Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Fundamental of the metro componentsTerminology of the rail infrastructure.Terminology of the metro and its definitions.Operations and kinds of aglinement line styles Keywords and vocabulary summarise.
CHAPTER II : THE CHARACTERS OF METRO LINE Outline Chap Contents Fundamental of the metro components Terminology of the rail infrastructure Terminology of the metro and its definitions Operations and kinds of aglinement line styles Keywords and vocabulary summarise Nội dung môn học Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Geometry of a railway line: Above and next to the tracks a certain space should be reserved to ensure the unrestricted passage of vehicles The dimensions of this structure gauge (or clearance) is also based on the internationally approved vehicle gauge of railway rolling stock and the loading gauge, within which the loading of the railway vehicles should be kept Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Geometry of a railway line: The clearance extra effects are dealt with: • Deviation of the correct track geometry • Swinging movement • Deviation due to wind load • Tilting due to cant • Unequal loading of vehicles • Tolerance of vehicle dimensions Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Geometry of a railway line: This figure shows the nomal clearance in which the left side applies to the straight track, the right side to curves with a radius greater than 250m Height measured from top of the rail Figure 2.1 Metro rail track gauge Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Clearance around rail track: The railway law stipulates that no object may be erected that cause an obstruction of the view: • Within a distance of 8m in straight track and on the outside of a curve with a radius of more than 1000m • Within a distance of 20m on the inside of a curve with a radius of less than 1000m Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Tracks structure • Rail – rail pad – baseplate • Baseplate – Sleeper • Sleeper – Ballast bed • Ballast bed – Substructure • Substructure – Natural soil Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Track requirements: The term railway track or “permanent way” entails tracks, switches, crossings, and ballast beds The track is used by locomotives, coaches, and wagons which in Europe normally have maximum axle loads of 22,5T and which run at speeds up to 140 km/h The fact that the purpose of the track is to transport passengers and freight and that operation is required to be as economical as possible and safety, gives rise to a number of the requirements to be met by the track Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Track requirements: Track crossing Track switches Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Track requirements: These are formulated as follows: • Bearing in mind permissible speed and axle loads, the rails and switches must be safe for vehicles to run on To ensure this the track components, such as the rails, must be of such dimensions that they not fall under the traffic load Moreover, the correct geometry must be maintained whether the track is under load or not Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Track requirements: These are formulated as follows: • Tracks and switches must allow comfortable passage at all times Even if safety is not jeopardized, the locomotives and coachs may experience such vibrations and oscillations during the journey that passage becomes unpleasant for the passengers An unfortunate combination of switches, curves and reserve curves may, even if the track is very well constructed and has perfect geometry cause such strong movements in a vehicle that the passengers experience most unpleasant and sometime even frightening sensations Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Track requirements: These are formulated as follows: • Tracks must be electrically insulated so that the track circuits required for signaling continue to function even under the least favourable weather conditions and to ensure that on electricfied sections the return current does not return to earth as stray current Chap II: The characters of Metro line Key words summary No Keywords Meanings No Keywords Tracks 13 Ballast bed Structure gauge 14 Base plate Rolling stock Loading stock 15 16 Permanent way Switches Deviation 17 Crossing Swinging 18 Locomotive Tilting 19 Coach Cant 20 Wagon Tolerance 21 Axle load 10 Stipulate 22 Traffic load 11 Obstruction 23 Maintained 12 Sleeper 24 Oscillation Meanings Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Stations: is a railway station for a rapid transit system Such a station can be elevated, underground, or about ground level depending on the level of the train tracks At crossings of metro lines, they are multi-level There are entrances/exits at ground/street level, often with stairs or sometimes ramps or escalators leading to any elevated or lowered track level area Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Stations Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Tunnels is an underground or underwater passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Tunnels Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Tracks on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties (sleepers) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade It enables trains to move by providing a dependable surface for their wheels to roll For clarity it is often referred to as railway track or railroad track Tracks where electric trains or electric trams run are equipped with an electrification system such as an overhead electrical power line or an additional electrified rail Chap II: The characters of Metro line II.2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Tracks on railway ... Chap II: The characters of Metro line II. 2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Stations Chap II: The characters of Metro line II. 2 Terminology of the metro. .. Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Tunnels Chap II: The characters of Metro line II. 2 Terminology of the metro and its definitions Metro line components: • Tracks on... number of the requirements to be met by the track Chap II: The characters of Metro line II. 1 Terminologies of rail infrastructure Track requirements: Track crossing Track switches Chap II: The characters