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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** ĐỖ THỊ HUYỀN USING GROUP WORK TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS OF THE[.]
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** ĐỖ THỊ HUYỀN USING GROUP-WORK TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS OF THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS AT HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY Sử dụng hoạt động nhóm để cải thiện kỹ nói sinh viên năm trường Đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Hanoi - 2017 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** ĐỖ THỊ HUYỀN USING GROUP-WORK TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS OF THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS AT HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY Sử dụng hoạt động nhóm để cải thiện kỹ nói sinh viên năm trường Đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Trần Xuân Điệp Hanoi - 2017 z DECLARATION I hereby certify that the thesis entitled “Using group-work to improve speaking skills of the first-year students at HANOI University of Industry” is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master at the University of Languages and International Studies, Viet Nam National University, and this thesis has not been submitted for any other degrees Hanoi, 2017 Đỗ Thị Huyền i z ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like primarily to thank Assoc Prof Trần Xuân Điệp for helping me complete this study This paper would not have been possible without his constant support and encouragement His patience and helpful criticism helped me confidently express my ideas into this paper I regard myself extremely fortunate in having him as my dissertation supervisor I would also like to express my sincere thanks to all my lecturers at the Faculty of Post-graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies for their valuable lectures which have helped me a great deal in gaining a lot of theoretical as well as practical knowledge My special thanks go to my dear students at Hanoi University of Industry who helped me a lot by participating in speaking lessons and interviews enthusiastically Finally, I would also like to express my deep gratitude and love to my devoted parents, my husband and my friends who gave me time and encouraged me to complete this study ii z ABSTRACT Among four macro skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing, learners have favored speaking because it is used frequently in daily life However, students still have been faced with difficulties in learning speaking skills Therefore, the study was conducted for the purpose of offering group-work techniques, namely group discussion as a key to improve speaking skills of the first-year students at Hanoi University of Industry This is a report on the study of using group-work in order to improve speaking skills of the first-year students at Hanoi University of Industry The writer used action research as the method in carrying out the research It was done in four steps, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting The data were collected from the students’ speaking scores in the pre-test and post-test, classroom observation, and semi-structured interviews The research was conducted in two cycles Each cycle consisted of three meetings The study showed the improvements of the students’ scoring and performance In the pre-test, the mean score was 5.6 but in the post-test, their mean score increased to 6.1 The improvement of students’ speaking skill was recorded with the mean score of 6.9 The result shows that there are some improvements on the students’ speaking skill quantitatively and qualitatively iii z LISTS OF ABBRIVIATION EFL: English as a Foreign Language HaUI: Hanoi University of Industry T: Teacher Ss: Students S1: Student S2: Student S3: Student S4: Student S5: Student S6: Student S7: Student S8: Student S9: Student S10: Student 10 S11: Student 11 S12: Student 12 S13: Student 13 S14: Student 14 S15: Student 15 S16: Student 16 S17: Student 17 S18: Student 18 S19: Student 19 iv z TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LISTS OF TABLES AND GRAPHS viii PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Objectives of the study Scope of the study Significance of the study Method of the study Organization of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW Theoretical background 1.1 Theoretical background of speaking 1.1.1 Nature of speaking skill 1.1.2 Teaching speaking in a classroom 1.1.3 Testing Speaking 1.2 Theoretical background of group-work 11 1.2.1 Definition of group-work 11 1.2.3 Disadvantages of group-work 13 1.2.4 The principles in organizing group-work in speaking class 14 1.2.4.1 The preparation steps 14 1.2.4.2 Designing group-work activities 15 1.2.4.3 Steps of organizing group activities 16 1.2.4.4 Group formation 17 1.2.4.5 Group size 18 Review of existing related works 19 v z CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 21 2.1 Research design 21 2.2 The context of the study 21 2.2.1 The location and time of research 21 2.2.2 The students 21 2.2.3 The textbook 21 2.3 Procedure of the research 21 2.3.1 Planning 21 2.3.2 Acting 22 2.3.3 Observing 22 2.3.4 Reflecting 22 2.4 Data collection instruments 23 2.4.1 Semi-structured interviews 23 2.4.2 Observation and field notes 24 2.4.3 Records 24 2.5 Methods of data analysis 25 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS OF THE STUDY 26 3.1 The condition before the research 26 3.1.1 The results of interviews 26 3.1.2 The results of pre-test 27 3.2 Research implementation 28 3.3 Findings and discussion 32 3.3.1 Findings 32 3.3.2 Discussion 34 PART C: CONCLUSION 36 A summary of findings and concluding remarks 36 Limitations 36 Suggestions for further study 37 REFERENCES 39 vi z APPENDICES I APPENDIX 1: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS BEFORE CYCLE I (ENGLISH VERSION) I APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS BEFORE CYCLE (VIETNAMESE VERSION) I APPENDIX 3: INTERVIEW SRIPTS BEFORE CYCLE IN ENGLISH (SUMMARY .II APPENDIX 4: PRE-TEST IV APPENDIX 5: INTERVENING ACTIVITIES IN CYCLE V APPENDIX 6: POST-TEST FOR CYCLE IX APPENDIX 7: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AFTER CYCLE X (ENGLISH VERSION) X APPENDIX 8: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AFTER CYCLE (VIETNAMESE VERSION) X APPENDIX 9: INTERVENING ACTIVITIES IN CYCLE XI APPENDIX 10: POST-TEST FOR CYCLE XIII APPENDIX 11: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AFTER CYCLE XIII (ENGLISH VERSION) XIII APPENDIX 12: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AFTER CYCLE (VIETNAMESE VERSION) XIV APPENDIX 13: TYPICAL STUDENTS’ IMPROVEMENT SCRIPTS RECORDED IN PRE-TEST, POST-TEST 1, AND POST-TEST XV APPENDIX 14: THE RESULTS OF STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN PRE-TEST, POST-TEST 1, AND POST-TEST XX APPENDIX 15: GROUP OBSERVATION CHECKLISTError! Bookmark not defined vii z LISTS OF TABLES AND GRAPHS Table 1.1: The scoring of rubric of speaking Table 1.2: Criteria of vocabulary proficiency Table 1.3: Criteria of fluency proficiency 10 Table 1.4: Criteria of pronunciation proficiency 10 Table 1.5: Criteria of grammar proficiency 11 Table 2.1: Technique of collecting data 23 Table 2.2: The scales of speaking test 24 Table 2.3: Process of the research 22 Table 3.2: Pre-research situation 26 Table 3.3: Feature of students’ speech 27 Table 3.4: Overall implementation of the research 28 Table 3.5: Results of cycle 30 Table 3.6: Results of cycle 31 Table 3.7: Summary of the research findings 32 Graph 3.3: The improvement of students’ speaking score 34 viii z ... Assoc Prof Trần Xuân Điệp Hanoi - 2017 z DECLARATION I hereby certify that the thesis entitled ? ?Using group- work to improve speaking skills of the first- year students at HANOI University of Industry? ??... Hanoi University of Industry This is a report on the study of using group- work in order to improve speaking skills of the first- year students at Hanoi University of Industry The writer used action... address the following research questions: How is group- work used to improve speaking skills of the first- year students at HaUI? To what extent can group- work improve students? ?? speaking skills