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Organizational behavior: Lecture 12 provide students with knowledge about: perception and decision making; the link between perceptions and individual decision making; rational decision-making model; steps in the rational decision-making model;... Please refer to this lesson for details!
Organizational Behavior (MGT-502) Lecture-12 Summary of Lecture-11 Attribution The Process through which individuals attempt to determine the causes of others behavior Fundamental Attribution Error The tendency to attribute others’ actions to internal causes (e.g their traits) while largely ignoring external factors that also may have influenced their behavior Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging Others • Selective Perception – People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest, background, experience, and attitudes • Halo Effect – A general impression about an individual is based on a single positive characteristic • Contrast Effects – Evaluations of a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics • Projection – Attributing one’s own characteristics to other people • Stereotyping – Judging someone on the basis of the group to which he/she belongs Impression Management Self-presentation Is the process by which people attempt to manage or control the perceptions other form of them Today’s Topics Perception & Decision Making The Link Between Perceptions and Individual Decision Making Problem: A discrepancy between some current state of affairs and some desired state Perceptions Perceptions of ofthe the decision decision maker maker Decisions: The choices made from among two or more alternatives Outcomes Rational Decision-Making Model A decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcomes Criteria of Decision Effectiveness • • • • Quality Timeliness Acceptance Ethical Appropriateness Two Important DecisionMaking Phases Problem Identification Alternative Development Types of Managerial Decisions • Programmed vs Nonprogrammed • Strategic vs Operational • Top-Down vs Worker-Empowered Methods of Improving Decision Making in Organizations • Human-based Methods • Computer-based Methods • Brainstorming • Nominal Group Technique • Delphi Method p o t s s ’ e t r e e L th i Summary Perception & Decision Making Rational Decision-Making Model A decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcomes Alternatives to Rational Decision- Making • Bounded Rationality • Intuitive Decision-making • Decision-Making by Objection • The Garbage Can Model How are Decisions Actually Made in Organizations • Bounded Rationality – individuals make decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity • Intuitive Decision Making – An unconscious process created out of distilled experience Ethics in Decision Making • Utilitarianism – Seeking the greatest good for the greatest number • Rights – Respecting and protecting basic rights of individuals • Justice • Imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially Methods of Improving Decision Making in Organizations • Human-based Methods • Computer-based Methods • Brainstorming • Nominal Group Technique • Delphi Method Next… Motivation A state of mind, desire, energy or interest that translates into action Organizational Behavior (MGT-502) Lecture-12 ... Nonprogrammed • Strategic vs Operational • Top-Down vs Worker-Empowered Methods of Improving Decision Making in Organizations • Human-based Methods • Computer-based Methods • Brainstorming • Nominal... mind, desire, energy or interest that translates into action Organizational Behavior (MGT-502) Lecture- 12 ... standards Factors Affecting Ethical Decision-Making Behavior Stage of moral development Organizational environment Locus of control Ethical decision-making behavior Criteria of Decision Effectiveness