HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG CHUYÊN VÙNG DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LẦN THỨ IX MÔN TIẾNG ANH KHỐI 11 Thời gian 180 phút A LISTENING (50 points) Part 1 You will hear part of a radio prog[.]
HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LẦN VÙNG DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC THỨ IX BỘ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - KHỐI 11 Thời gian: 180 phút ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT ĐIỆN BIÊN A LISTENING (50 points) Part 1: You will hear part of a radio programe in which two people, Sally White and Martin Jones, are discussing the popularity of audio books For questions 1- 5, choose the answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear (10 pts) Sally feels that the main advantage of audio books is that they A encourage children to read more B make more books accessible to children C save parents from having to read to children D are read by experienced actors What does Martin say about the woman who came into his shop? A She no longer worries about long journeys B Her children used to argue about what to listen to C she no longer takes her children to France D Her children don’t like staying in hotels Martin says that in the USA there is a demand for audio books because people there A were the first to obtain audio books B feel that they not have time to read books C are used to listening to the spoken words on the radio D have to drive long distances Sally says that authors may record their own books on tape if A their book has just been published B they want it read a certain way C they have already read extracts from it aloud D there are no suitable actors available Page of 21 According to Sally, successful abridgements depend on A their closeness to the original B the length of the original C the style of the author D the type of story Your answers: Part For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about water shortage in deserts Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) (10 pts) Scientists have already found one answer to the problem of water shortages They got their idea from a small beetle that is an expert at surviving in hot and dry conditions in Afiran desert Scientist designed the shape and material like those of the beetle’s bumps to collect water from the air The scientists believe this new technology could be helpful in many dry places One of the scientists, Philseok Kim, said their design could help speed up the process of quickly converting steam to liquid water in thermal power plants Your answers: Part You hear a talk about short-sightedness Listen to the talk and complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER (20 pts) Researchers predicted in a (1) _ in the journal Opthalmology that by 2050, half of the world's population will be short-sighted (2) _ for this condition is myopia It is also known as near-sightedness It is when we have difficulty (3) _ that are far away from us The researchers say that around 4.8 billion people will suffer from myopia myopia This is a (4) _ in cases from 2000 to 2050 Sixty years ago, around 15 per cent of the Chinese population was shortsighted Now, almost 90 per cent of Chinese teenagers (5) _ have Page of 21 trouble seeing faraway objects A recent survey found that up to 95 per cent of teenagers in South Korea are near-sighted The researchers said they could not pinpoint (6) _ this phenomenon and say it could be a combination of factors They did say that looking at computer screens and mobile phones could be (7) _ Researchers said (8) _in myopia may be linked to "lifestyle changes resulting from a combination of decreased time outdoors and increased (9) _" Science journalist Sarah Zhang said, "spending time outdoors, especially in early childhood, reduces the onset of myopia" Professor Kovin Naidoo, (10) _the report, offered some advice He said: "You could spend a long time reading computers and screens, but also spend hours outdoors." Your answers: 10 B LEXICO-GRAMMAR (30 points) Part 1: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) which best completes each sentence (10 pts) Journalists were around the hotel, waiting to interview the star A sauntering B milling C trudging D staggering Tim’s extremely punctual He turns up every day at nine o’clock on the A dot B spur C spot D day That human rights are is unacceptable in a civilized society A abrogated B impeached C infringed D quashed A: You should neverhave agreed to help mend her car! B: “ ” A Famous last words B Well, you live and learn Page of 21 C It’s a small word D You can’t win them all The rents in this area are the highest in the city A far from away B away by far C far and away D far or away All buliding work must be carried out safety regulations A on behalf of B with obedience to C in compliance with D with reference to We’ll have to take what he says on A trust B faith C belief D confidence I don’t like that movie because the storyline seemed A compulsory B analogue C poised D contrived I can’t tell you much about the subject, I’m afraid I only have a very knowledge of it myself A fundamental B redimentary C elemental D primary 10 No matter how angry he was, he would never to violence A resort B resourse C exert D resolve 11 He looks very aggressive and threatening, and so his soft, gentle voice is rather A disembodied B disconcerting C dismissive D discordant 12 We were by the officers' decision to divert the whole traffic from the main route A rambled B shuffled C stumbled D baffled 13 I usually buy my clothes It’s cheaper than going to the dressmaker A on the house B off the peg C in public D on the shelf 14 My father _ when he found out that I had damaged his car A brought the house down B saw pink elephants C made my blood boil D hit the roof 15 She was kept awake for most of the night by the of a mosquito in her car A groan B moan C whine D screech 16 Their eventual choice of the house was _ by the time Peter would take to get to the office A related B consequent C determined Page of 21 D dependent 17 When the funds finally , they had to abandon the scheme A faded away B clamped down C petered out D fobbed off 18 I was in a quandary what to say A as to B for C owing to D of 19 The argiricultural project suffered a major when winter arrived three weeks ealier than expected A distortion B downfall C contraction D setback 20 The police arrested the wrong man manily because they the names they had been given by the witness A bewildered B merged C confused D puzzled Your answers 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Part 2: Identify errors in the following passage and correct them, (0) has been done as an example (5 pts) I can not stress too much the important on watching your opponent, of knowing exactly where he is on the tennis court and what he is doing It is usually possible to work out the pattern of his game very early in a match Test at the front of the court Try hitting one or two balls up high to see how his shots are like The more quickly you discover his weaknesses, the easier the match should become Now and again it may be a good idea to give your opponent an opportunity of a mistake When, early in the match, it seems that he os very accurate player, but not a forceful one, then you should tempt him to play a winning shot Give him the opening, for there are some players who simply cannot hit winners They will try to play an attacking game but 10 they can't quite finish it off The way to break down their steady game may be putting 11 them into the front of the court 12 It is obviously wiser to try to be at the beginning of the match whether your opponent is 13 weaker on his left-hand or on his right-hand side, and then play a little more than fifty 14 percent of your shots down that side Play a normal attacking game, or the game you Page of 21 15 think you will win, but concentrate on the weaker side A number of players experience 16 more trouble than others in the back corners of the court - always be ready to recognize 17 this weakness Perhaps an opponent has a favorite backhand shot, but lacks certainty 18 with his forehand shot Tempt him to play the forehand shot Number Line Mistake Correction on of Part Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle (10 pts) She says she won’t help us, but we’ll soon get her The man was forced to give himself to the police What were you driving when you said you might not see Mark for sometime? He came several thousand pounds when his grandfather died I wish you wouldn’t fly me like that every time I made a mistake Your answers: Part Complete the following sentences with the words given in the brackets You have to change the form of the word (10 pts) King of the Watchmakers For a period of its history, the city of Coventry had a considerable reputation as the main center of clock and watch-making in Britain, and Coventry timepieces made then were (1) (SYNONYM) with both quality and (2) (RELY) _ Few people in the city today will have heard of Samuel Watson, but he almost (3) (HAND) paved the way for Coventry’s involvement in the Page of 21 clock and watch business He was at the (4) (FRONT) of the watchmaking revolution in the 1680s, and although it is not known how Watson became involved in the trade, he was a trailblazer for others Watson made his name in 1682 when he sold a clock to King Charles II and was invited to be the King’s (5) (MATHEMATICS) The following he began work on an astronomical clock for the King, complete with planets and signs of the zodiac, which took seven years to build It not only told the time of day but also the (6) (POSITION) _ changes of the planets Queen Mary acquired it in 1691 and it is still in the (7) (OWN) of the Royal Family He built several other clocks, and by 1690 the clamour for Watson’s clocks was such that he left Conventry and took up (8) (RESIDE) in London He became Master of the London Clockmakers’ Company in 1692, which is testament to his (9) (STAND) _ in the growing industry In 1712, Samuel Watson’s name disappears from the records of the London Clockmakers’ Company, and the (10) (LIKELY) is that he died in that year Your answer 10 C READING (60 points) Part 1: For questions 1–15, read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes (15 pts) SECRETARIES What’s in a name? In the case of the secretary, it can be something rather surprising The dictionary calls a secretary “anyone who handles correspondence keeps records and does clerical work for others” But while this particular job (1) _ looks a bit (2) _, the word’s original meaning is a hundred times more exotic and perhaps more (3) _ The word itself has been with us since the 14th century and comes from the medieval Latin word secretaries meaning “something hidden” Secretaries started out as those members of staff Page of 21 with knowledge hidden from others, the silent ones mysteriously (4) _ the secret machinery of organizations A few years ago “something hidden” probably meant (5) out of sight, tucked away with all the other secretaries and typists A good secretary was an unremarkable one, efficiently (6) _ orders, and then returning mouse-like to his or her station behind the typewriter, but, with the (7) _ of new technology, the job (8) upgraded itself and the role has changed to one closer to the original meaning The skills required are more (9) _ and more technical Companies are (10) that secretarial staff should already be (11) trained in, or at least familiar with, a (12) of word processing packages In addition to this, they need the management skills to take on some administration, some personnel work and some research The professionals in the (13) _ business see all these developments as (14) _ the jobs which secretaries are being asked to It may also encourage a dramatic (15) in office practice In the past it was usual to regard the secretary as almost dehumanized, to be seen and not heard A explanation B detail C definition D characteristic A elderly B unfashionable C outdated D aged A characteristic B related C likely D appropriate A operating B pushing C vibrating D effecting A kept B covered C packed D held A satisfying B obeying C completing D minding A advent B approach C entrance D opening A truly B validly C correctly D effectively A thorough B demanding C severe D critical 10 A insisting B ordering C claiming D pressing 11 A considerably B highly C vastly D supremely 12 A group B collection C cluster D range 13 A appointment B hiring C recruitment D engagement 14 A improving B intensifying C advancing D heightening 15 A turn B change C switch D swing Your answers Page of 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 Part 2: For questions 1-10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space Use only one word in each space (15pts) ACCIDENTAL INVENTORS A number of products (1) _ we commonly use today were developed quite by accident Two of many possible examples of this concept (2) the leotard and the Popsicle, each of which came (3) when an insightful person recognized a potential benefit in a negative situation The first of these accidental inventions is the leotard, a close-fitting, one- piece garment worn today by dancers, gymnasts, and acrobats, (4) _ others In 1828, a circus (5) named Nelson Hower was faced with the prospect of missing his performance because his costume was (6) the cleaners In stead of canceling his part of the show, he decided to perform in his long underwear Soon, other circus performers began performing the (7) _way When popular acrobat Jules Leotard adopted the style, it became (8) as the Leotard Another product (9) by chance was the Popsicle In 1905, eleven – year old Frank Epperson stirred up (10) drink of fruit- flavored powder and soda water and then mistakenly left the drink, (11) the spoon in it, out on the back porch overnight As the temperature (12) _ that night, the soda water froze around the spoon, creating a tasty treat Years (13) _ remembering how enjoyable the treat had been Epperson went (14) _ business (15) Popsicles Your answer 10 11 12 13 14 15 Part 3: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow (15 pts) Page of 21 The Amazonian wilderness harbors the greatest number of species on this planet and is an irreplaceable resource for present and future generations Amazonia is crucial for maintaining global climate and genetic resources, and its forest and rivers provide vital sources of food, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and water needed by wildlife and humanity The Los Amigos watershed in the state of Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru, is representative of the pristine lowland moist forest once found throughout most of upper Amazonian South America Threats to tropical forests occur in the form of fishing, hunting, gold mining, timber extraction, impending road construction, and slash and burn agriculture The Los Amigos watershed, consisting of 1.6 million hectares (3.95 million acres), still offers the increasingly scarce opportunity to study rain forest as it was before the disruptive encroachment of modern human civilization Because of its relatively pristine condition and the immediate need to justify it as a conservation zone and as a corridor between Manu National Park and the Tambopata-Candamo Reserved Zone, this area deserves intensive, long-term projects aimed at botanical training, ecotourism, biological inventory, and information synthesis On July 24, 2001, the government of Peru and the Amazon Conservation Association, represented by Enrique Ort?z, signed a contractual agreement creating the first long-term permanently renewable conservation concession To our knowledge this is the first such agreement to be implemented in the world The conservation concession protects 340,000 acres of old growth Amazonian forest in the Los Amigos watershed which is located in southeastern Peru This watershed protects the eastern flank of Manu National Park and is part of the lowland forest corridor that links it to Bahuaja-Sonene National Park The Los Amigos conservation concession will serve as a mechanism for the development of a regional center of excellence in natural forest management and biodiversity science Several major projects are being implemented at the Los Amigos Conservation Area Louise Emmons is initiating studies of mammal diversity and ecology in the Los Amigos area Other projects involve studies of the diversity of arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and birds Robin Foster has conducted botanical studies at Los Amigos, resulting in the labeling of hundreds of plant species along two kilometers of trail in upland and lowland forest Los Amigos has also been a major field site for Robin's rapid identification laminated photographic field guides to tropical plants Michael Goulding is leading a fisheries and aquatic ecology program, which Page 10 of 21 aims to document the diversity of fish, their ecologies, and their habitats in the Los Amigos area and the Madre de Dios watershed in general With support from the Amazon Conservation Association, and in collaboration with US and Peruvian colleagues, the Botany of the Los Amigos project has been initiated At Los Amigos, we are attempting to develop a system of preservation, sustainability, and scientific research; a marriage between various disciplines, from human ecology to economic botany, product marketing to forest management The complexity of the ecosystem will best be understood through a multidisciplinary approach, and improved understanding of the complexity will lead to better management In essence, we must be informed to make wise management decisions about Amazonian forests These forests hold the greatest number of species on our planet and are an irreplaceable resource for present and future generations The future of these forests will depend on sustainable management and development of alternative practices and products that not require irreversible destruction The botanical project will provide a foundation of information that is essential to other programs at Los Amigos By combining botanical studies with fisheries and mammology, we will better understand plant/animal interactions By providing names, the botanical program will facilitate accurate communication about plants and the animals that use them Included in this scenario are humans, as we will dedicate time to people-plant interactions in order to learn what plants are used by people in the Los Amigos area, and what plants could potentially be used by people To be informed, we must develop knowledge To develop knowledge, we must collect, organize, and disseminate information In this sense, botanical information has conservation value Before we can use plant-based products from the forest, we must know what species are useful We must know what their names are in order to be able to communicate accurately about them We must be able to identify them, to know where they occur in the forest, how many of them exist, how they are pollinated and when they produce fruit (or other useful products) Aside from understanding the species as they occur locally at Los Amigos, we must have information about their overall distribution in tropical America in order to better understand and manage the distribution, variation, and viability of their genetic diversity and Page 11 of 21 germplasm This involves a more complete understanding of the species through studies in the field and herbarium The phrase “genetic resources” refers to A plant seeds B different races of people C diverse species of plants and animals C cells that can be used in genetic cures for diseases In paragraph 2, the author emphasizes that the current environmental condition of Amazonian South America is A mostly unscathed B restorable through his project C irredeemable everywhere but in the Los Amigos watershed D varying from destroyed to virtually pristine The word “concession” could be replaced, without changing the meaning, with A grant B acknowledgement C apology D compromise The author implies in paragraph three that the agreement between Peru and the Amazone Conservation Association is history primarily because it A was the first long-term agreement regarding land in the Amazone Rainforest B represented the first time a South American government had agreed to renew a conservation agreement C is essentially a permanent conservation agreement D represents the first time such an agreement has been in the form of a renewable contract The author’s main purpose in the passage is to A demonstrate that conservation efforts have been historically successful and so should be be continued B garner support for opposition to destructive activities in the Los Amigos watershed C position the Los Amigos watershed agreement as a success towards the achievement of the vital goal of conservation the Amazonian rainforests D argue that the study pristine rainforests is essential for documenting and studying the myriad new species that the forests contain Page 12 of 21 The author’s tone in the passage can be best described as A advocacy for his project over the other competing projects B general praise for conservation projects in Amazonian South America C passionate support for his and related projects D zealous advocacy for his point of view The work of Louise Emmons, Robin Foster, and Michael Goulding (in the fourth paragraph) are employed in the passage as A colleagues of the author’s in his botanical project B examples of the kinds of activities the author and his colleagues are trying to halt C scientists who are represent new trends of study in Amazonian botany D scientist involved in projects related and amenable to the author’s The author’s botanical project involved all of the following EXCEPT A studying plants in laboratory B studying how plants are used by humans and animals C facilitating pharmaceutical use of plants D labeling plants in the Los Amigos area When the author says that the botanical project will “provide names,” he means that the project will A help recognize new species B aid in the standardization of names for new species C participate in naming the region’s different zones D clarify the conclusion surrounding the names of different organizations working in Amazonia 10 When the author says that “botanical information has conservation value,” he means that A a robust understanding of conservationism is aided by botanical information B conservationists should strive to preserve botanical information C specification is important for conservation D political discussions about conservation should use botanical nomenslature Your answer Page 13 of 21 6 10 Part Read the following passage and the tasks that follow (15 pts) ADAM’S WINE A Water is the giver and, at the same time, the taker of life It covers most of the surface of the planet we live on and features large in the development of the human race On present prediction, it is an element that is set to assume even greater significance B Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives Humankind has always had a rather ambiguous relationship with water, on the one hand receiving enormous benefit from it, not just as a drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to trade But forced to live close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has not always been peaceful or beneficial In fact, it has been quite the contrary What has essentially been a necessity for survival has turned out in many instances to have a very destructive and life-threatening side C Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once lush and fertile are now barren; lakes and rivers that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert What perhaps is new is our native wonder when faced with the forces of nature D Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world Floods in far flung places are instant news for the whole world Perhaps these events make us feel better as we face the destruction of our own property by floods and other natural disasters E In 2002, many parts of Europe suffered severe flood damage running into billions of euros Properties across the continent collapsed into the sea as waves pounded the coastline wreaking havoc with sea defenses But it was not just the seas Rivers swollen by heavy rains and by the effects of deforestation carried large volumes of water that wrecked many communities F Building stronger and more sophisticated river defenses against flooding is the expensive short-term answer There are simpler ways Planting trees in highland areas, not just in Page 14 of 21 Europe but in places like Himalayas, to protect people living in low-lying regions like the Ganges Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution Progress is already being made in convincing countries that the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is causing considerable damage to the environment But more effort is needed in this directing G And the future? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two-thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2050 But for a growing number of regions of the world the future is already with us While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is causing conflict The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water with the Rio Grande failing to reach the Gulf of Mexico for the first time in 50 years in the spring of 2002, pitting region against region as they view for water sources With many parts of the globe running dry through drought and increased water consumption, there is now talk of water being the new oil H Other doom-laden estimates suggest that, while tropical areas will become drier and uninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as the polar ice caps melt Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas Today’s holiday hotspots of southern Europe and elsewhere will literally become hotspots- too hot to live in or visit With the current antic behaviour of the weather, it is difficult not to subscribe to such despair I Some might say that this despondency is ill-founded but we have had ample proof that there is something not quite right with the climate Many parts of the world have experienced devastating flooding As the seasons revolve, the focus of the destruction moves from one continent to another The impact on the environment is alarming and the cost to life depressing It is a picture to which we will need to become accustomed Questions 1-8 Choose the most suitable heading for paragraphs A-I from the list of heading below One of the headings has been done for you as an example There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them List of headings a Environmental change has always been with us b The scarcity of water Page 15 of 21 c Rivers and seas cause damage d Should we be despondent? Or realistic? e Disasters caused by the climate make us feel better f Water, the provider of food g What is water? h How to solve flooding i Far-flung flooding j Human’s relationship with water k The destructive force of water in former times l Flooding in the future m A pessimistic view of the future E.g: Paragraph A: g… Paragraph B: ……… Paragraph F: ……… Paragraph C: ……… Paragraph G: ……… Paragraph D: ……… Paragraph H: ……… Paragraph E: ……… Paragraph I: ……… Your answers: Question 9-15: Choose the correct option for each of the following The writer believes that water A is gradually becoming of greater importance B will have little impact on our lives in future C is something we will need more than anything else D will have even greater importance in our lives in the future 10 Humankind’s relationship with water has been _ A two-sided B one-sided C purely one of greater benefits D fairly frightening 11 The writer suggests that _ Page 16 of 21 A we are in awe of the news we read and see on TV every day B change to the environment leaves us speechless C we should not be in awe of the news we read and see on TV every day D our surprise at the environment change brought about by nature is something new 12 According to the text, planting trees A has to be coordinated internationally B is more expensive than building sea and river defenses C is a less expensive answer to flooding than building river defenses D is not an answer to the problem of flooding in all regions 13 By 2050, it is projected that _ A at least haft the world population will have fresh water B the majority of the world population will have fresh water C one-third of the world population will have fresh water D fresh water will only be available to haft of the world population 14 According to the text, in the future low-lying islands _ A will still be habitable B will not be under water C are likely to be under water D will probably not be under water 15 According to the writer _ A people not need to get used to environment damage B people will need to get used to climate changes that cause environmental damage C people are now more used to environmental damage than they have been in the past D the general despondency about environmental changes is ill-founded Your answer 10 11 13 14 15 12 D.WRITING (60 pts) Part 1: (5 pts) A/ Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it (2 pts.) Page 17 of 21 Her primus stove ceased to function on the last day (GASP) Her primus stove ……………………………………… on the last day At this time of year, the area is often affected by violent storms -> At this time of year, the area often ………………………………… violent storms B/ For each of the sentence below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence but using the word given This word must not be altered in any way (3 pts.) Trade has deteriorated and staff are being laid off (BAD) -> ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Don’t tell the boss about our scheme (BREATHE) -> ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Since the advertisement, we have had more applications than we can deal with (SWAMPED) -> ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Part 2: (20 pts) The graphs below give information about computer ownership as a percentage of the population between 2002 and 2010, and by level of education for the years 2002 and 2010 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Page 18 of 21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 19 of 21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Part Essay writing (35 pts) In recent years, the family structure and the role of its members are gradually changin What kinds of changes can ocurr? Do you think these changes are possitive or negative? Write an essay (about 250words) to express your opinion ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 20 of 21