Ebook a guide to the world bank (second edition)

The World Bank A guide to S E C O N D E D I T I O N 40519 P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed P ub lic D is cl os ur[.]

blic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 40519 A guide to The World Bank SECOND EDITION A guide to The World Bank A guide to The World Bank SECOND EDITION © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved 11 10 09 08 07 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org ISBN-10: 0-8213-6694-7 (soft cover) ISBN-10: 0-8213-6718-8 (hard cover) ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6694-3 (soft cover) ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6718-6 (hard cover) eISBN-10: 0-8213-6695-5 eISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6695-0 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6694-3 Cover design: Rock Creek Creative Cover photos (clockwise from lower left): World Bank/Jim Pickerell; World Bank/Ami Vitale; World Bank/Gennadiy Ratushenko Interior design and typesetting: Circle Graphics Interior photos: IFC/Rob Wright (page xiv); World Bank/Curt Carnemark (page xvi); World Bank/Simone McCourtie (page 6); World Bank/Thanit Thangpijaigul (page 44); IFC/courtesy of Embraer (page 138); World Bank/Bill Lyons (page 188) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guide to the World Bank — 2nd ed p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-8213-6694-3 — ISBN 978-0-8213-6695-0 (electronic) World Bank Group Developing countries—Economic conditions Economic assistance I World Bank HG3881.5.W57G853 2007 332.1'532—dc22 2007019884 Contents Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations The World Bank Group Mission Introduction xi xiii xv xvii How the World Bank Group Is Organized Governance of the World Bank Group The Five World Bank Group Institutions Organizing Principles within the World Bank Group Relationship to the IMF and the UN 7 11 27 40 How the World Bank Group Operates Strategies Policies and Procedures The Bank Group’s Finances Financial Products and Services Knowledge Sharing World Bank Project Cycle IFC Project Cycle Partnerships Staff, Consultants, and Vendors 45 46 55 59 61 72 76 82 84 87 World Bank Group Countries and Regions Member Countries Africa (Sub-Saharan) East Asia and the Pacific South Asia 93 94 103 110 115 v vi Contents Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa 121 127 133 Topics in Development Agriculture and Rural Development Aid Effectiveness Combating Corruption Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Debt Relief Economic Research and Data Education Empowerment and Participation Energy and Mining Environment Financial Sector Gender Globalization Governance Health, Nutrition, and Population Indigenous Peoples Information and Communication Technologies Infrastructure Labor and Social Protection Law, Regulation, and the Judiciary Manufacturing and Services Poverty Private Sector Development Social Development Sustainable Development Trade Transport Urban Development Water 139 140 141 143 144 145 147 149 152 153 155 157 159 160 161 163 166 167 168 170 172 173 174 176 179 180 181 183 184 185 APPENDIXES A Contacting the World Bank Group Headquarters and General Inquiries Media Relations, News, and Public Affairs Public Information 191 191 192 193 Contents B Timeline of World Bank Group History 195 C Presidents of the World Bank Group 203 D Country Membership in World Bank Group Institutions 205 E Constituencies of the Executive Directors 215 F Additional Country Resources 229 References 231 Index 233 Figures 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Relationship Between Member Countries and the World Bank Group Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IBRD World Bank Organizational Structure IFC Organizational Structure MIGA Organizational Structure Total IBRD-IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 Total IBRD-IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 IFC Investment Projects by Industry, Fiscal 2006 MIGA Guarantees Issued by Sector, Fiscal 2006 World Bank Project Cycle Total IBRD-IDA Lending by Region, Fiscal 2006 IFC Investment Projects by Region, Fiscal 2006 MIGA’s Outstanding Portfolio Distribution by Host Region as of June 30, 2006 Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 East Asia and the Pacific: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 East Asia and the Pacific: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 28 30 32 50 50 51 51 77 101 102 102 106 106 112 112 vii viii Contents 3.8 South Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 3.9 South Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 3.10 Europe and Central Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 3.11 Europe and Central Asia: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 3.12 Latin America and the Caribbean: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 3.13 Latin America and the Caribbean: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 3.14 Middle East and North Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending by Theme, Fiscal 2006 3.15 Middle East and North Africa: IBRD and IDA Lending by Sector, Fiscal 2006 E.1 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IBRD as of April 2007 E.2 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IDA as of April 2007 E.3 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of IFC as of April 2007 E.4 Voting Power of the Largest Shareholders of MIGA as of April 2007 118 118 124 124 130 130 135 135 216 219 222 225 Tables 1.1 1.2 2.1 D.1 E.1 E.2 E.3 E.4 County Eligibility for Borrowing from the World Bank as of July 1, 2006 Cumulative IDA Subscriptions and Contributions IBRD–IDA Cumulative Lending by Country/Region Country Memberships and Voting Shares in Each Institution as of April 2007 Voting Shares of Executive Directors of IBRD as of April 2007 Voting Shares of Executive Directors of IDA as of April 2007 Voting Shares of Directors of IFC as of April 2007 Voting Shares of Directors of MIGA as of April 2007 14 18 62 206 216 219 222 225 Boxes The Five World Bank Group Institutions Millennium Development Goals Contents 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 F.1 Origin of the Term “World Bank” IBRD Basic Facts IDA Basic Facts IFC Basic Facts MIGA Basic Facts ICSID Basic Facts Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Poverty Reduction Strategies: Key Steps Reporting Fraud or Corruption Financial Terms and Rates Obtaining World Bank Group Publications Web Links for Project Information, Disclosure, and Evaluation Web Links for Country Membership Information IBRD Graduates Africa Fast Facts East Asia and the Pacific Fast Facts South Asia Fast Facts Europe and Central Asia Fast Facts Latin America and the Caribbean Fast Facts Middle East and North Africa Fast Facts Web Links for Data and Statistics Regional Web Sites 11 13 17 20 24 25 47 53 59 67 76 81 94 97 104 111 116 122 128 134 147 230 ix Preface The World Bank Group is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world Our focus is on helping the poorest people in the poorest countries by using our financial resources, staff, and extensive experience to aid countries in reducing poverty, increasing economic growth, and improving quality of life Our efforts in this regard are as diverse as the people and landscapes in which we work In partnership with more than 100 developing countries, we are striving to improve health and education, fight corruption, boost agricultural support, build roads and ports, and protect the environment Other projects are aimed at rebuilding war-torn countries or regions, providing basic services such as access to clean water, and encouraging investments that create jobs In addition to this critical groundwork around the world, various parts of the World Bank Group are involved in activities ranging from conducting economic research and analysis to providing financial and advisory services to governments and private enterprises These activities reflect the emphasis we place on sharing development knowledge, which is gleaned not only from our decades of experience but also from that of our 185 members—including both developing and developed countries This completely revised and updated second edition of A Guide to the World Bank provides an accessible and straightforward overview of the World Bank Group’s history, organization, mission, and purpose Additionally, for those wishing to delve further into subjects of particular interest, the book guides readers to sources containing more detailed information, including annual reports, Web sites, publications, and e-mail addresses for various departments It is my hope that this second edition continues to help build a better understanding of the World Bank Group’s work and awareness of the world’s most critical challenge: putting an end to global poverty Marwan Muasher Senior Vice President External Affairs The World Bank xi Acknowledgments The first edition of A Guide to the World Bank—published in 2003—was conceived and edited by Paul McClure This second edition was produced by a team led by Stephen McGroarty Caroline Banton was indispensable in researching, fact checking, and writing Alice Faintich applied her superb editing skills to the manuscript Cindy Fisher expertly managed the design and editorial production of the book And Nora Ridolfi adeptly coordinated the printing process The book also benefited greatly from the advice and feedback of the following people: Anita Ahmed, Timothy T Carrington, John Didier, Francis Dobbs, Pernille Falck, Alexander Ferguson, Melissa Fossberg, Nicole Frost, Nadine Shamounki Ghannam, Leroy Grassley, Declan Heery, Jung Lim Kim, Natalia Kirpikova, Johanna Martinson, Katherine Marshall, Paul McClure, Roger Morier, Merrell Tuck-Primdahl, Catherine M Russell, Estela T Sanidad, Elena Serrano, Abigail Tamakloe, and Filippo Zanzi Many people in the Bank’s Office of the Publisher contributed to or provided assistance to this project Thanks go to Jose de Buerba, Valentina Kalk, Patricia Katayama, Kathryn Matthews, Paola Scalabrin, Thaisa Tiglao, Jonathan Tin, and Shana Wagger for their input We are also grateful for the continuous support and guidance provided by Dirk Koehler, Santiago Pombo, Nancy Lammers, Randi Park, Richard Crabbe, and Carlos Rossel xiii Abbreviations CAS Country Assistance Strategy CSO civil society organization HIPC heavily indebted poor countries HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund MDG Millennium Development Goal MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency NGO nongovernmental organization PIC public information center PREM Poverty Reduction and Economic Management PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper TB tuberculosis UN United Nations VPU vice presidential unit WBI World Bank Institute All dollar amounts are U.S dollars unless otherwise indicated xv A man works in a timber factory in Bosnia and Herzegovina The ability to work is the only financial asset of many of the world’s poor people Efficient labor markets create opportunities for work, thereby helping to reduce poverty The World Bank Group Mission To fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting results To help people help themselves and their environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity, and forging partnerships in the public and private sectors International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association To promote sustainable private sector investment in developing countries, helping to reduce poverty and improve people’s lives International Finance Corporation To promote foreign direct investment into developing countries to help support economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve people’s lives Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency xvii A mother and child in Botswana Nearly half of the world’s population today is under 25 years old Nine out of ten of these young people live in developing countries Within the developing world the majority of the poor are children and youth  ... Graduates Africa Fast Facts East Asia and the Pacific Fast Facts South Asia Fast Facts Europe and Central Asia Fast Facts Latin America and the Caribbean Fast Facts Middle East and North Africa... project Thanks go to Jose de Buerba, Valentina Kalk, Patricia Katayama, Kathryn Matthews, Paola Scalabrin, Thaisa Tiglao, Jonathan Tin, and Shana Wagger for their input We are also grateful for the. .. Africa (Sub-Saharan) East Asia and the Pacific South Asia 93 94 103 110 115 v vi Contents Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa 121 127 133 Topics in