Tạp chí khoa học số 2006-01-13

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The simple, three step process, > 95% efficiency guarantee, and affordable pricing make StrataClone ™ PCR Cloning Kits your kit of choice for topoisomerase-based PCR cloning. • High-performance PCR cloning at a more affordable price • Clone both long and short PCR amplicons with the same kit • High efficiency results in >95% clones with insert StrataClone™PCR Cloning Kit 20 reactions 240205 10 reactions 240206 There’s a new kit on the block. Introducing StrataClone ™ PCR Cloning Kits: A new, more affordable choice in Topoisomerase I technology Ni Sepharose ™ products from GE Healthcare give you the greatest binding capacity available for histidine-tagged protein purification. They offer the flexibility to use a variety of formats and protocols, ensuring the highest possible purity. And with our His GraviTrap ™ and HisTrap ™ FF crude columns, you can now get pure histidine-tagged proteins directly from unclarified lysate in just 30 minutes. Maximum target protein activity is assured with Ni Sepharose, thanks to its tolerance of a wide range of additives and negligible nickel ion leakage. With up to four times the capacity of competing products, dramatically increasing your yield while saving on time and resin/buffer costs is no longer pure imagination. www.amershambiosciences.com/his GE Healthcare © 2005 General Electric Company - All rights reserved. Amersham Biosciences AB, a General Electric company, going to market as GE Healthcare. Greater flexibility and binding capacity in histidine-tagged protein purification GE18-05 www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 13 JANUARY 2006 133 CONTENTS CONTENTS continued >> DEPARTMENTS 139 Science Online 141 This Week in Science 147 Editors’ Choice 150 Contact Science 153 NetWatch 155 Random Samples 173 Newsmakers 247 New Products 255 Science Careers COVER Billions of new dollars are pouring into programs that aim to help poor countries fight such infectious diseases as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. But increasing numbers of people are beginning to ask tough questions about what the money has accomplished and what can be done to more quickly translate cash into care and prevention. See page 162. Image: Brent Stirton/Getty Images EDITORIAL 145 Good News—and Bad by Donald Kennedy 162 178 LETTERS HIV Research and Access to Treatment M. Warren 175 Response R. M. Grant et al. Continuing Progress in Neuroinformatics M. S. Gazzaniga et al. Loss of Grants Hurts the Vulnerable K. Sestak CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS BOOKS ET AL. Secret Weapons Defenses of Insects, Spiders, 178 Scorpions, and Other Many-Legged Creatures T. Eisner, M. Eisner, M. Siegler, reviewed by M. Berenbaum Darwin 179 N. Eldredge, curator; reviewed by R. S. Winters POLICY FORUM Clinical Trials Results Databases: Unanswered Questions 180 C. B. Fisher PERSPECTIVES Two Geometric Solutions to a Transporting Problem 182 C. Smith Where Have All the Transistors Gone? 183 R. P. Cowburn >>Report p. 205 Running a Clock Requires Quality Time Together 184 J. C. Dunlap >>Report p. 226 Titan’s Zoo of Clouds 186 E. Lellouch >>Report p. 201 When Proteomes Collide 187 J. S. Bader and J. Chant >>Report p. 239 Volume 311, Issue 5758 NEWS OF THE WEEK South Korean Team’s Remaining Human 156 Stem Cell Claim Demolished Iran’s Trouble With Molybdenum May Give 158 Diplomacy a Second Chance Plants May Be Hidden Methane Source 159 SCIENCESCOPE 159 Scripps’s Offshoot Stalled in South Florida 160 More Details Sought in Assessing Health Risks 161 More Cases in Turkey, but No Mutations Found 161 NEWS FOCUS The New World of Global Health 162 Public-Private Partnerships Proliferate U.S. Rules on Accounting for Grants 168 Amount to More Than a Hill of Beans A Career Change Possible for North Korea’s 170 Nuclear Scientists? Long Trek to Solar System’s Last Frontier Begins 172 HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM (HFSP) 12 quai St. Jean, 67080 STRASBOURG Cedex, FRANCE E-mail:grant@hfsp.org Web site: http://www.hfsp.org OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH The Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) supports international collaborations in basic research with emphasis placed on novel, innovative and interdisciplinary approaches to funda- mental investigations in the life sciences. Applications are invited for grants to support projects on complex mechanisms of living organisms. CALL FOR LETTERS OF INTENT FOR RESEARCH GRANTS: AWARD YEAR 2007 The HFSP research grant program aims to stimulate novel, daring ideas by supporting collaborative research involving biologists together with scientists from other disciplines such as chemistry, phys- ics, mathematics, computer science and engineering. Recent developments in the biological and physical sciences and emerging disciplines such as computational biology and nanoscience open up new approaches to understanding the complex mechanisms underlying biological functions in living organisms. Preliminary results are not required in research grant applications. Applicants are expected to develop new lines of research through the collaboration; projects must be distinct from applicants’ other research funded by other sources. HFSP supports only international, collaborative teams, with an emphasis on encouraging scientists early in their careers. International teams of scientists interested in submitting applications for support must fi rst submit a letter of intent online via the HFSP web site. The guidelines for potential applicants and further instructions are available on the HFSP web site (www.hfsp.org). Research grants provide 3 years support for teams with 2 – 4 members, with not more than one member from any one country, unless more members are absolutely necessary for the interdisciplinary nature of the project, which is an essential selection criterion. Applicants may also establish a local interdisciplinary collaboration as a component of an international team but will be considered as 1.5 team members for budgetary purposes (see below). The principal applicant must be located in one of the member countries* but co-investigators may be from any other country. Clear preference is given to intercontinental teams. TWO TYPES OF GRANT ARE AVAILABLE Young Investigators’ Grants are for teams of scientists who are all within 5 years of establishing an independent laboratory and within 10 years of obtaining their PhDs. Program Grants are for independent scientists at all stages of their careers, although the participa- tion of younger scientists is especially encouraged. Awards are dependent upon team size and successful teams will receive up to $450,000 per year for the whole team. Important Deadlines: Compulsory pre-registration for password: 20 MARCH 2006 Submission of Letters of Intent: 30 MARCH 2006 *Members are Australia, Canada, the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 13 JANUARY 2006 135 CONTENTS continued >> SCIENCE EXPRESS www.sciencexpress.org APPLIED PHYSICS Optical Signatures of Coupled Quantum Dots E. A. Stinaff et al. A combination of electric field resonances and optical excitation can couple a pair of neutral and charged quantum dots, which can then exchange quantum-stored information. 10.1126/science.1121189 ASTRONOMY A Radio Pulsar Spinning at 716 Hz J. W. T. Hessels et al. A neutron star in the Terzan 5 globular cluster is rotating 15 percent more rapidly than other known pulsars, constraining its radius to about 16 kilometers. 10.1126/science.1123430 NEUROSCIENCE New Neurons Follow the Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Adult Brain K. Sawamoto et al. Fluid flow set up by the coordinated beating of cilia along the brain’s ventricles carries signaling factors that guide neurons migrating through the underlying tissue. 10.1126/science.1119133 CONTENTS BREVIA ASTRONOMY Interferometric Coupling of the Keck Telescopes 194 with Single-Mode Fibers G. Perrin et al. A special type of long optical fibers link between two Keck telescopes allows them to operate as a giant optical interferometer, paving the way for the next generation of optical telescopes. RESEARCH ARTICLE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY Structural Basis for Double-Stranded 195 RNA Processing by Dicer I. J. MacRae et al. The RNA binding site of the small RNA–generating enzyme Dicer is located 65 Å from the two RNA cleavage sites, reliably producing ~25-nucleotide RNA fragments. REPORTS GEOPHYSICS The Nature of the 660-Kilometer Discontinuity 198 in Earth’s Mantle from Global Seismic Observations of PP Precursors A. Deuss, S. A. T. Redfern, K. Chambers, J. H. Woodhouse Global detection of seismic waves reflected from a major boundary in Earth’s mantle implies that the boundary is produced by multiple phase transitions. PLANETARY SCIENCE The Latitudinal Distribution of Clouds on Titan 201 P. Rannou, F. Montmessin, F. Hourdin, S. Lebonnois Simulations suggest that atmospheric circulation alone, without ground sources, can explain the enigmatic distribution of methane and ethane clouds on Titan. >>Perspective p. 186 195 TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS OCEAN SCIENCE Comment on “Iron Isotope Constraints on the 177 Archean and Paleoproterozoic Ocean Redox State” K. E. Yamaguchi and H. Ohmoto full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5758/177a Response to Comment on “Iron Isotope Constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Ocean Redox State” O. J. Rouxel, A. Bekker, K. J. Edwards full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5758/177b REVIEW PHYSICS Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics 189 at Nanoscale Dimensions E. Ozbay . purification GE18-05 www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 13 JANUARY 2006 133 CONTENTS CONTENTS continued >> DEPARTMENTS 139 Science Online 141 This Week in Science 147 Editors’ Choice 150 Contact Science 153. cures. –Donald Kennedy 10.1126 /science. 1124498 Donald Kennedy is Editor-in-Chief of Science. www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 13 JANUARY 2006 145 EDITORIAL LEADERSHIP IN LIFE SCIENCE, HIGH TECHNOLOGY. text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311 /5758/ 177b REVIEW PHYSICS Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics 189 at Nanoscale Dimensions E. Ozbay www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311