Unit 6 key

Unit 6 GENDER EQUALITY KEY LANGUAGE FOCUS Phonetics Stress in two syllable words ''''gender, ''''equal, ''''female, de''''gree, en''''roll, Grammar The Passive voice with modals Gender discrimination must be elimina[.]

Unit GENDER EQUALITY - KEY LANGUAGE FOCUS Phonetics Stress in two-syllable words: 'gender, 'equal, 'female, de'gree, en'roll, Grammar The Passive voice with modals Gender discrimination must be eliminated so that everyone has equal opportunities in education I think you should be given some information about the job you apply for Vocabulary Words and phrases related to gender equality: treatment, eliminate discrimination I Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A equal B female C enroll D being Phát âm /ɪ/, từ lại phát âm /i:/ A report B perform C according D word Phát âm /ɜ:/, từ lại phát âm /ɔ:/ A women B college C opportunity D job Phát âm /ɪ/, từ lại phát âm /ɒ/ A girls B works C degrees D opportunities Phát âm /s/, từ lại phát âm /z/ A eliminated B forced C worked D missed Phát âm /ɪd/, từ lại phát âm /t/ II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions A project (n) B system C gender D agree Trọng âm vào âm tiết 2, từ lại vào âm tiết A target B housework C promote D study Trọng âm vào âm tiết 2, từ lại vào âm tiết A income B workforce C pursuit D passive Trọng âm vào âm tiết 2, từ lại vào âm tiết A produce B office C labour D childcare Trọng âm vào âm tiết 2, từ lại vào âm tiết A mature B affect C challenge D employ Trọng âm vào âm tiết 1, từ lại vào âm tiết III Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences "Gender equality and women's empowerment are fundamental to the global mission of the United Nations to A B achieving equal rights and dignity for all." - Ban Ki-moon C D → achieve Organizations will to have a duty to promote gender equality A B C D → have The gender gaps was visible in the way men and women voted during the presidential elections A B C D → gap About one third of developing country have not achieved gender parity in primary education A B C D → countries Not only men and women have many differences, but they also have many similarities A B C D → men and women IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences Gender is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world A equity B unity C equality D identity Gender equality: Bình đẳng giới Women and girls represent half of the world's population and therefore also half of potential A its B their C his D her Tính từ sở hữu bổ nghĩa cho danh từ hợp giống, số với danh từ Today gender inequality still persists everywhere and stagnates social A progress B progressive C progression D progresses Tiến xã hội: Danh từ trung tâm (không đếm được) danh ngữ As of 2014, 143 countries have guaranteed equality between men and women in their Constitutions but 52 have yet to this step A B go C make D take To take (this) step: Đi đến bước này, thực hành vi In some countries, girls are deprived access to health care or proper nutrition, leading to a higher mortality rate A of B off C from D away To be deprived of: bị tước (biến thể từ cấu trúc to deprive smb of smth) Child marriage affects girls more than boys A too B so C such D far Trạng từ mức độ bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ so sánh Unfair treatment based on gender, age or race must in our modern life A to be eliminate B be eliminated C to be eliminated D to be eliminating Chắc chắn loại bỏ: Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu In sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania and Western Asia, girls still face barriers to both primary and secondary school A enter B entering C be entered D be entering Danh động từ sau giới từ Women's and girls' empowerment essential to expand economic growth and promote social development A is B was C are D were Động từ câu chia hợp số, hợp thời 10 The Law on Gender Equality also stipulates that men and women be treated equally in workplaces A should B would C ought D could Nên đối xử: Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu 11 While the laws and policies provide a sound legal framework to protect women and men from gender-based discrimination, much in practice A remains to B remain to C remains to be done D remain to be done Được trì thực nguyên thể bị động làm bổ tố cho động từ remain 12 While Job advertisements should avoid any mention of gender as this represents a direct form of genderbased discrimination, the relevant data that such a practice is still common in Viet Nam A to indicate B indicated C has indicated D have indicated Động từ câu chia hợp số, hợp thời 13 Among the job postings that included a gender preference, 70 per cent specifically requested that the positions be filled by men only 30 per cent wanted female applicants A and B whereas C or D so Liên từ mâu thuẫn, khác biệt rõ rệt 14 Among the gender-preferred postings, men were most often targeted for more technical and skilled jobs or jobs that require more outdoor activities, such as architects A high B higher C highly D highest Trạng từ mức độ bổ nghĩa cho tính từ 15 The fact that in many cases women's access to certain jobs was restricted their reproductive role and/or main responsibility for childcare and the care of other dependents A on the basis of B in terms of C on occasions of D on condition that Cụm trạng từ cách thức bổ nghĩa cho động ngữ, hợp nghĩa (trên sở, tảng) 16 Maternity leave and the reproductive role may also result discrimination against women in the prospects for promotion A from B in C to D as Động từ đa thành tố/ đa kết trị, hợp nghĩa (result in: dẫn tới) 17 The introduction of policies which enables workers with family responsibilities to engage and advance in employment without discrimination should A to be encouraged B to be encouraging C be encouraging D be encouraged Cần khuyến khích: Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu 18 Promoting gender-based diversity in different occupations and job functions is key increasing companies' productivity and competitiveness A to B for C in D of Giới từ cụm giới từ cố định với tính từ: key to (là điểm mấu chốt) 19 Supporting women and men to build and advance their career is an issue of gender equality makes good business sense A both and B either or C not only but also D so that Liên từ tương liên khơng mà cịn 20 In Vietnam, UNESCO data indicates that among those with tertiary education, women always men in the period between 2007 and 2011 A outnumbers B outnumbered C has outnumbered D is outnumbered Động từ câu chia hợp thời, hợp thể, hợp dạng 21 For both physiological and social reasons, women are more vulnerable than men to health problems A reproduce B reproducing C reproductive D reproduction Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho cụm danh từ vấn đề sức khoẻ sinh sản) 22 Combating gender-based violence and protecting and supporting victims will be continued priority A a B the C every D each Mạo từ không xác định, hợp số 23 The ability of women their own fertility is fundamental to women's empowerment and equality A that control B to control C for controlling D of controlling Động từ nguyên mẫu (to_infinitive) làm bổ tố cho danh từ 24 A: "Are you attending the conference on gender equality this week?" B: “ ” A I don't think I will be able to come B Did you say that? C Well, things are different now D That's the way life is Tôi nghĩ đến (Đáp lại câu hỏi có đến dự hội thảo bình đẳng giới hay không) 25 A: "Women should have the same opportunities as men." B: “ ” A Gender equality needs men to get involved too B Women are working too much C Women should not receive higher education D None of that will do, I'm afraid Bình đẳng giới cần tham gia nam giới (đưa ý kiến theo ý kiến A: Phụ nữ cần hưởng chung hội nam giới) 26 Gender equality is achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society, economic participation and decision-making A include B includes C including D included Phân từ động từ đưa thêm thông tin bổ trợ cho thông tin đề cập mệnh đề 27 UNDP believes that the gender inequalities and attitudes and practices that hold women back, must be confronted and eliminated, if we are to leave no one behind A discriminate B discriminating C discriminatory D discriminated Tính từ miêu tả danh từ 28 From new laws to legal aid and justice services, UNDP is supporting survivors and changing attitudes and practices to end and prevent violence women and girls A of B to C over D against Giới từ against với danh từ violence 29 Half a billion women around the world can't read, 62 million girls are denied , and 155 countries still have laws that discriminate against women A the right of educating B the right of education C the right to educate D the right to education Quyền lợi tiếp cận với giáo dục (the right to: to giới từ) 30 many international agreements affirming their human rights, women are still much more likely than men to be poor and illiterate A Although B Despite C Because D Since Giới từ nhượng bộ/đối lập/mâu thuẫn V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences Vast inequalities threaten economies, communities and nations, trapping people in a cycle of poverty and marginalization A catching someone in a net B making someone prisoner C driving someone into dangerous situation D putting someone into a desperate situation Putting someone into a desperate situation: đẩy vào tình tuyệt vọng Pressed into motherhood early, or repeatedly, many girls and women are more prone to maternal injuries, disabilities or even death A likely B vulnerable C close D open Vulnerable: dễ bị tổn thương More than lip service should be paid to ensuring that women were invited to participate in national dialogues A empty promise B solemn promise C broken promise D early promise Empty promise: lời hứa suông Gender equality will be achieved only when women and men enjoy the same opportunities, rights and obligations in all spheres of life A areas B sides C ranges D ways Areas of life: khía cạnh sống Gender equality demands the empowerment of women, with a focus on identifying and redressing power imbalances and giving women more autonomy to manage their own lives A freedom of action B determination C dependence on others D decision Freedom of action: tự chủ, tự hành động VI Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following sentences The roles that men and women play in society are not biologically determined A It's not biology that determines the roles of men and women play in society B Society does not determine the roles that men and women play biologically C Biologically, men and women not play their determined roles in society D It is not in society where men and women play the roles biologically determined Thay đổi cấu trúc câu dùng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh It be that About two thirds of the world's illiterate adults are women A Women occupy about two thirds of the world's illiterate adults B Of the world's illiterate adults are about two thirds of women C Women are about two thirds of the world's illiterate adults D The world's illiterate adults are about two thirds of women Thay đổi cấu trúc câu cách thay đổi động từ với cấu trúc khác Gender equality cannot be achieved without the backing and enforcement of institutions A Without the backing and enforcement of institutions can gender equality be achieved B But for the backing and enforcement of institutions, gender equality cannot be achieved C To achieve gender equality, institutions should provide their backing and enforcement D Because of the backing and enforcement of institutions, gender equality can be achieved Thay đổi cấu trúc câu dùng ngữ giới từ “but for” thay cho giới từ “without” Six out of ten of the world's poorest people are women A Out of every ten poorest people are six women of the world B Women make up sixty percent of the poorest world population C Sixty percent of the world's poorest people are women D Six out of ten women are of the world's poorest people Thay đổi cấu trúc câu dùng sử dụng cụm danh từ tương đương Urbanization and technology create unexpected opportunities for women A Unexpected opportunities for women are created by urbanization and technology B Women not expect opportunities created by urbanization and technology C Unexpectedly, urbanization and technology have created opportunities for women D Opportunities for women have been unexpectedly created by urbanization and technology Thay đổi cấu trúc câu dùng thay đổi thể động từ (chủ động → bị động) VII Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given Technology allows for remote working This expands women's options A Technology allows for remote working, which expands women's options B That technology allows for remote working will expand women's options C Because technology allows for remote working, it expands women's options D Allowing for remote working, technology expands women's options Nối câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ 'which’ xây dựng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-restrictive relative clause) The report will examine unequal pay It will also examine other types of gender discrimination at workplace A The report will examine not only the unequal pay but also other types of gender discrimination at workplace B The report will examine the unequal pay that examines other types of gender discrimination at workplace C After examining the unequal pay, the report will examine other types of gender discrimination at workplace D The report will examine the unequal pay, and then it will examine other types of gender discrimination at workplace Nối câu sử dụng liên từ tương liên: not only but also We need to ensure equality of opportunity in all areas of work However, women not yet have true equality in the company A Although we need to ensure equality of opportunity in all areas of work, women not yet have true equality in the company B Because women not yet have true equality in the company, we need to ensure equality of opportunity in all areas of work C If we ensure equality of opportunity in all areas of work, women have had true equality in the company D We need to ensure equality of opportunity in all areas of work so that women have true equality in the company Nối câu sử dụng liên từ phản biện thể nhượng bộ: although Businesses seem to pay more attention to gender issues in senior positions Most of the senior positions are occupied by male officers A Businesses seem to pay more attention to gender issues in senior positions which are mostly occupied by male officers B As businesses seem to pay more attention to gender issues in senior positions, most of the positions are occupied by male officers C As most of senior positions are occupied by male officers, then businesses pay more attention to gender issues in these positions D Businesses seem to pay more attention to gender issues in senior positions, making most of the positions occupied by male officers Nối câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ 'which' xây dựng mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (restrictive relative clause) Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take exams Such blatant discrimination is now disappearing A After 1986 when most companies would not even allow women to take exams, the blatant discrimination is now disappearing B It was not until 1986 when most companies would not even allow women to take exams that the blatant discrimination is disappearing C Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take exams, but such blatant discrimination is now disappearing D The blatant discrimination, that most companies would not even allow women to take exams, has disappeared Nối câu sử dụng liên từ đối lập VIII Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks In the 1980s feminism became less popular in the US and there was less (1) in solving the remaining problems, such as the fact that most women still earn (2) less than men But American women have more opportunities than anyone thought possible 40 years (3) One of the biggest discrimination is in (4) people think Although there is still discrimination, the principle that should not exist is (5) accepted Feminism has brought (6) many changes in the English language Many words for job (7) that included 'man' have been replaced, for example 'police officer' is used (8) of policeman' and 'chair' or 'chairperson' for 'chairman' 'He' is now rarely used to (9) to a person when the person could be either a man or woman Instead, he/she, or sometimes (s)he, is preferred The title Ms is used for women instead of 'Miss' or 'Mrs', since, like 'Mr, it does not show (10) a person is married or not A concern B interest C worry D care Danh từ hợp nghĩa, hợp cấu trúc từ vựng interest in A much B so C too D as Trạng từ mức độ (much) bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ lượng dạng thức so sánh (less) sau động từ định lượng A earlier B before C ago D then Trạng từ mốc thời gian khứ A what B which C that D how Cách người ta suy nghĩ (how), tức nằm ý niệm khơng phải kết q trình (what), chưa hình thành khái niệm A wide B widen C wider D widely Trạng từ cách thức, mức độ, bổ nghĩa cho động từ (chấp nhận rộng rãi) A about B in C up D to Động từ nhiều thành phần/ đa kết trị: bring about (dẫn tới, đem lại) A names B titles C places D posts Thuật ngữ: (job titles) định danh nghề nghiệp A in terms B instead C on behalf D in position Tạo ngữ giới từ hợp nghĩa: instead of (thay cho) A refer B point C show D indicate Động từ nhiều thành phần/đa kết trị: refer to (chỉ ra) 10 A either B neither C whether D rather Liên từ tương liên: whether or not (có hay không) IX Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in the early 20th century, when the suffragettes won for women the right to vote In the 1960s, feminism - the belief that women and men are equal in abilities and should have equal rights and opportunities - became the subject of intense debate when the women's lib movement encouraged women to reject their traditional supporting role and to demand equal status and equal rights with men in areas such as employment and pay Since then, the gender gap between the sexes has been reduced The Equal Pay Act of 1970, for instance, made it illegal for women to be paid less than men for doing the same work, and in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act aimed to prevent either sex having an unfair advantage when applying for jobs In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up to help people claim their rights to equal treatment and to publish research and statistics to show where improvements in opportunities for women need to be made Women now have much better employment opportunities than formerly, though they still tend to get less well-paid jobs than men, and very few are appointed to top jobs in industry Many people believe that there is still a long way to go before women are treated as equals in employment In education, however, girl's and women's opportunities have improved rapidly and in public employment there are policies to increase the proportion of women employed, which is still very low at senior levels According to the passage, what happened when British women won the right to vote for the first time? A The whole society change their viewpoint on the matter of feminism B The matter of equality for women attracted national attention C Men and women in British society gained equal rights and opportunities D Women and men in British society were equal in abilities Thông tin từ đoạn 1, câu đề (key word: British women - The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in the early 20th century, when the suffragettes won for women the right to vote.) The word 'intense' in the passage is closest in meaning to A heated B firm C light D lively Suy từ ngữ cảnh hợp nghĩa với danh từ debate: tranh cãi, tranh luận When was the Equal Opportunities Commission established in the UK? A 1960 B 1970 C 1975 D 1920 Thông tin đoạn (scanning for number - and in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act aimed to prevent either sex having an unfair advantage when applying for jobs In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up ) According to the passage, which of the following supports research for the sake of women? A The Equal Pay Act B The Equal Opportunities Commission C The Sex Discrimination Act D The Equal Rights Amendment Thông tin đoạn (key word: research - In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up to help people claim their rights to equal treatment and to publish research and statistics to show where improvements in opportunities for women need to be made.) Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A Women no longer have to play their traditional role B Women are now paid the same as men for the same work C Women are still unable to approach top jobs in industry D Women can never reach high rank in public employment Thông tin cuối đoạn (key word: paid - Women now have much better employment opportunities than formerly, though they still tend to get less well-paid jobs than men.) X Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Promoting decent work and income for women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity, is one of the key priorities of the ILO's Decent Work Agenda Integrating gender concerns into employment promotion and creation contributes to more effective boosting of productivity and economic growth; human resources development; sustainable development; and reduce poverty Worldwide progress has been made over the last few decades in increasing women's labour force participation and narrowing gender income gaps, but more efforts are needed to make gender equality in the world of work a reality In Vietnam, just like in the developing world in general, women continue to form a large majority of the working poor, earn less income, and are more often affected by under and unemployment and precarious working conditions than men Women in Vietnam are principally found in lower paid occupational sectors or in vulnerable employment The majority of women work as unpaid family workers, and in largely "invisible" areas of informal employment as migrant domestic workers, homeworkers, street vendors and in the entertainment industry Women's position in the labour market is largely affected by socio-economic disadvantages caused by gender-based discrimination Vietnamese women often have less access to productive resources, education, and skills development and labour market opportunities than men In great part, this is because society assigns both a lower status and most of the unpaid care work to Vietnamese women, and expects them to engage in productive work in subsistence agriculture and the market economy The ILO and Vietnamese constituents have long cooperated on promoting gender equality among male and female workers in the country Current joint efforts are geared at increasing women's opportunities to enterprise development; preventing labour exploitation of (migrant) children and women; and strengthening the equality dimension in labour legislation such as prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination, and promoting equal pay for work of equal value, action against sexual harassment and equalizing the retirement ages for women and men It can be inferred from the passage that ILO stands for A International Law Office B International Labor Organization C Intended Learning Outcomes D Integrated Learning Online Thơng tin suy từ tồn (chủ đề đọc bảo vệ quyền lợi người lao động, đặc biệt lao động nữ, đảm bảo bình đẳng giới cơng việc.) Which of the following is not mentioned in paragraph as a result of integrating gender into employment promotion and creation? A poverty reduction B human resources development C sustainable development D better employment opportunities Thông tin nêu rõ đoạn (Integrating gender concerns into employment promotion and creation contributes to more effective boosting of productivity and economic growth; human resources development; sustainable development; and reduce poverty.) It can be inferred from paragraph that A women's labour force participation has increased B gender income gaps have been narrowed C gender equality in the world of work has not been realized D promoting income for women is considered one of the key priorities Suy từ thông tin đoạn 1, đặc biệt câu cuối ( but more efforts are needed to make gender equality in the world of work a reality.) The word "precarious" may mostly mean A ideal B dangerous C favorable D special Suy từ ngữ cảnh từ miêu tả điều kiện làm việc ( to form a large majority of the working poor, earn less income, and are more often affected by under and un-employment and precarious working conditions than men.) The word "principally" is closest in meaning to A generally B particularly C only D occasionally Suy từ ngữ cảnh từ thể chức trạng từ tình thái (Women in Vietnam are principally found in lower paid occupational sectors or in vulnerable employment The majority of women work as unpaid family workers, and in largely "invisible" areas of ) The author probably uses the phrase 'unpaid family workers' in paragraph to refer to A housewives B women in the family C the daughter of the family D the mother in the family Hồi suy luận từ thông tin nêu đoạn (The majority of women work as unpaid family workers, and in largely "invisible" areas of informal employment as migrant domestic workers, homeworkers, street vendors and in the entertainment industry.) The author probably uses the word "invisible" in the phrase in largely "invisible" areas of informal employment to refer to the fact that A many jobs done by Vietnamese women have not been officially recognized B the jobs done by Vietnamese women are mostly of the illegal job market C none of the jobs done by Vietnamese women are of high security and promotion D most of the jobs done by Vietnamese women are underpaid or not paid at all Dựa vào nghĩa bóng từ suy luận từ ngữ cảnh nêu đoạn Which of the following is NOT true in Vietnam according to the passage? A A large majority of the working poor in Vietnam are women B Most of women work in lower paid occupational sectors than men C Women have less access to labour market opportunities than men D Men not have to face with gender-based discrimination at all Suy từ nội dung tồn bài: Bình đẳng giới chưa hồn tồn đạt được, tổ chức, có ILO Việt Nam hoạt động tích cực kết According to the passage, which is the main reason why, in Vietnam, women hold lower social status than men? A Gender-based discrimination B Precarious working conditions C Women's engagement in productive work D Increasing women's labour force participation Nêu rõ đoạn (Women's position in the labour market is largely affected by socio-economic disadvantages caused by gender-based discrimination Vietnamese women often have less access to productive resources, education, and skills development and labour market opportunities than men.) 10 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT aimed at by The ILO and Vietnamese constituents? A Increasing women's opportunities to enterprise development B Prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination C Equalizing the retirement ages for women and men D Supporting women and their childbearing decisions Thông tin không đề cập ... technology create unexpected opportunities for women A Unexpected opportunities for women are created by urbanization and technology B Women not expect opportunities created by urbanization and... equality of opportunity in all areas of work C If we ensure equality of opportunity in all areas of work, women have had true equality in the company D We need to ensure equality of opportunity in all... occupations and job functions is key increasing companies'' productivity and competitiveness A to B for C in D of Giới từ cụm giới từ cố định với tính từ: key to (là điểm mấu chốt) 19 Supporting