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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM VAN TUNG Topic title EVALUATION OF BIOGAS USEDIN TAN KIM COMMUNE PHU BINH DISTRICTTHAI NGUYEN PROV[.]
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM VAN TUNG Topic title: EVALUATION OF BIOGAS USEDIN TAN KIM COMMUNE PHU BINH DISTRICTTHAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study mode: Full-time Major: environmental science and management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: K42 n i Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Pham Van Tung Student ID DTN1053050060 Thesis title Evaluation of biogas used in Tan Kim commune Phu Binh didtrict Thai Nguyen province Superviser Prof.Dr Tran Ngoc Ngoan Abstract: Global warming is urgent issue when effect of global warming can be recognized by everyone Agriculture contribute large proportion to warm up the Earth, especially livestock The effective measure such as biogas are essential for sustainable development Although biogas can reduce pollutants in wastewater, wastewater still pollutes the environment This study collected data about biogas use in Tan Kim commune, an agricultural commune in Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province, to evaluate the effectiveness of biogas technology in household scale in hadling livestock waste treatment All document related to biogas, Tan Kim’s condition is collected It is the background for this research Biogas outlet wastewater in Tan Kim is collected to analysis pollution level and effectiveness of biogas tanks The methodologies such as inheritence, comparision, random sampling and some lab method were used Although the result demonstrates good status, many drawbacks were found The outlet wastewater is not treated completely and many household, who use biogas, lack of secondary measure They not have biological ponds or sedimentation tanks to handle outlet wastewater of biogas In conclusion, biogas is an effective measure in livestock waste treatment, however there are some disadvantages need to be solved Key words: Biogas, livestock waste treatment Number of pages: Date of submission 1/15/2015 n ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To begin with, we know that knowledge is just only can be proved by our works, and internship is one of the best opportunity for student whose can their first project before they find their jobs in the future By this way, learners can easily experience more the working environment, and it is extremely important for our life after that Besides that, we are not only improving ourselves by knowledge in company environment but also making more friends whose are having many experiences in environment, and it will help us in the near future From my perspective, this internship is absolutely needed, helpful and important Because of that, and be assigned by the International Training Center and also the allowed of Tan Kim Commune people’s committee, I started the thesis: “EVALLUATION OF BIOGAS USED IN TAN KIM COMMUNE, PHU BINH DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE”, I got helps from Professor Nguyen Ngoc Ngoan, my supervisor To well done this thesis, I want to express profound gratitude to Advanced Education Program, the school administrators, the staffs in Tan Kim Commune people’s committee, and particularly my supervisor, Professor Tran Ngoc Ngoan who is always supports me every single time I got troubles I would like to send him a warmly thanks for his support, and for his sacrifice for education, as same as environmental issues in Vietnam All in all, I would like to say that I have tried my best to finish this thesis in my abilities However, honestly, I partly believe that my thesis still have some problems because of the limitation of knowledge and reality experiences, especially in our environmental circumstances these days It is totally happy if I can get feedbacks and comments from you, my teachers and supervisor to finish my thesis in a fantastic way, to get the best results n iii Abbreviations AD: anaerobic digestion BOD: biological oxygen demand COD: chemical oxygen demand MARD: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development T-N: Total nitrogen T-P: Total phosphorus VFA: Volatile fatty acids n iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aimof the thesis .2 1.3 Requirementsofthesis .2 1.4 Research questions PARTII LITERATUREREVIEW 2.1Overview oflivestock waste: 2.1.1Definition oflivestock waste 2.1.2 Classification oflivestock waste 2.1.3 Ability to pollution of livestock waste 2.1.4 The applicationoflivestock waste 2.2 Biogas and biogas technology in livestock waste treatment 2.2.1 Biogas defenition 2.2.2 The composition of biogas 2.2.3 Characteristicsof biogas 2.2.4 Thechemical reactionsandthe formation ofbiogas 2.2.5 Factorsaffectingthe formation ofbiogas 10 2.2.6 Advantages of using biogas in livestock waste treatment 11 2.2.7 Structureofbiogas 13 2.2.8 Some types of biogas in Vietnam .13 2.3 The utilization of biogas in the world and Vietnam 19 2.3.1 The utilization of biogas in the world 19 2.3.2 The utilization of biogas in Vietnam 20 CHAPTER III OBJECTS, CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 Objects and scope of the study 21 3.1.1 Objectsof the study .21 3.1.2 Scope of the study .21 3.2 Location and Research Time 21 3.3 Contents of study 21 n v 3.4 Methodology 22 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24 4.1 Natural, economic andsocio-cultural condition of TanKim commune 24 4.1.1Natural conditionsofTanKim commune 24 4.1.2 Theeconomic-cultural-social condition of TanKim commune 25 4.1.3 Environmental Status in Tan Kim commune 28 4.2 Current status of biogas use in livestock waste treatment in Tan Kim commune 29 4.2.2Input materialsforbiogas 34 4.2.3 Sources of biogas information 34 4.2.4 Reasonsto installbiogas .35 4.2.5 The utilization ofbiogasproducts 36 4.2.6 Laboratory results .36 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 42 5.1 Discussion 42 5.2 Conclusion .42 n vi List of Tables Table 2.1: Composition of biogas Table4.1: Resultof food production, animal husbandryand fisheryin 2010 26 Table 4.2: Construction time of biogas tanksin TanKim 30 Table 4.3: Type of biogas in Tan Kim commune .31 Table 4.4: Wastewater discharge location and Distanceof discharge locationwithwater source 33 Table4.5: Reasonsto peopleinstallbiogas 35 Table4.6: Analysis Results ofphysical and chemicalindicatorsof biogas wastewater samples 37 Table 4.7: Average Value of some indicators of biogas input wastewater .37 n vii List of Figures Figure 2.1: Types of box biogas type 14 Figure 2.2: types of cylindrical biogas type 14 Figure 2.3: Type of Can Tho university 16 Figure 2.4: Type of Energy Institute 16 Figure 4.1: Volume of biogas tanks 31 Figure 4.2 The distanceofbiogas tanks withwater source 32 Figure 4.3 Sources of biogas information 34 Figure4.4: Comparison ofCODindicatorsofbiogas 38 Figure 4.5: Comparison of BODindicatorsofbiogas 39 Figure 4.6: Comparison of T-Pindicatorsofbiogas 39 Figure 4.7: Comparison of T-Nindicatorsofbiogas 40 n PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Agriculture in our country holds a key role in economic development Although our country is promoting industrialization and modernization, agriculture has a very important place in the economy, the firm fulcrum for economic development.The development of the farming sector has contributed to promote livestock development and play an important role in agricultural production However, with the strong development of live stock, many environmental issues have arisen, especially environmental pollution caused by animal waste Therefore finding the right solution for handling animal waste before discharge into the environment is essential for the sustainable development agriculture In Vietnam, the extensive research and application of biogas technology is one of the key solutions to solve environmental pollution, fuel supply, energy saving, effective fertilizer in rural areas According to the Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) per year industry and poultry farming generates about 75-85 million tonnes of waste, in the form of untreated manure and untreated wastewater, discharged directly into the environment causing pollution of land, water and air Currently, traditionalforms of livestock such as barns near the house, livestock waste directly into the environment without treatment pollute the environment, unpleasant odor, but also aesthetic manner environment Fertilizers and livestock wastewater is discharged directly into the environment that createa favorable environment for flies and mosquitoes develop Flies and mosquitoes are the intermediate host disease dangerous to humans The strong development of flies and mosquitoes directly threat to human health and animals,even cause disease.Besides that, the stench of livestock manure and poultry is also a significant nuisance for the farmers and the farmers living n around Facing this situation, to develop the livestock sector efficiency and sustainability requires measures tomanage and treat livestock waste effectively In fact, there are manyresearch projects of many organizations and individuals are doing in handling waste from livestock operations to reduce the risk of pollution as well as take advantage of the animal waste as a source of raw materials for other agricultural activities In particular, biogas technology is considered as the most effective measures, not only reduce the risk of contamination, solvethe problem of energy but also economical solution for people in rural areas However, inthe process of developingandexpandingthe difficulties will arise; over time, biogas system cannot ensure efficiency Stemming from the above problems, and the guide enthusiastically of associate professorTran Ngoc Ngoan, the research : "Evaluation of biogas using in Tan Kim commune - Phu Binh district-Thai Nguyen province" is performed 1.2 Aim of the thesis The Aim of this thesis is to survey and evaluate the effectiveness of biogas use in livestock waste treatment in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province, especially the level of pollutant of biogas outlet wastewater To draw a conclusion about effectivenesswhichbiogas provides andthe difficulties in the process of using biogas To Make the proposal to improve effectiveness of biogas used in Tan Kim commune 1.3 Requirements of thesis - Survey and assessment accurately, honestly the using of biogas in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province -Collectall documents and data related to the research topic scientifically and objectively - Draw advantages and limitations in the application of biogas technology from the data collected n ... effectiveness of biogas used in Tan Kim commune 1.3 Requirements of thesis - Survey and assessment accurately, honestly the using of biogas in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province. .. allowed of Tan Kim Commune people’s committee, I started the thesis: “EVALLUATION OF BIOGAS USED IN TAN KIM COMMUNE, PHU BINH DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE? ??, I got helps from Professor Nguyen. .. Evaluation of biogas used in Tan Kim commune Phu Binh didtrict Thai Nguyen province Superviser Prof.Dr Tran Ngoc Ngoan Abstract: Global warming is urgent issue when effect of global warming can