Tạp chí khoa học số 2006-10-20

LESS DO B FU MORE DEP END B E. Reliability, reproducibility, and many more reasons to trust your work with BioSource ™ Multiplex Assays for Luminex ® xMAP ® Technology. OurvalidatedMultiplexAssaysarebenchmarkedtoBioSource ™ ELISA Kits, deliver high precision, and ensure recovery greater than 80%. You can save sample, time, and effort — andexpectmorefromBioSource ™ MultiplexAssays.Seejusthowmuchmoreatwww.invitrogen.com/luminex. 2006 © Invitrogen Corporation. All rights reserved. These products may be covered by one or more Limited Use Label Licenses (see the Invitrogen catalog or our website, www.invitrogen.com). 2006 © Luminex Corporation. Luminex and xMAP are trademarks of Luminex Corpor ation. 20 October 2006 | $10 For more information contact us at: www.cambr ex.com U.S. 800-638-8174 |Europe 32 (0) 87 32 16 11 For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures. CambrexBio Science Walkersville,Inc. 8830 Biggs FordRoad | Walkersville, M D 21793 Cambrex, the source for Clonetics ® and Poietics ™ Cell Systems, BioWhittaker ™ Classical Media, SeaPlaque ® and NuSieve ® Agarose, and PAGEr ® Precast Gels. Primary Cells for Pioneering Research Clonetics ® Chemically Defined Keratinocyte Growth Media System The Clonetics KGM-CD is: • Chemically defined – Contains no plant and animal extracts. • Serum free – Minimize interference from unknown components. • Optimized for growth and proliferation of human primary keratinocytes. • Offered in a BulletKit ® format – Basal media and required growth supplements. • Flexible and convenient – Add or subtract components as needed. Minimize experimental variation and eliminate costly and time-consuming testing or qualifying serum or growth supplements. 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Receive a FREE copy of our NewVideo “Primary Cell Culture:Leading Methods and Techniques” www.cambrex.com/promotion/CB9606 PrimaryLeader PrimaryChoice PrimaryResearch Primary Source Our new Paq5000 ™ DNA Polymerase * is an economic alternative to Taq that costs only 5 cents per unit. ** This new enzyme provides improved PCR yield with reduced cycling time and is ideal for routine end-point PCR on targets up to 6 kb (genomic). Furthermore, the Paq5000 DNA polymerase is derived from a Pyrococcus species and comes with an optimized 10X buffer. Switch from Taq to Paq5000 DNA polymerase today! AMPLIF I CA TI ON CELL BI OL O GY C L ONIN G MICR OA RRAY S N U CL EI C A C ID A N AL YS I S PROTEIN FUNCTION & AN ALY S I S QU ANTI TA T IV E P C R S O FT WA R E S O LU TI ONS Ask us about these great products: How much is 5¢ really worth? Find out with our new thermostable Paq5000 ™ DNA Polymerase for PCR. Paq5000 ™ DNA Polymerase 500 units 600680 1000 units 600682 5000 units 600684 Call for special pricing on large orders and custom/bulk packaging. * US Patent Nos. 7,045,328, 6,734,293, 6,489,150, 6,444,428, 6,183,997, and 5,489,523. Purchase of this product conveys to the purchaser the non-transferable right under these patents to use the product for research use only. ** Pricing in US Dollars. Pricing valid in US only. For pricing in other countries, please contact your Stratagene sales representative or your local distributor. Paq5000 ™ is a trademark of Stratagene in the United States. Need More Information? Give Us A Call: Stratagene US and Canada Order: 800-424-5444 x3 Technical Service: 800-894-1304 x2 Stratagene Europe Order: 00800-7000-7000 Technical Service: 00800-7400-7400 www.stratagene.com Stratagene Japan K.K. Order: 3-5821-8077 Technical Service: 3-5821-8076 M N N I I R R P P 2.6 kb 900 bp Comparison of genomic DNA amplification using the Paq5000 ™ DNA Polymerase and Taq DNA polymerase from various suppliers (competitors N, I, R, P) using standard conditions. Paq5000 ™ Obtain Equal or Better Yield than Taq DNA Polymerase polymerase GE Healthcare HiTrap ™ columns give you pure proteins with less effort. They come prepacked with the widest choice of media, ensuring results you can depend on in a broad range of applications, and the highest level of convenience. But we’re never content to stand still. We constantly strive for new innovations for tomorrow’s research and drug development. And thanks to our technological achievements and global presence, we’re able to help you turn your scientific ideas into reality – bringing science to life and helping transform healthcare. We call it Life Science Re-imagined. Discover how HiTrap columns can help power your protein purification. Visit www.gehealthcare.com/life Faster protein purification? It’s not rocket science. GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, a General Electric Company. Björkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden. © 2006 General Electric Company - All rights reserved. GE05-06 www.dowellstubbs.com www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 314 20 OCTOBER 2006 373 CONTENTS CONTENTS continued >> NEWS OF THE WEEK Iraqi Death Estimates Called Too High; 396 Methods Faulted Report Warns of Looming Pollination Crisis in 397 North America Panel Draws Up Shopping List 399 SCIENCESCOPE 399 A German Ivy League Takes Shape 400 Pollute the Planet for Climate’s Sake? 401 >> Report p. 452 Voilà! Cloak of Invisibility Unveiled 403 >> Science Express Report by D. Schurig et al. A Rescue Effort for Tsunami-Ravaged Mangrove Forests 404 Gene Offers Insight Into Macular Degeneration 405 >> Science Express Reports by A. DeWan et al. and Z. Yang et al. MEDLINE Supplements Must List Corporate Ties 405 NEWS FOCUS The Day the Land Tipped Over 406 Facing a Tsunami With No Place to Run AAS High Energy Astrophysics Division Meeting 411 Early Look at Exploding Supernova Spotlights Deadly Stellar Tango Snapshots From the Meeting Helaman Ferguson: Carving His Own Unique Niche, 412 in Symbols and Stone DEPARTMENTS 379 Science Online 381 This Week in Science 387 Editors’ Choice 390 Contact Science 393 NetWatch 395 Random Samples 415 Newsmakers 483 New Products 484 AAAS Meeting Program 494 Science Careers COVER The AAAS Annual Meeting is widely recognized as the world’s premier showcase for advances in science, technology, and engineering. The 2007 meeting in San Francisco, 15 to 19 February, will attract more than 10,000 participants, including news media from around the world. Photo: Jupiter Images EDITORIAL 385 Aid to Enhance Africa’s Skills by David A. King 406 423 LETTERS HIV Testing and Individual Rights E. Mills and 417 S. Rennie Response Z. Wu et al. Operational Hurricane Intensity Forecasting H. R. Baum and F. Fendell The Danger of Mathematical Models K. Backman The “Source” of Drug-Resistant TB Outbreaks P. D. Van Helden, T. Victor, R. M. Warren BOOKS ET AL. Challenging Nature The Clash of Science and 423 Spirituality at the New Frontiers of Life L. M. Silver, reviewed by M. A. Goldman Who Killed the Electric Car? 424 C. Paine, reviewed by D. A. Kirsch Browsing 424 POLICY FORUM The Demography of Growing European Identity 425 W. Lutz, S. Kritzinger, V. Skirbekk PERSPECTIVES Jump-Starting Quantum Error Correction with 427 Entanglement D. Gottesman >> Research Article p. 436 Protein Synthesis and Oncogenesis Meet Again 428 N. Sonenberg and A. Pause >> Report p. 467 Cosmic Rays Track the Rotation of the Milky Way 429 M. Duldig >> Research Article p. 439 The Future of Organic Synthesis 430 P. Kündig Toward Molecular Imaging with Xenon MRI 432 B. Driehuys >> Report p. 446 Prelude to an Anniversary for the RAS Oncogene 433 J. Downward Volume 314, Issue 5798 The BioRobot EZ1 is useddaily in hundreds offorensic and clinicallaboratories worldwide.It makes nucleic acid purification easy, ro bust, and reproducible for a wide range of applications. ■ Unparalleled inhibitor removal — from body fluids, swabs, or crime-scene samples ■ Reliable and flexible purification — using presealed reagent cartridges for DNA or RNA ■ Rapid results — purify 1 to 6 samples in as little as 15–20 minutes The BioRobot EZ1 workstation is intended forresearch applications. No claim orrepresentation is intended for itsuse to provide information for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of a disease. Trademarks:QIAGEN ® , BioRobot ® (QIAGENGroup). AUTOEZ110061WW © 2006 QIAGEN, all rights reserved. Integrated Solutions—Forensic and Clinical Labs Standard-setting nucleic acid purification WWW. Q I AGEN. C OM BioRobot EZ1 Visit www.qiagen.com/goto/EZ1mylab to find out more! www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 314 20 OCTOBER 2006 375 CONTENTS continued >> SCIENCE EXPRESS www.sciencexpress.org GENETICS HTRA1 Promoter Polymorphism in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration A. DeWan et al. 10.1126/science.1133807 A Variant of the HTRA1 Gene Increases Susceptibility to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Z. Yang et al. People who have one of the normal variants of a protein-degrading enzyme are at increased risk of developing an aggressive form of age-related macular degeneration. >> News story p. 405 10.1126/science.1133811 CONTENTS TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS ECOLOGY Comment on “Stability via Asynchrony in Drosophila 420 Metapopulations with Low Migration Rates” E. Ranta and V. Kaitala full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314/5798/420a Response to Comment on “Stability via Asynchrony in Drosophila Metapopulations with Low Migration Rates” S. Dey and A. Joshi full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314/5798/420b BREVIA PSYCHOLOGY Exposure to Scientific Theories Affects Women’s 435 Math Performance I. Dar-Nimrod and S. J. Heine Ascribing gender differences in performance on math tests to genetics adversely affects girls’ scores on subsequent tests, but ascribing such differences to experience does not. RESEARCH ARTICLES PHYSICS Correcting Quantum Errors with Entanglement 436 T. Brun, I. Devetak, M H. Hsieh Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction simplifies the theory of stabilizer codes, allowing a new class of efficient codes to protect quantum information from decoherence. >> Perspective p. 427 ASTRONOMY Anisotropy and Corotation of Galactic Cosmic Rays 439 M. Amenomori et al. Anisotropies in the distribution of cosmic rays in the sky, including an excess from a spiral arm of the Milky Way, show that cosmic rays corotate with the Galaxy. >> Perspective p. 429 REPORTS PHYSICS Isolated Single-Cycle Attosecond Pulses 443 G. Sansone et al. Single-cycle 130-attosecond light pulses, useful for probing electron dynamics, can be generated by modulating the polarization state of 5-femtosecond pulses in argon. CHEMISTRY Molecular Imaging Using a Targeted Magnetic 446 Resonance Hyperpolarized Biosensor L. Schröder, T. J. Lowery, C. Hilty, D. E. Wemmer, A. Pines Magnetic resonance images of a single biomolecule can be obtained from the amplified signal of a bound xenon probe that exchanges with surrounding bulk xenon. >> Perspective p. 432 429 & 439 PHYSICS Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies D. Schurig et al. A specially designed array of split-ring resonators is used to demonstrate the principle of cloaking an object from electromagnetic radiation. >> News story p. 403 10.1126/science.1133628 CLIMATE CHANGE Recent Greenland Ice Mass Loss by Drainage System from Satellite Gravity Observations S. B. Luthcke et al. GRACE satellite analysis of regional changes in the gravity of the Greenland Ice Sheet implies that the ice sheet lost about 100 gigatons of ice each year from 2003 to 2005. 10.1126/science.1130776 PERSPECTIVE: How Fast Are the Ice Sheets Melting? A. Cazenave 10.1126/science.1133325 . DEPARTMENTS 379 Science Online 381 This Week in Science 387 Editors’ Choice 390 Contact Science 393 NetWatch 395 Random Samples 415 Newsmakers 483 New Products 484 AAAS Meeting Program 494 Science Careers COVER The. www.qiagen.com/goto/EZ1mylab to find out more! www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 314 20 OCTOBER 2006 375 CONTENTS continued >> SCIENCE EXPRESS www.sciencexpress.org GENETICS HTRA1 Promoter Polymorphism. www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314 /5798/ 420a Response to Comment on “Stability via Asynchrony in Drosophila Metapopulations with Low Migration Rates” S. Dey and A. Joshi full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314 /5798/ 420b BREVIA PSYCHOLOGY Exposure