Fundamental of Quantum Mechanics Pham Tan Thi, Ph.D Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Applied Sciences Ho Chi Minh University of Technology Quantum Mechanics Diffraction of Light/Electron by One Slit Double-slits Experiments for Electrons (Wave-like character of electrons) Wave-Particle Duality Energy in Energy out A beam of light can be thought as an electromagnetic wave a flux of particle (Huygens/Maxwell/Hertz) Electric Field (Newton/Planck/Einstein) Wavelength λ Zero mass, speed: c = x 108 m/s Direction of propagation Energy carried by each particle: h = 6.6262 x 10-34 J.s (Planck) ν (frequency) = 1/T (period) Particle (Photon): - Photoelectric Effect - Compton Effect c = λν Dispersion relation (Free space) Wave (Electromagnetism): - Interference - Diffraction de Broglie’s Hypothesis “Light can behave like a particle and Matter/Electron can behaves like a wave Energy of Photon by Special Relativity: E = pc Energy of Photon by Planck’s theory: E = h⌫ de Broglie’s wavelength: h = p Wave if λ > Scale It turns out that everything’s kind of mixed together at the fundamental microscopic scale For a Non-relativistic Free Particle Momentum is p = mv, here is v is the speed of the particle Total energy of a free particle, E, is kinetic energy: h h h = =p B = p mv 2mE p2 mv E=K= = 2m Bullet: m = 0.1 kg; v = 1000 m/s ➔ B ⇡ 6.63 ⇥ 10 36 m What is the de Broglie’s Wavelength of an Electron? What is the de Broglie’s wavelength of an electron moving at 2.2 x 106 m/s .. .Quantum Mechanics Diffraction of Light/Electron by One Slit Double-slits Experiments for Electrons (Wave-like character of electrons) Wave-Particle Duality Energy in Energy out A beam of light... everything’s kind of mixed together at the fundamental microscopic scale For a Non-relativistic Free Particle Momentum is p = mv, here is v is the speed of the particle Total energy of a free particle,... Energy of Photon by Special Relativity: E = pc Energy of Photon by Planck’s theory: E = h⌫ de Broglie’s wavelength: h = p Wave if λ > Scale It turns out that everything’s