PASSIVE VOICE (Passive form)

PASSIVE VOICE (Passive form) Passive voice English grammar Teacher Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page 1 PASSIVE VOICE 0937 541264  DEFINITION  Active sentences Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vậ[.]

Passive voice English grammar PASSIVE VOICE 0937.541264  DEFINITION  Active sentences: Câu chủ động câu chủ ngữ người hay vật thực hành động Ex : They built the house in this village in 1486  Passive sentences: Câu bị động câu chủ ngữ người hay vật nhận chịu tác động hành động Ex : The house was built in this village in 1486  PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION Muốn chuyển câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động, ta thực bước sau: - Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động - Đổi động từ chủ động thành động từ bị động ( gồm TO BE QÚA KHỨ PHÂN TỪ) TENSES Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Future Simple Future Continuous ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE S +V1(s / es) S + am / is / are + p.p People speak English here English is spoken here S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am / is / are + being + p.p They are painting the house The house is being painted S + have / has + p.p S + have / has + been + p.p He hasn’t worn jackets for ages Jackets haven’t been worn for ages S + V2 /ed S + was / were + p.p My mother wrote this letter This letter was written by my mother S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + p.p She was doing the homework at that time yesterday Her homework was being done at that time yesterday S + had + p.p S + had been + p.p They had destroyed all the documents when they arrived All the documents had been destroyed when they arrived S + will / shall + V-0 S + will / shall + be + p.p I will tell you when the time comes You will be told when the time comes S + will / shall + be + V-ing S + will / shall + be + being + p.p We will be holding tasks at this time next year Talks will be being held at this time next year Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice Future Perfect English grammar S + will / shall + have + p.p S + will / shall + have been + p.p You will have finished this report before Tuesday This report will have been finished by Tuesday * Chủ ngữ câu chủ động thành tân ngữ câu bị động đứng trước giới từ by Ex : The President presented the medals => The medals was presented by the President ** Chủ ngữ I, you, we, they, he, she , it, one, someone, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one thường bỏ bị động Ex : Somebody left this purse in a classroom => This purse was left in a classroom *** Nếu câu chủ động có chủ ngữ nobody hay no one động từ câu bị động chia dạng phủ định Ex : Nobody saw him leaving the room => He wasn’t seen leaving the room Vị trí trạng từ câu bị động  Trạng từ cách thức (Adverb of manner) thường đứng be past participle Các trạng từ khác thường đứng sau trợ động từ Ex : This problem has been carefully studied by the scientists She had never been promoted if she wouldn’t have changed her job  Trạng từ cụm từ thời gian đứng sau by + object Ex : The report was typed by the secretary this morning  Trạng từ cụm từ nơi chốn đứng trước by + object Ex : He was found in the forest by the police  SPECIAL CASES  Questions Should we help Jane with the sewing ? => Should Jane be helped with the sewing? What time can the boy hand in their papers? => What time can the boys’ papers be handed in? Who taught you to speak English ? => Who were you taught to speak English => By whom were you taught to speak English? E.g  Verb with two objects Khi động từ chủ động có tân ngữ người (indirect object – I.O) vật (direct object – D.O) tân ngữ làm chủ ngữ câu bị động (a) V + indirect object (I.O) + direct object (D.O) E.g He gave (I.O) the police (D.O) information (b) V + direct object (D.O) + preposition + indirect object (I.O) E.g He gave the (D.O) information to (I.O) the police  Lúc này, dạng bị động thành lập cách:  Tân ngữ gián tiếp trở thành chủ ngữ câu bị động E.g The police were given information  Tân ngữ trực tiếp trở thành chủ từ câu bị động E.g The information were given to the police  Thông thường tân ngữ gián tiếp thường chọn làm chủ từ câu bị động tân ngữ trực tiếp Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice English grammar E.g The council have awarded Andrew the grand prize for his essay Andrew has been awarded the grand prize for his essay by the council (more common) The grand prize has been awarded to Andrew for his essay by the council (less common)  Một số động từ thường dùng với dạng này: award, give, sell, send, show, lend, pay, promise, write, teach,…  Verb of perception Active : Subject + verb + bare infinitive / V-ing Passive : Subject + be + V3 / Ved + to – infinitive / V-ing  Các động từ giác quan thường dùng cấu trúc : feel, see, watch, hear,… E.g We saw them go out of the house They were seen to go out of the house I heard him run upstairs He was heard to run upstairs  Dạng bị động dùng với động từ help make (đi với bare-infinitive) E.g They made him tell the truth => He was told to tell the truth You should help the old carry their heavy bags => The old should be helped to carry the heavy bags  Let dùng TO Tuy nhiên Let dùng dạng bị động, allow dùng dạng bị động để thay E.g : They let is go => We were let go (We were allowed to go)  To-infinitive & infinitive passive : S + be + V3 /ed + to-infinitive  Các động từ mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, cho phép, lời khuyên, lời mời,… dùng theo cấu trúc sau : ask, tell, request, advice, order, allow, invite E.g He asked me to send a stamp I was asked to send a stamp They advised us to go early We were advised to go early  Reporting verb with THAT clause Passive : It + be + V3 / Ved + S2 + V2 S2 + be + V3 / Ved + to + bare-infinitive have + V3 /ed Mệnh đề that dùng làm tân ngữ cho động từ : allege, announce, hope, believe, claim, consider, expect, know, report, rumor, say, think,… Chỉ dùng perfect infinitive trường hợp sau: MAIN CLAUSE THAT CLAUSE Present Simple Past Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Past Simple Past Perfect E.g We know that he is an honest man => It is known that he is an honest man =>He is known to be an honest man century They say that the castle was built in the 19th century => It is said that the castle was built in the 19th century => The castle is said to have been built in the 19th  Imperative form E.g Turn off all the lights before leaving the workshop Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice English grammar => Let the lights be turned off before you leave the workshop => All the lights must be turned off before you leave the workshop Note : Trong trường hợp câu mệnh lệnh có vế cần phải xem xét kĩ chủ ngữ vế, đối sang câu bị động phải đổi kèm với chủ từ vế sau để tránh lỗi phân từ (dangling participial phrases)  Causative form  Active : Subject + have sb sth / get sb to sth  Passive : Subject + have / get + sth done by sb E.g I will get a mechanic to repair my car I will get my car repaired by a mechanic The manager had his secretary type the document The manager had his document typed by the secretary Note : Người ta thường sử dụng cấu trúc bị động thể nhờ vả thể chủ động Ngoài ra, cấu trúc have / get sth done dùng để nói điều khơng tốt đẹp xảy cho người hay vật E.g The shops had its beautiful windows broken in a strong storm Mr Mai has just had her wallet stolen on the bus EXERCISES Rewrite these sentences, using Causative Active Form I asked Jack to polish my shoes Jack will ask the Mason to build his house They are going to tell us to play football She has told the maid to wash her clothes Tom has told the dentist to pull his decaying tooth She told the police to catch the thief We shall ask John to give you this book He had a mechanic repair his car engine Mary often asks the postman to mail her letter 10 I will ask the painter to paint my house soon 11 Mr Green has told the electrician to repair his electric fan 12 Alice is going to tell the manicurist to manicure her nails next Sunday 13 The actress will ask the photographer to take some photos Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice English grammar 14 Mr Pikes asked his students to cut their hair every months 15 We must tell the painter to paint our room soon Rewrite these sentences, using Causative Passive Form 16 The mother has had her daughter make a dress 17 Did you have anyone paint the chair ? 18 The boss has had the servant wash his car 19 We have a carpenter make a desk 20 Mrs Green had had May feed the cat 21 Stepmother had Cinderella separate the rice from the husk 22 Please have someone carry my luggage to the airport 23 Mr Kim is going to have a tailor make a new shirt 24 She is going to have the shoe-repairman mend her shoes 25 Mrs Smith is going to have an eye-specialist examine her eyes Use the correct verb form He has his shoes ………………… every day (shine) He gets his hair ………………… once a month (cut) We shall have those books ……………………… to you (bring) Maria had her landlord …………………… the broken windows before winter (fix) I’ll get a specialist ……………………… my health (check up) They are going to have their wedding card ………………… there (print) She got the post office ……………………… a telephone in his flat (install) Before we leave, let’s have Sally ……………… a map so we wouldn’t get lost (draw) She can’t always get her mother …………………… aloud to her (read) 10 She can make any dogs …………………… her (obey) 11 I called the company to have my telephone …………………… (change) 12 They are going to have a new school …………………… (build) 13 She had a street artist …………………… her portrait (paint) 14 She got the dentist …………………… her decaying tooth (pull out) 15 To please my son, I had his old bicycle …………………… (repair) 16 Minh is getting his document ……………………… (type) Use the correct passive form of these verbs Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice English grammar An island ……………………… by water (cover) I ……………………… to the party last night but I didn’t come (invite) Many accidents …………………… by reckless driving (cause) A new dormitory …………………… in the university campus now (build) Thank goodness ! My jewelry …………………… in the robbery last night (steal / not) If I didn’t my job properly, I ………………………… (sack) The electric light bulb ……………………… by Thomas Edison (invent) Mickey Mouse cartoons …………………………… in sixty languages (translate) If it is foggy, that sport event …………………………… (cancel) 10 The examiners …………………… the result of the examination next week (tell) 11 This machine ……………………… for quite a long time (not use) 12 The clever dog saved Lan and her family from …………………… in the typhoon (catch) 13 I am looking forward to ……………………… fairly (treat) 14 Nylon ……………………………… by an American chemist, Julian Hill in the 1930s (invent) 15 How old is this tower ? It …………………………… to be over 600 years ago (believe) 16 Teacher’s day …………………………………… largely since 1982 (celebrate) 17 We are having our house ………………………… at the moment (paint) 18 Some trees ……………………………… on the sidewalk at the moment (plant) 19 My car has disappeared It ……………………………… by my brother (take) 20 So as not ………………………………… by paparazzi, Angelina Jollies wore a veil (recognize) Rewrite these sentences They say that she is the best singer in this town She They believe he will be the winner It People think that Tom stole food in the supermarket days ago Tom Someone reported that the situation was under control The situation It is said that she works 16 hours a day She Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign The company Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year It It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour The man Someone believed that the President had suffered a heart attack The president 10 They think that the prisoners escaped by climbing over the wall The prisoners 11 It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire The buildings 12 It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice Many people 13 We all expected that Marta will pass the exam It 14 We knew that you are in town on the night of the crime You 15 People believe that he was killed by terrorists He English grammar Change these sentences into the passive voice 16 Our neighbor ought to paint the garage 17 I have to return these books to the library 18 Someone will pay you in ten days 19 They chose him as the best actor of the year 20 The cat has broken many bowls and dishes 21 Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem “A Visit form Saint Nicholas” in 1823 22 Someone has already paid the electrician for his work 23 The teacher always advises us to study harder on the second term 24 People celebrate Tet round the last of January and the beginning of February 25 They taught him French and gave him a dictionary 26 Nguyen Hue School will hold an English-speaking Contest next month 27 A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting 28 They have eaten all the dinner since they finished the conversation 29 Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in? 30 People said that the policeman soon died of cancer 31 People think that we are using too much electricity 32 Every year, Vietnam exports millions of tons of rice Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice English grammar 33 Vietnamese people celebrate their Lunar New Year Festival around January and February 34 Our teacher always advises us to study harder on the second term 35 The Library of Congress in the USA employs over 5000 employees 36 My mother is making “Special Chinese Fried Rice” in the kitchen now 37 Mr Tam is painting his pictures with his patience 38 They are planning to see a new film called “Ghost of Georgia” 39 They are broadcasting the World Cup soccer games all over the world 40 Mary is cutting the cupcake with a sharp knife 41 Bad weather has delayed flight 202 from Miami 42 They have celebrated the Teacher’s Day largely since 1982 43 Science and Technology have completely changed human’s life 44 People have built this building of bricks, stones and cement 45 Nga has typed the report about polluted environment for hours 46 Brothers Lazaro and George Biro invented the ballpoint pen 47 The boy broke the window and took away some money 48 Someone cut down the tree in the garden yesterday 49 The artist painted a huge pictures to raise fund for the poor children 50 Mai wrote some articles about the damage of 11th storm 51 Someone was making coffee while I walked into the kitchen 52 My father was fixing the electrical sockets at this time yesterday 53 SJC Company was holding the meeting while it began to rain 54 Mrs Green was mending the ladder at ten yesterday Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice English grammar 55 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant 56 Mr Han is going to visit Hanoi on his work next week 57 This company will organize an art exhibition next month 58 Nguyen Hue School will hold the English-speaking contest on next Friday 59 Tom will return those books back to the library tomorrow 60 The postman will deliver newspaper to him next week 61 They can’t make tea in cold water They have to make tea in hold water 62 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam 63 You must clean the floor before you paint it 64 The girl has to decide to study law or pharmacy 65 People can’t learn a foreign language in this week 66 They make artificial flower of silk 67 Nick will bring the pizzas to our house 68 You can’t make tea in cold water 69 They are digging some holes in the garden 70 Did you receive your visa yesterday 71 Where will the company send you next year 72 He has spelt the word wrongly 73 She was doing the homework at yesterday 74 They were preparing the meals when I arrived home 75 The zookeeper feeds the animals at the zoo every day Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice 76 Should they help Timothy with cooking dinner ? English grammar 77 The managers have copied the file since you left the company 78 They are going to steal your money if you are not careful 79 The thief broke the window and took away some pictures 80 For centuries, poets, writers and musicians have mentioned Ao dai in poems, novels and songs 81 They are going to plant some flowers and plants in our school yard next week 82 Students in secondary school shouldn’t drive motorbikes at school 83 They had opened a new museum in this land before we came to live in Vietnam in 1999 84 People said that Michael Jackson died of using too much cocaine 85 Their boos made them work very hard until midnight 86 This is the first time they have written to us about this 87 How many lessons are you going to learn next month? 88 Someone had invented electric lights before I was born 89 People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars 90 Before they took exams they had revised their lessons 91 When he came home his father was reading a newspaper 92 My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week 93 When I was 18 years old, my parents allowed me to go out in the evening 94 You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday 95 He is preparing everything for the presidential election 96 Last Friday, when I came to Jane’s house, she had finished all exercises 97 Countries are finding a way to solve the problem Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page 10 Passive voice English grammar A It is thought that he has died a natural death B They thought that he died a natural death C He is thought to have died a natural death D A & C are correct They say that John is the brightest student in class A They said that John is the brightest student in class B They said that John to be the brightest student in class C John is said to be the brightest student in class D It is said that John to be the brightest student in class Does he realize that they are laughing at him? A Is he realized that he is laughing at? B Is he realized that he is being laughed at? C Does he realize that he is laughing at? D D Does he realize that he is being laughed at? The manager had me several jobs A I was offers several jobs B I am offered several jobs C Several jobs are offered to me D the manager had several jobs done We found that they had canceled the soccer match A We found that the soccer match had been canceled B The soccer match had been canceled C The soccer match was found that had been canceled D The soccer match was found to have been canceled by us They saw him search the truck A He is seen searching the truck B He is seen to search the truck C He was seen to search the truck D He was being seen searching the truck His parents made him it A He was made it B He was made to it C He made his parents to it D His parents were made it I get him to cut my hair A My hair has already been cut now B I’ve got to have the barber cut my hair C I get my hair cut D I’ve had my hair cut 9.People say that the American women are used to living independently means A It is said that the American women are used to living independently B The American women are said to be used to living independently C The American women are said they be used to live independently D A & B are correct 10.People think that he was born in a rich family A That is thought he was born in a rich family B He was thought to be born in a rich family C That he was born in a rich family is thought D He is thought to have been born in a rich family 11.the teacher makes us study hard in next term A we are made studied hard in next term B we is made to study hard in next term C we were made to study hard in next term Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page 19 Passive voice English grammar D we are made to study hard in next term 12 They said that the president had arrived in the city A The president was said to have arrived in the city B It is said that the president had arrived in the city C The president was said to arrive in the city D It was said that the president arrived in the city 13 He expects that his father will come back home A It was expected that his father will come back home B His father was expected to be come back home C His father will be expected to come back home D His father is expected to come back home 14 They said that he was all right A He said he was all right B They were said him was all right C He was said he was all right D He was said to be all right 15 The boss let us go home early last week A We are let go home early by the boss last week B We were let go home early by the boss last week C We were allowed to go home early by the boss last week D B& C are correct 15 They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall A The prisoner is thought to escape by climbing over the wall B The prisoner is thought escaped by climbing over the wall C The prisoner is thought having escaped by climbing over the wall D The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall 16 The teacher is watching the students the test A The students is being watched doing the test B The students is being watched the test C The students are being watched doing the test D All are correct 17 They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window A The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window B The thieves are believed to get in through the kitchen window C They believe the thieves got in through the kitchen window D They believe the thieves have got in through the kitchen window 18 They report that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami A Over 200,000 people are reported to have been killed in the tsunami B Over 200,000 people are reported to be killed in the tsunami C Over 200,000 people are reported to have killed in the tsunami D Over 200,000 people are reported to kill in the tsunami 19 We found that they had canceled the game A We found that the game had been canceled B The game had been canceled C we found that the game had been canceled by them D The game were found to be canceled 20 We got her to clean the floor A We got the floor cleaned B We got the floor to have cleaned C She was got to clean the floor D A & C are correct Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page 20 ... by hand 109 A pair of robins has built a nest in the porch since last week Passive voice Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice People drink a great deal of tea in England Tom was writing two poems... Minh is getting his document ……………………… (type) Use the correct passive form of these verbs Teacher: Nguyễn Mạnh Kha Page Passive voice English grammar An island ……………………… by water (cover) I ………………………... Page Passive voice English grammar 14 Mr Pikes asked his students to cut their hair every months 15 We must tell the painter to paint our room soon Rewrite these sentences, using Causative Passive