảnh có vui đâu bao giờ! When you feel grief, can what you see give joy? 1251-1252 Ơm lịng địi đoạn xa gần, Her heart, evoking things long past or Chẳng vò mà rối, chẳng dần mà đau fresh, became a raveled skein, a mass of sores 1323- 1324 nàng ủ dột thu ba More gloom now dimmed the parkle Đoạn trường lúc nghĩ mà buồn of her eyes- the sense of her ill fate struck her with grief: 1439-1440 Sụt sùi chàng thưa At once the lover sobbed his story Đầu đuôi kể lại ngày cầu thân out, recounting all she’d said when he proposed: Người lên ngựa kẻ chia bào He climbed his horse, she let go of Rừng phong thu nhuốm màu quan his gown- san autumn was tinging maple woods [1519-1520] with gloom 1523-1524 Người bóng năm She walked back home to face the canh, night alone, Kẻ muôn dặm xa xơi and by himself he fared the long, long way e 115 1527-1528 Kể chi nỗi dọc Why tell what our wayfaring man đường, went through? Buồn nỗi chủ trương nhà: Let’s talk about the mistress of his hearth 1537-1538 Lửa tâm dập The fire of wrath kept smoldering in nồng, her breast against the knave whose Trách người đen bạc lòng trăng hoa fickle heart had roamed: 1553- 1554 Nỗi lịng kín chẳng hay, She locked her anger deep inside her Ngồi tai để mặc gió bay mái ngồi heart and let all rumors breeze right past her ears 1571-1572 Tẩy trần vui chén thong Many a cup they drank to his return- dong, but who could read what in their Nỗi lòng lòng mà hearts each felt? 1627-1628 Nàng từ bóng song As Kiều sat by her window, all alone, the, mixed threads of gloom ran Đường nỗi chia mối sầu crisscross in her soul: 1639-1640 Nên hương đến trước Phật To Heaven’s altar she brought đài, incense sticks Nỗi lịng khấn khía cạn lời vân vân She was still pouring out her heart in prayer 1665-1666 Thúc ông sùi sụt ngắn dài, Old Thúc broke into sobs and tears- Nghĩ vắng vẻ thương người nết na he mourned the virtuous mate his absent son and lost e 116 1675-1676 Hỡi nói hết dun, Alas, the tragedy he was told in full Tơ tình đứt ruột lửa phiền cháy gan! Love tore his heart and anguish burned his soul 1759-1760 Nàng giọt ngọc Her tears, like pearls, kept rolling chan down Kiều’s cheeks- foreboding Nỗi lịng luống bàng hồng niềm brewed and stirred within her soul: tây: 1783- 1784 Cửa người đày đọa chút Within a stranger’s gate Kiều slaved thân, and lived, Sớm ngơ ngẩn bóng đêm năn nỉ lịng confiding in her shadow or her heart 1795-1796 Sen tàn cúc lại nở hoa, Just as the lotus wilts, the mums Sầu dài ngày ngắn đông đà sang xuân bloom forthtime softens grief, and winter turns to spring 1819-1820 Càng trông mặt ngẩn She grew bewildered gazing at his ngơ, face,her heart a raveled knot of silken Ruột tằm đòi đoạn tơ rối bời threads 1827-1828 Sợ quen dám hở lời, Lest he’d betray himself, he’d Không ngăn giọt ngọc sụt sùi nhỏ sa breathe no word but could not stop his tears from spillng out e 117 1839-1840 Sinh dại ngây, He’d act like one demented more and Giọt dài giọt ngắn chén đầy chén vơi more As tear kept flowing while the liquor ebbed 1845-1846 Sinh nát ruột tan hồn, Grief bruised his vitals, panic struck Chén mời phải ngầm bò his soul- he took the proffered cup and quaffed the gall 1853-1854 Bốn dây khóc than, Four string together seemed to cry Khiến người tiệc tan nát lòng and moan in tones that wrenched him who was feasting there 1857- 1858 Giọt châu lã chã khôn cầm, When he could check his welling Cúi đầu gạt thầm giọt tears no more, Tương He stooped his head and tried to wipe them off 1869-1870 Sinh gan héo ruột đầy, But shrunk with shame and choked Nỗi lòng nghĩ cay đắng lòng with rage inside, He nursed a wound that rankled more and more, 1883-18884 Một âm ỉ đêm chày, Alone, she brooded far into the Đĩa dầu vơi nước mắt đầy năm canh nightAs ebbed the lampion’s oil, her tears still flowed 1929-1930 Phật tiền thảm lấp sầu vùi, At Buddha’s feet she buried griefs- Ngày thủ tự, đêm nồi tâm hương by day she’d copy texts, light incense e 118 up at night 1939-1940 Những ngậm thở nuốt While he was sighing, moaning deep than, within, Tiểu thư phải buổi vấn an nhà One day his wife went visiting her folks 1943-1944 Sụt sùi giở nỗi đoạn tràng, He cried his anguish bursting into Giọt châu tầm tã đẫm tràng áo xanh: sobs, And teardrops soaked the flap of his blue gown: 1981-1982 Nhận ngừng, nuốt tủi, láng He swallowed down his shame and ra, made to leave- Tiểu thư đâu rẽ hoa bước vào In stalked the lady brushing flowers aside 2113-2114 Nàng mặt ủ mày chau Care knit Kiều’s brows, gloom Càng nghe mụ nói, đau dần overcast her facethe more she heard, the more it hurt like blows 2245- 2246 Tấc lòng cố quốc tha An exile’s yearning thoughts of her hương, far land enwined and interwove with Đường nỗi ngổn ngang bời bời other cares 2423- 2424 Trộm nhờ sấm sét tay, For me your lightning brought the Tấc riêng cất gánh đầy đổ wicked low and cast a load of sorrow off my soul 2533-2534 Dòng thu dội sầu, e Her pent-up grief gushed forth in 119 Dứt lời nàng gieo đầu bên floods of tearsShe flung herself head first upon the ground 2547-2548 Nàng giọt ngọc tuôn Her bitter tears poured forth, a flow trào, of pearls- Ngập ngừng gửi thấp cao lòng She heaved with sobs, unburdening her breast: 2569-2570 Một gió thảm mưa sầu, It moaned like wind and rain- five Bốn dây nhỏ máu năm đầu ngón tay! fingertips dripped blood upon four strings When gibbons howl, 2571-2572 Ve ngâm vượn hót tày, When gibbons howl, cicadas wail, Lọt tai Hồ nhăn mày rơi châu they cannot match such grief Hồ listened, knitting brows and shedding tears 2573-2574 Hỏi rằng: khúc đâu? He asked: “What are you playing Nghe mn ốn nghìn sầu thay! there?” It sounds like all the world’s dark sorrows rolled in one 2603-2604 Nàng ủ liễu phai đào, Willow all withered, peach blossom Trăm phần có phần phần tươi? all searedher freshness was all gone, not one spark left e 120 2775-2776 Khóc than kể hết niềm tây: They wept and wailed as they retold Chàng ôi biết nỗi nước cho chưa? their woes: “Young man, you know what happened to us all?” 2785-2786 Gọi trả chút nghĩa người, and in some way redeem her pledge Sầu dằng dặc muôn đời chưa quên? to you But her own sorrow will forever last 2795-2796 Vật vẫy gió tn mưa, He writhed in agony, he sorely wept, Dầm dề giọt ngọc thẩn thờ hồn mai! His face tear- drowned and sorrow – crazed his mind 2805-2806 Dỗ dành khuyên giải trăm To soothe his pain, they tried a chiều, hundred ways- Lửa phiền dập khêu mối Grief, smothered, flared and burned phiền more fiercely yet 2809-2810 Sinh trông thấy The sight of them rekindled his thương, despair- it roused his sorrow, rent his Gan tức tối, ruột xót xa heart again 2819-2820 Nỗi thương nói chẳng hết He suffered more than all the words lời, could say- Tạ từ sinh sụt sùi trở stifting his sobs, he bade goodbye and left e 121 2847-2848 Nỗi nàng nhớ đến bao giờ, Whenever he remembered Kiều’s Tn châu địi trận vò tơ trăm vòng ordeal, He wept and felt a tightened knot inside 3015-3016 Giọt châu thánh thót quẹn Tear- pearls dropped one by one and bào, damped her smock- Mừng mừng tủi tủi tình She felt such joy and grief, such grief and joy 3029-3030 Hai em hỏi trước han sau, The two young ones kept asking this Đứng trông chàng trở sầu làm or that tươi While Kim looked on, his sorrow turned to joy 3111-3112 nói chi kết tóc xe tơ, Why speak of marriage with its red Đã buồn ruột mà dơ đời! silk thread? It pains my heart and further stains my life 3129-3130 Hết lời khôn lẽ chối lời, Outtalked, she could no longer Cúi đầu nàng vắn dài thở than disagree: She her head and yielded, stifling sighs 3139-3140 Tình duyên hợp tan này, Yet I’ve survived and met you all Bi hoan nỗi đêm chầy trăng cao again, and slaked the thirst that long has parched my soul e ... metaphors of sorrow in ‘Truyện Kiều’ by Nguyen Du and their English equivalents by Huynh Sanh Thong? ?? is carried out in order to give a profound understanding about conceptual metaphor, especially of sorrow, ... ? ?Conceptual metaphors of sorrow in ‘Truyện Kiều’ by Nguyen Du and their English equivalents by Huynh Sanh Thong? ?? Hopefully, it will help Vietnamese readers and learners recognize and understand... study of investigation into ? ?conceptual metaphors of sorrow in “Truyện Kiều” by Nguyễn Du and the English translated version by Huỳnh Sanh Thông’ is conducted and the results will be discussed in