YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! 17 February 2006 | $10 YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! 15 30 45 15 30 45 15 30 45 1.7 kb Seconds / kb Herculase ® II Enzyme Phusion ™ /iProof ™ Pwo SuperYield Our Herculase ® II Fusion DNA Polymerase produces superior yield in as short as 15 second/kb extension time. Need More Information? Give Us A Call: Stratagene USA and Canada Order:(800) 424-5444 x3 Technical Services:(800)894-1304 x2 Stratagene Japan K.K. Order: 03-5159-2060 Technical Services: 03-5159-2070 Stratagene Europe Order: 00800-7000-7000 Technical Services: 00800-7400- 7400 A MPLIF I C A T I ON CELL BIOLOGY C L ONI N G MIC R O A RRA Y S N U C L E I C A C I D A N A L Y S I S PROTEIN FUNCTION & A N A LYS I S QU A NTI T A T I V E P C R S O F T WA R E S O L U T I ONS Ask us about these great products: www.stratagene.com PfuUltra ™ II Fusion HS DNA Polymerase 40 rxn 600670 Herculase ® II Fusion DNA Polymerase 40 rxn 600675 Our PfuUltra ™ II Fusion HS DNA Polymerase offers the highest fidelity. Error rates were determined by the lacI fidelity assay. 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 PfuUltra ™ II Enzyme Herculase ® II Enzyme Phusion ™ / iProof ™ DeepVent ® Vent ® Pfx/KOD Pfx50 ™ Taq Enzyme Accuracy (x10 5 ) Our next generation of high fidelity Pfu -based fusion enzymes sets a new standard in high fidelity PCR performance. Engineered for industry-leading fidelity plus 12x enhanced processivity, our new PfuUltra ™ II Fusion HS DNA Polymerase and Herculase ® II Fusion DNA Polymerase deliver superior yield, excellent reliability, and faster overall run times. Our new breed is the center of attention. PfuUltra ™ II enzyme for highest fidelity • Herculase ® II enzyme for superior yield Purchase of this product is accompanied by a license under the foreign counterparts of U.S. Patents Nos. 4,683,202, 4,683,195 and 4,965,188 for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process, where such process is covered by patents, in conjunction with a thermal cycler whose use in the automated performance of the PCR process is covered by the up-front license fee, either by paymentto Applied Biosystems or as purchased, i.e., an authorized thermal cycler. U.S. Patent Nos. 6,734,293, 6,489,150, 6,444,428, 6,379,553, 6,333, 165, 6,183,997, 5,948,663, 5,866,395, 5,545,552 and patents pending PfuUltra ™ is a trademark of Stratagene in the United States. Herculase ® is a registered trademark of Stratagene in the United States. Deep Vent ® and Vent ® are registered trademarks of New England BioLabs. iProof ™ is a trademark of BioRad Laboratories. Phusion ™ is a trademark of Finnzymes Oy. Pfx50 ™ is a trademark of Invitrogen. YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! GE Healthcare To 100,000 scientists worldwide, the name ÄKTA ™ has always meant outstanding protein purification, and now it’s brought to you by GE Healthcare. With the ability to purify virtually 100% of all biomolecules, the ÄKTAdesign ™ platform can handle the toughest of challenges. Whatever the scale, from laboratory, to process development and manufacturing, there’s an ÄKTAdesign system to meet every need. All systems in the ÄKTAdesign family work with the intelligent UNICORN ™ software, which makes it easy to control every stage of your purification processes. Accurate, reproducible results just take a little pure imagination. Visit www.amershambiosciences.com/aktadesign Why do 100,000 scientists trust GE Healthcare for all their protein purification needs? Here’s Ä clue. © 2005 General Electric Company - All rights reserved. Amersham Biosciences AB, a General Electric company going to market as GE Healthcare. GE15-05 YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 17 FEBRUARY 2006 905 CONTENTS CONTENTS continued >> NEWS OF THE WEEK Schatten: Pitt Panel Finds “Misbehavior” 928 but Not Misconduct How the Competitiveness Initiative Came About 929 Revised Numbers Quicken the Pace of Rebound 931 From Mass Extinctions >> ScienceCareers.org story by J. Austin SCIENCESCOPE 931 H5N1 Moves Into Africa, European Union, 932 Deepening Global Crisis Hunt for Birthplace of Meteorites Yields New View 932 of Earth’s Origins NIH Goes After Whole Genome in Search of 933 Disease Genes Mouse Study Suggests Cancer Drugs Could Help 934 Prematurely Aging Kids >> Science Express Report by L. G. Fong et al. Bush Administration Decides It Can’t Afford 934 Children’s Study Tough Decision? Don’t Sweat It 935 >> Report p. 1005 Doubts Over New Antibiotic Land Co-Authors in Court 937 NEWS FOCUS New Neurons Strive to Fit In 938 Scientists’ Suicides Prompt Soul-Searching in China 940 Novel Attacks on HIV Move Closer to Reality 943 Combating the Bird Flu Menace, Down on the Farm 944 What Good Is a Patent? Supreme Court May Suggest 946 an Answer DEPARTMENTS 911 Science Online 913 This Week in Science 919 Editors’ Choice 922 Contact Science 925 NetWatch 927 Random Samples 949 Newsmakers 1023 New Products 1024 Science Careers COVER Schematic view of Uranus and its rings and inner moons. Recent Hubble Space Telescope images revealed the wide, tenuous outer two rings and several tiny moons. The planet itself is shown in approximately real color. Small moons are shown as sequences of colored dots that represent their orbital motion. See page 973. Image: M. R. Showalter EDITORIAL 917 The New Gag Rules by Donald Kennedy 938 LETTERS The Language of Fighting Invasive Species 951 P. Clergeau and M. A. Nuñez; D. Turner and M. Patterson Doing More for Keisha W. S. Barnes Genetic Research into Autism A. Ronald et al. Response S. Baron-Cohen et al. Acid Growth and Plant Development U. Kutschera Response M. Grebe CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS 954 BOOKS ET AL. Sprawl A Compact History 956 R. Bruegmann, reviewed by J. Wolch Twilight of the Mammoths 957 Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America P. S. Martin, reviewed by P. L. Koch POLICY FORUM Cybertools and Archaeology 958 D. R. Snow et al. PERSPECTIVES Why Sex? 960 R. Nielsen >> Report p. 990 Ringing the Changes 961 C. D. Murray >> Research Article p. 973 SUMO Wrestles the Synapse 962 A. A. Beg and P. Scheiffele >> Reports pp. 1008 and 1012 The Greenland Ice Sheet and Global Sea-Level Rise 963 J. A. Dowdeswell >> Report p. 986 Volume 311, Issue 5763 963 & 986 YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! Success with proteins —made possible by QIAGEN’s expertise! QIAGEN’s experience in sample preparation technology will help you rise to the challenge of working with proteins. QIAGEN provides easy-to-use, in tegrated solutions to help you succeed with: ■ Expression ■ Purification ■ Detection ■ Assay ■ Crystallization ■ MALDI sample prep ■ Proteomics ■ Automation For up-to-date trademarks anddisclaimers, see www.qiagen.com . PROTTAG0106S1WW © 2006 QIAGEN, all rights reserved. Systems Biology — Proteins and Proteomics Standardized solutions for proteins WWW. QIAGEN. COM Find a standardized solution for your protein challenge at www.qiagen.com/protein ! E. coli gyrase A C-terminal domain crystals. Courtesy of Alex Ruthenburg from Prof. Verdine’s laboratory, Harvard University, B oston, USA. Ni-NTA matrices offer highly specific and selective binding of 6xHis-tagged proteins YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 17 FEBRUARY 2006 907 CONTENTS continued >> SCIENCE EXPRESS www.sciencexpress.org MEDICINE A Protein Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Ameliorates Disease in a Mouse Model of Progeria L. G. Fong, D. Frost, M. Meta, X. Qiao, S. H. Yang, C. Coffinier, S. G. Young A drug that inhibits addition of lipids to proteins has beneficial effects in a mouse version of a rare premature aging disorder, suggesting that it may be useful in children with the disease. >> News story p. 934 10.1126/science.1124875 IMMUNOLOGY Selective Stimulation of T Cell Subsets with Antibody-Cytokine Immune Complexes O. Boyman, M. Kovar, M. Rubinstein, C. D. Surh, J. Sprent The paradoxical stimulation of memory immune cells is explained by an unusual activation of a growth factor when bound to an antibody, usually thought to be inhibitory. 10.1126/science.1122927 APPLIED PHYSICS Ultrafast Laser–Driven Microlens to Focus and Energy-Select Mega–Electron Volt Protons T. Toncian et al. A coordinated pair of intense laser pulses—one on a thin solid and one on a small cylinder connected to it—can produce a focused beam of high-energy protons. 10.1126/science.1124412 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Zebrafish MiR-430 Promotes Deadenylation and Clearance of Maternal mRNAs A. J. Giraldez et al. A small regulatory RNA promotes the degradation of the maternal messenger RNAs that are packaged into the oocyte to guide the first steps of animal development. 10.1126/science.1122689 CONTENTS REPORTS MATERIALS SCIENCE Electrodes with High Power and High Capacity 977 for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries K. Kang, Y. S. Meng, J. Bréger, C. P. Grey, G. Ceder Ab initio calculations are used to develop an efficient battery containing layered lithium, nickel, and manganese oxide and to optimize its performance. PLANETARY SCIENCE Plasma Acceleration Above Martian 980 Magnetic Anomalies R. Lundin et al. Heightened motion of electrons and ions in the martian atmosphere produces aurorae above regions of high surface magnetism through a process similar to that on Earth. GEOPHYSICS Dissociation of MgSiO 3 in the Cores of Gas Giants 983 and Terrestrial Exoplanets K. Umemoto, R. M. Wentzcovitch, P. B. Allen Calculations imply that the main silicate compound deep in terrestrial planets should dissociate to MgO and SiO 2 at high pressures characteristic of planets larger than Earth. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Changes in the Velocity Structure of the 986 Greenland Ice Sheet E. Rignot and P. Kanagaratnam Velocity measurements of ice flow across Greenland show that Greenland glaciers are accelerating, doubling the mass deficit of the ice sheet in the past 3 years. >> Perspective p. 963 977 REVIEW EVOLUTION Reproductive Social Behavior: Cooperative 965 Games to Replace Sexual Selection J. Roughgarden, M. Oishi, E. Akçay BREVIA EVOLUTION Genetic Variation Affects de Novo 971 Translocation Frequency T. Kato et al. A palindromic sequence on human chromosome 11 causes frequent translocations during meiosis, while a more recently evolved nonpalindromic allele does not. RESEARCH ARTICLE PLANETARY SCIENCE The Second Ring-Moon System of Uranus: 973 Discovery and Dynamics M. R. Showalter and J. J. Lissauer Uranus has two additional moons and two faint rings that form a highly dynamic system orbiting beyond its known rings. >> Perspective p. 961 YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! . Stay tuned. –Donald Kennedy 10.1126 /science. 1125749 *www .magazine. noaa.gov/stories/mag184.htm Donald Kennedy is Editor-in-Chief of Science. www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 17 FEBRUARY 2006 917 CREDIT. Support! YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 17 FEBRUARY 2006 907 CONTENTS continued >> SCIENCE EXPRESS www.sciencexpress.org MEDICINE A Protein Farnesyltransferase. Analysis www.expressionproteomics.com YYePG Proudly Presents, Thx For Support! www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 17 FEBRUARY 2006 911 ONLINE SCIENCE CAREERS www.sciencecareers.org CAREER RESOURCES FOR SCIENTISTS US: Tooling