Luận văn thạc sĩ VNU ULIS exploitings supplementary reading materials to consolidate and develop vocabulary for grade 11 english major students at bien hoa specialized high school, hanam

1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ ANH THOA EXPLOITING SUPPLEMENTARY READING MATERIALS TO CONSOLIDATE AND DEVELOP VOCABULARY FOR GRADE 11 ENGLISH-MAJOR STUDENTS AT BIEN HOA SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOL, HA NAM (Nghiên cứu việc khai thác tài liệu đọc hiểu bổ trợ để củng cố phát triển từ vựng cho học sinh lớp 11 chuyên tiếng Anh trường THPT chuyên Biên Hòa, Hà Nam) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field : English Teaching Methodology Code : 601410 Hanoi – 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ ANH THOA EXPLOITING SUPPLEMENTARY READING MATERIALS TO CONSOLIDATE AND DEVELOP VOCABULARY FOR GRADE 11 ENGLISH-MAJOR STUDENTS AT BIEN HOA SPECIALIZED HIGH SCHOOL, HA NAM (Nghiên cứu việc khai thác tài liệu đọc hiểu bổ trợ để củng cố phát triển từ vựng cho học sinh lớp 11 chuyên tiếng Anh trường THPT chuyên Biên Hòa, Hà Nam) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field : English Teaching Methodology Code : 601410 Supervisor: Đào Thị Thu Trang, M.A Hanoi – 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BHSHS : Bien Hoa Specialized High School MOET : Ministry of Education and Training ELT : English Language Teaching L2 : Second Language LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The number of hours spent on learning new words every day 26 Figure 2: Students’ preference in joining the supplementary reading programme 29 Figure 3: Students’ feelings while taking part in the supplementary reading programme 30 Figure 4: Students’ attitudes towards consolidating and developing vocabulary through the supplementary reading texts 31 Figure 5: Students’ assessment of their vocabulary knowledge gained through the supplementary reading programme 35 Figure 6: Students’ explicit evaluation of the effectiveness of consolidating and developing vocabulary through the supplementary reading texts plus vocabulary enhancement exercises 36 Figure 7: Students’ expectation after joining the supplementary reading programme 36 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Students’ awareness of the role of vocabulary in their English learning 25 Table 2: The sources from which the students learn new words 26 Table 3: Students’ actual ways of learning and consolidating new words 27 Table 4: Students’ difficulties in learning new words 28 Table 5: Students’ awareness of consolidating and developing vocabulary through supplementary reading texts 28 Table 6: Students’ assessment of the selected supplementary reading texts and the design of the vocabulary enhancement exercises 31 Table 7: Students’ assessment of the most effective types of the vocabulary enhancement exercises 32 Table 8: Students’ assessment of the benefits gained from reading the supplementary reading texts 33 Table 9: Students’ assessment of the benefits gained from doing the enhancement exercises after the supplementary reading texts 34 Table 10: Results of the pre-test 37 Table 11: Results of the post-test 38 Table 12: Results of the pre-test and post-test 39 Table 13: Results of the pre-test and post-tests 39 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration Acknowledgements Abstract List of Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables i ii iii iv iv v PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale for the Study Aims and Research Questions of the Study Scope of the Study Significance of the Study Research Methodology Design of the Study 1 2 2 4 4 5 5 6 PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Vocabulary in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 1.1.1 Definitions of Vocabulary 1.1.2 Classification of Vocabulary 1.1.2.1 According to the Concept of Morpheme 1.1.2.2 According to the Meaning 1.1.2.3 According to the Function of Vocabulary Items in a Sentence 1.1.2.4 According to the Sequence of Use 1.1.3 What Needs to Be Taught? 1.1.3.1 Form: Pronunciation and Spelling 1.1.3.2 Grammar 1.1.3.3 Collocation 1.1.3.4 Aspects of Meaning 1.1.3.5 Word Formation 1.1.4 Ways to Develop and Consolidate Vocabulary…… 1.1.4.1 Ways to Develop Vocabulary 1.1.4.2 Ways to Consolidate Vocabulary 1.1.5 The Role of Vocabulary in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning… 11 1.2 Supplementary Reading Materials and Vocabulary Acquisition 12 1.2.1 Definitions of Supplementary Reading Materials 12 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 1.2.2 Roles of Supplementary Reading Materials in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 1.2.3 Relationship Between Reading and Vocabulary Growth 1.2.4 Studies on L2 Vocabulary Acquisition through Reading and Reading plus Other Activities 1.3 Summary CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Research Context 2.2 Research Approach 2.3 Participants 2.4 Data Collection Instruments 2.4.1 Questionnaires 2.4.2 Pre-Test and Post-Tests 2.5 Intervention: The Supplementary Reading Programme 2.5.1 The Supplementary Reading Materials 2.5.2 The Types of Vocabulary Exercises Exploited in the Supplementary 13 13 14 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 Reading Texts 2.5.3 The Schedule for the Supplementary Reading Programme 2.6 Data Collection Procedures 2.7 Data Analysis Procedures 2.7.1 Questionnaires 2.7.2 Pre-test and post-tests 2.8 Summary 20 21 23 24 24 24 24 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 25 3.1 Preliminary Investigation 25 3.1.1 Students’ awareness of the role of vocabulary in their English learning 25 3.1.2 Students’ actual ways of learning and consolidating new words 25 3.1.3 Students’ difficulties in learning new words 28 3.1.4 Students’ awareness of consolidating and developing vocabulary through supplementary reading texts and their preference in joining the supplementary reading programme 28 3.2 Evaluation 30 3.2.1 Results and discussion from the post-task questionnaire 30 3.2.2 Results and discussion from the pre-test and post-tests 37 3.3 Summary 40 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 10 42 42 43 43 44 REFERENCES 45 APPENDICES I PART C: CONCLUSION Summary of Major Findings Pedagogical Implications of the Study Limitations of the Study Suggestions for Further Studies LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 11 PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale for the Study Nowadays, in the time of co-operation and globalization, English is used as a means of international communication Therefore, more and more people all over the world are trying to master this language In Viet Nam, to meet the demands for development and integration of the country into the world, over the last decades, more emphasis has been put on the teaching and learning of English language At present, English is a compulsory subject in most schools of all levels, especially at high schools It is undeniable that vocabulary plays an important role in teaching and learning English Concerning the significance of vocabulary, Wilkin (1972, p 110) stated “without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed” Also, vocabulary is an important language element that links four language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing together Thus, vocabulary deficiency will lead to deficiency in other language skills However, the reality of teaching and studying English in general, English vocabulary in particular at high schools in Viet Nam is still far from satisfaction So far, English vocabulary has not been received considerable attention from many Vietnamese learners and teachers As a matter of fact, in English lessons, words are introduced and taught quickly and most of the time is spent on grammar practice and fulfillment of the tasks As a result, most students have difficulty in learning English vocabulary especially in using words in appropriate situations As a teacher of English at a specialized high school, I am fully aware of the importance of English vocabulary Moreover, I am now in charge of teaching English for grade 11 English-major students These students have to take part in many examinations especially ones for gifted students Thus, they have to acquire a large amount of English vocabulary to tests on reading, listening skills and they need good vocabulary knowledge to express their ideas in writing and speaking However, my students’ vocabulary is still limited All these reasons have motivated me to conduct a study on “Exploiting supplementary reading materials to consolidate and develop vocabulary for grade 11 English-major students at Bien Hoa Specialized High School, Ha Nam.” Aims and Research Questions of the Study LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 12 The study aims at implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of consolidating and developing English vocabulary for grade 11 English-major students through supplementary reading materials plus vocabulary enhancement exercises and exploring their attitudes towards the supplementary reading programme after the trial period In order to achieve the mentioned aims, the following questions have been proposed:  Is it effective to consolidate and develop vocabulary for grade 11 English-major students through supplementary reading materials plus vocabulary enhancement exercises?  What are the students’ attitudes towards the supplementary reading programme after the trial period? Scope of the Study This research only focuses on consolidating and developing vocabulary through supplementary reading materials for 32 grade 11 English-major students at Bien Hoa Specialized High School (BHSHS) Due to the time constraint, the researcher could only carry out the research during 10 weeks Five themes in the textbook “Tieng Anh 11 Nang Cao” were chosen and ten supplementary reading texts accompanied by some types of vocabulary enhancement exercises were exploited to help the students to consolidate and develop vocabulary Fifty vocabulary items were supposed to be mastered at the post-tests Significance of the Study This research was implemented with the hope that it would help the teaching and learning English vocabulary for grade 11 English-major students at BHSHS more effective If this way of teaching and learning vocabulary actually helps to develop the students’ vocabulary knowledge, it should be applied to the teaching and learning of English at other grades Research Methodology This is an action research conducted at the researcher’s own class at BHSHS During the process of implementing this study, the data were collected from a pre-task questionnaire, a post-task questionnaire, a pre-test, two post-tests and then analysed by means of descriptive statistic devives It is hoped that with the combination of these data collection instruments, reliable findings would be yielded from the research Design of the Study LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 13 This study includes three main parts, which are presented as follows: Part A is the introduction which includes the rationale for the research topic, aims and research questions, research methodology, scope, significance and design of the study Part B is the development which consists of three following chapters: Chapter reviews some theoretical background relevant to the study It includes general knowledge of English vocabulary in foreign language teaching and learning and an overview of supplementary reading materials and vocabulary acquisition Chapter presents the research methodology This chapter introduces the research context, research approach, participants, intervention, data collection instruments, data collection procedures and data analysis procedures Chapter goes into details of the data analysis, results and discussion Part C is the conclusion which includes the summary, implications, limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies PART B: DEVELOPMENT LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 80 II Now complete the sentences below using the vocabulary from the above column Be sure to use the correct form of each word She was an elegant and woman There was _ time to get to the airport We are facing the _ of our resources Do not hover or looking for special ingredients I hope to have the of working with them again I have never been so _ in my life Do not use your chopsticks as _ A gan of workmen were shovelling rubble onto a truck with _ Each country has its own codes of III Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets The fisrt part of the plan has been safely (accomplish) It was one of the President’s greatest (accomplished) The food supplies are to meet the needs of the hungry (adequate) Education policies should _ the disadvantaged children (privilege) Those in authority were in a position (privilege) His comments were seen as an to the president (insult) She was really _ to me (insult) They went out in freezing condiitons to _ snow (shovel) Now complete the following table Verb Noun denoting person doing the work Noun denoting action or activity Adjective Adverb accomplised inadequate privilege insult shovel IV Make sentnences with the following words accomplishment: inadequate: privilege: insulting: embarrassing: starvation: V Complete the following table with what you should and what you shouln’t when attending a Vietnamese-hosted dinner The first has been done for you LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 81 Do’s Don’ts 10 11 Appendix 13: Supplementary Reading Text UNIT 3: PARTIES Supplementary reading text Several types of parties that are mainly held by teens and young adults are house parties, dance parites, and outdoor parties In the United States and the United Kingdom the term house party refers to a type of party where large groups of people get together at a private house, to socialize and consume alcoholic beverages House parties which center around the consumption of beer which is pumped from a keg into plastic cups are called keg parties or “Keggers” These parties are popular in the US amongst college students, but are technically illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to attend, and often, even older partygoers break the law for violating ordinances regulating noise and disorderly conduct Dance parties are gatherings in bars or community centers where the guests dance The music for dance parties is usually selected and played by a powerful stereo system Conversation is not an integral part of these parties as those who attend express themselves through their dancing and by gesturing Outdoor parties include bush parties and beach parties Bush parties are a social event held in a secluded area of forest in which friends gather to drink beer and liqour and talk These parties are often held around a bonfire to provide a source of light and warmth A beach party is usually held on a sandy shoreline of a lake, river, or sea, and the gathering often centers around a bonfire I Choose the correct answer for the following question 1.Which party is not referred? LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 82 A.Dance party C House party B Beach party D.Housewarming party At a house party, A people of all ages can attend B anyone under 21 years old is not allowed to attend C anyone under 21 years old is allowed to attend D only elderly people can attend Guests come to a dance party mainly A to dance C to socialize B to talk D to make conversations A bush party is held A at a new house C in a remote forest B at a discotheque D on a beach A bonfire is set A to make the party more interesting B to cook some food C to make the dancing more exciting D to provide warmth and light II Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets Before he died, he had _ a large quantity of alcohol (consume) Health-conscious _want more information about the food they buy ( consume) Gas and oil always increases in cold weather (consumer) Basketball is his _ passion (consume) I enjoy _ with the other students (social) They carried out research into the roles of men and women in today’s ( socialize) Team sports help to develop a child’s skills (society) State occasions usually _ around the king himself (central) Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural _for the surrounding villages ( centre) 10 Prevention also plays a role in traditional medicine (centre) III Make sentences with the following words socialize:……………………………………………………………… ………… sociable:…………………………………………………………………… ……… social:………………………………………………………………………….…… society:……………………………………………………………………………… centre:…………………………………………………………………….………… consume:………………………………………………………………………….… consumption:………………………………………………………………… …… consumer:…………………………………………………………………………… IV Summarize some key information about three types of parties mainly held by teens and young aldults by writing all the words and phrases relating to these parites LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 83 Appendix 14: Supplementary Reading Text UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK AND LITERACY PROGRAMS Supplementary reading text 1: Voluntary Service Overseas VSO VSO is a registered charity dedicated to assisting in developing countries More specifically, it is a recruitment agency which finds, selects and places volunteers in response to overseas requests This work makes it distinctive among other charities and organizations in the UK It sends people, not money, so that its services are, in effect, entirely complementary to the efforts being made by agencies like Oxfam, Christian Aid and Save the Children Fund with whom it often works directly VSO tries to respond to requests from overseas which ask for volunteers Its bias is firmly towards the poorest members of the community and it takes great care to avoid undermining job opportunities for local people Both staff and volunteers also pay special attention to women’s roles in development projects This is because women’s roles in child-rearing, in education and community cohesion are essential in any healthy process of change Over the past 38 years, more than 21,000 volunteers have worked abroad with VSO There are now over 1,900 volunteers working in 59 of the less developed countries in Africa, Asia, the Pacific and the Caribbean The application of each volunteer is carefully considered in order to select and interview candidates against each job request from the field, to seek the person with the right blend of skills and personality VSO, the work SVO volunteers not go to developing countries as visiting experts with all the answers It is always a process of sharing and learning The aim is that when the volunteer returns home, there exists a community with a stronger sense of indepence and selfreliance……and a volunteer with a new understanding and appreciation of life and people everywhere The range of jobs required of VSO is wide- reflecting the needs of any society in the modern world I Look at the list of words from the reading Match each one with a definition on the right LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 84 distinctive bias undermine rearing cohesion a a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement b the process of caring for children as they grow up, teaching them how to behave as members of society c the act or sate of sticking together d having a quality or characteristics that makes sth different and easily noticed e to make sth, especially sb’s confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective II Now complete the sentences below using the vocabulary from the above column Be sure to use the correct form of each word Emloyers must consider all candidates impartially and without………… The first cause of the liberation of women was the development of effective birthcontrol methods, freeing women from the endless cycle of childbearing and………………… The male bird has ……… black and white markings on its head Our confidence in the team has been seriously…… by their recent defeats Paragraph …………means that one paragraph is about only one main topic III Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets The police are trying to more officers from ethnic minotities.(recruit) He spoke of us scornfully as raw _.( recruit) SVO is a _ agency which finds, selects and places volunteers in response to overseas requests.( recruit) She _ a family of her own (rear) A trailer was attached to the _ of the truck (rear) The house has got both front and _ windows (rear) She never _ to my letter (respond) 60% of the _ agreed with the suggestion (respond) The product was developed in _ to customer demand (respond) Now complete the following table: Verb Noun denoting person doing the work Noun denoting action or activity Adjective Adverb recruitment rear response IV.Choose the best answer for each question LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 85 VSO is different from other charities and organizations in the UK because it _ A is a registered body B sends financial aid to developing countries C sends volunteers to help abroad D recruits volunteers to work in Britain Requests from overeas most likely to be dealt with are those which A specifically ask for female staff and volunteers B require volunteers to work with the local inhabitants C require help and advice on health care D need help to train less wealthy members of the community According to those who work for VSO, who plays the most important part in bringing about change? A charitable organizations C women in local communities B volunteers from abroad D staff who recruit volunteers What happens when VSO wants to appoint new volunteers? A They give preference to applicants living abroad B They give each applicant several interviews C They refer applications to countries requesting volunteers D They match all applicants to jobs very carefully The volunteer chosen to go out to a developing country _ A must have experience of working overseas B will quickly become an expert in the field C will gain more knowledge about the world we live in D must leave the country before it becomes independent VI Summarize some key information about SVO LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 86 Appendix 15: Supplementary reading text UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK AND LITERACY PROGRAMS Supplementary reading text 2: Volunteering and its Surprising Benefits Helping Yourself While Helping Others In today’s busy society, it can be hard to think about finding time to volunteer However, the benefits of volunteering are enormous, both to you, your family and the community The right match can help you find friends, reach out to the community, learn new skills and even advance your career Volunteering can even help protect your mental and physical health Learn more about the many benefits of volunteering and tips on finding the right place for you Benefits of volunteering 1: Volunteering connects you to others One of the better-known benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community Unpaid volunteers are often the glue that holds a community together Volunteering allows you to connect to your community and make it a better place However, volunteering is a two-way street, and it can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost your social skills Volunteering helps you make new friends and contacts One of the best ways to make new friends and strengthen existing relationships is to commit to a shared activity together Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area Volunteering also strengthens your ties to the community and broadens your support network, exposing you to people with common interests, neighborhood resources, and fun and fulfilling activities Volunteering increases your social and relationship skills While some people are naturally outgoing, others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests Once you have momentum, it’s easier to branch out and make more friends and contacts Benefits of volunteering 2: Volunteering is good for your mind and body Volunteering provides many benefits to both mental and physical health  Volunteering increasing self-confidence Volunteering can provide a healthy boost to your self-confidence, self-esteem and life satisfaction You are doing good for others and the community, which provides a natural sense of accomplishment Your role as a volunteer can also give you a sense of pride and identity And the better you feel about yourself, the more likely you are to have a positive view of your life and future goals  Volunteering combats depression Reducing the risk of depression is another important benefit of volunteering A key risk factor for depression is social isolation Volunteering keeps you in regular contact with others and helps you LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 87 develop a solid support system, which in turn protects you against stress and depression when you’re going through challenging times  Volunteering helps you stay physically healthy Volunteering is good for your health at any age, but it’s especially beneficial in older adults Studies have found that those who volunteer have a lower mortality rate than those who not, even when considering factors like the health of the participants Volunteering has also been shown to lessen symptoms of chronic pain or heart disease Benefits of volunteering 3: Volunteering can advance your career If you’re considering a new career, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field Even if you’re not planning on changing careers, volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork, communication, problem solving, project planning, task management, and organization You might feel more comfortable stretching your wings at work once you’ve honed these skills in a volunteer position first Volunteering can provide career experience Volunteering offers you the chance to try out a new career without making a long-term commitment It is also a great way to gain experience in a new field In some fields, you can volunteer directly at an organization that does the kind of work you’re interested in For example, if you’re interested in nursing, you could volunteer at a hospital or a nursing home Your volunteer work might also expose you to professional organizations or internships that could be of benefit to your career Volunteering can teach you valuable job skills Just because volunteer work is unpaid does not mean the skills you learn are basic Many volunteering opportunities provide extensive training For example, you could become an experienced crisis counselor while volunteering for a women’s shelter or a knowledgeable art historian while donating your time as a museum docent Volunteering can also help you build upon skills you already have and use them to benefit the greater community For instance, if you hold a successful sales position, you raise awareness for your favorite cause as a volunteer advocate, while further developing and improving your public speaking, communication, and marketing skills Benefits of volunteering 4: Volunteering brings fun and fulfillment to your life Volunteering is a fun and easy way to explore your interests and passions Doing volunteer work you find meaningful and interesting can be a relaxing, energizing escape from your day-to-day routine of work, school, or family commitments Volunteering also provides you with renewed creativity, motivation, and vision that can carry over into your personal and professional life Many people volunteer in order to make time for hobbies outside of work as well For instance, if you have a desk job and long to spend time outdoors, you might consider volunteering to help plant a community garden, lead local hikes, or help at a children’s camp LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 88 Consider your goals and interests You will have a richer and more enjoyable volunteering experience if you first take some time to identify your goals and interests Start by thinking about why you want to volunteer Also think about what you would enjoy doing Volunteer opportunities that match both your goals and your interests are most likely to be fun and fulfilling for you I Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets She _ herself to her work (dedicate) He is a _ teacher (dedicate) Hard work and make her successfyl in her caree.( dedicated) Schools need to help children to read ( volunteer) Jill to organize a petition (volunteer) Attendance on the course is purely (volunteered) He was not asked to leave- he went _ (volunteer) A good diet is to health (benefit) Who will be the main of the cuts in income tax? ( beneficial) Now complete the following table: Verb Noun denoting Noun denoting Adjective Adverb person doing the action or work activity -dedicate volunteer benefit II Make sentences with the following words volunteer: dedicate: combat: hone: III In your opinion, what are the benefits of doing volunteer work? Write an essay to express your ideas (220-250 words) LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 89 Appendix 16: Supplementary reading text UNIT 5: COMPETITIONS Supplementary reading 1: Miss World The Miss World pageant is the oldest surviving major international beauty pageant It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951 Since his death in 2000, Morley's wife, Julia Morley, co-chairs the pageant Alongside its rival Miss Universe and Miss Earth contests, this pageant is one of the most publicised beauty contests in the world The winner spends a year travelling to represent the Miss World Organization and its various causes Traditionally, Miss World lives in London during her reign The current Miss World is Alexandria Mills of United States History Miss World started as the Festival Bikini Contest, in honour of the recently introduced swim wear of the time, but was called "Miss World" by the media It was originally planned as a one-off event Upon learning about the upcoming Miss Universe pageant, Morley decided to make the pageant an annual event Opposition to the wearing of bikinis led to their replacement with more modest swim wear after the first contest In 1959, the BBC started broadcasting the competition The pageant's popularity grew with the advent of television During the 1960s and 1970s, Miss World would normally be the highest rated programme of the year on British television, usually pulling in around 30 million viewers In the 1980s, the pageant repositioned itself with the slogan Beauty With a Purpose, with added tests of intelligence and personality However, the competition has been seen as oldfashioned and rather politically incorrect in its native Britain It was during the 80s that the company was owned by Transworld Communications, albeit for a short time Despite the global appeal, the show was not broadcast on any major terrestrial British TV network for several years, until Channel aired it in 1998 Miss World Organization The Miss World Organization owns and manages the annual Miss World Finals, a competition that has grown into one of the World’s biggest Since its launch in 1951, the Miss World Organization has raised more than £250 million for children’s charities Miss World is franchised in more than 100 countries Miss World, Limited is a privately held LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 90 firm, and thus figures for its earnings, expenses and charitable contributions are not publicly available Aside from raising millions of pounds for charities around the globe under the banner of its 'Beauty with a Purpose' program, Miss World is also credited with directly influencing a dramatic increase in tourism in Sanya, China, host city of the Miss World finals in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010 I Look at the list of words from the reading Match each one with a definition on the right opposition advent albeit terrestrial air launch franchise a operating on earth rather than from a satellite b to broadcast a programme on the radio or on television c the act of strongly disagreeing with sb/sth, especially with the aim of preventing sth from happening d the coming of an important event, person, invention e although f the action of lauching sth, an event at which sth is launched g to give a franchise to sb II Now complete the sentences below using the vocabulary from the above column Be sure to use the correct form of each word Delegates expressed strong _ to the plans The official date is in May The pageant’s popularity grew with the _ of television He finally agreed, _ reluctantly, to help us The show will be _ next Tuesday night Catering has been _ (out) to a private company Despite the global appeal, the show was not broadcast an any major _ Bristish network for several years III Fill each blank with the proper form of the word in parentheses The committee includes _ from industry ( represent) Each colour on the chart _ a different department ( representation) Queen Victoria _ from 1837 to 1901 (reign) Tradditionally, Miss World lives in London during her _ (reign) Beauty contests for women often have rules regarding the “purity” of the _ ( contest) This party would bitterly the re- introduction of the death penalty (opposition) They are totally _ to abortion ( oppose) In the theater, we enjoy a dramatic contest between two _ sides ( oppose) Ian, our , introduced us to the other guests ( host) 10 The 2003 Women’s World Cup was by the United States ( host) LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 91 11 Let’s go out for some fresh _ ( air) 12 the sheets well ( Air) 13 The concert will be live tomorrow evening ( broadcast) 14 We watched a live _ of his speech last night ( broadcast) 15 On 15th October in 2003, China its first manned spacecraft into space (launch) Now complete the following table: Verb Noun denoting Noun denoting Adjective Adverb person doing the action or activity work represent reign contest oppose host air broadcast launch IV Making sentences with the following words Advent: Launch: Air: Albeit: Franchise: Reign: Represent: Oppose: V Answer the following questions When and where was Miss World created? Who was the founder of Miss World contest? How often does Miss World happen? Who is the current Miss World? LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 92 Appendix 17: Supplementary reading text 10 UNIT 5: COMPETITIONS Supplementary reading text 2: The Olympic Games In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in fouryear cycles called “Olympiads”, dating from 776 B.C The contests coincided with religious festivals and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented I Choose the best answer for each question Which of the following is NOT true? A Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads B The games were held in Greece every four years C Battles were interrupted to participate in the games D Poems glorified the winners in song The world “elite” is closest in meaning to A aristocracy B brave C intellectuals Why were the Olympic Games held? A to stop wars C to honor Zeus B to crown the best athletes D to sing songs about the athletes Approximately how many ago did these games originate? A 800 years B 1,200 years C 2,300 years What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks? A They were pacifists B They believed athletic events were important C They were very simple D They couldn’t count, so they used “ Olympiads” for dates What is the main idea of this passage? D muscular D 2,800years LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 93 A Physical fitness was an intergral part o fthe lives of the ancient Greeks B The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness programs C The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games D The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were over The word “deeds” is closest in meaning to A accomplishments B documents C ancestors D property Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics? A They must have completed military service B They had to attend special training sessions C They had to be Greek males with no criminal record D They had to be very religious The word “ halted” means most nearly the same as A Encouraged B started C curtailed D fixed 10 What is an “Olympiad”? A The time it took to finish the games B The time between games C The time it took to finish a war D The time it took the athletes to train II Fill each blank with the proper form of the word in parentheses They stood in silence as a mark of to her ( honour) The President us with a personal visit ( honourable) I was to have been mentioned in his speech ( honour) They managed an 2-2 draw ( honour) The competition is _ to young people under the age of 18 ( open) He _ the letter and read it ( open) The movie has an exciting ( open) I like the _ chapter of the book ( open) Can you talk about sex with your parents? ( open) 10 He still hopes to win his claim against unfair _ ( dismiss) 11 She is very upset because her son is very _ ( disobey) 12 Careful _ for the exam is essential ( preparee) 13 I was not for all the problems it caused ( prepare) 14 The troops are in a state of _ ( preparation) LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 94 Now complete the following table: Verb Noun denoting person doing the work honour open dismiss disobey prepare calculate coincide please Noun denoting action or activity Adjective Adverb III Make sentences with the following words dismiss:……………………………………………………………….…….……… obey:……………………………………………………………………… ……… calculation:………………………………………………………………………… pleasure:…………………………………………………………………………… honour:…………………………………………………………………….… … opnening:………………………………………………………………………… IV Summarize some key information about the Olympic Games LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ... consolidate and develop vocabulary for grade 11 English- major students through supplementary reading materials plus vocabulary enhancement exercises?  What are the students? ?? attitudes towards the supplementary. .. evaluating the effectiveness of consolidating and developing English vocabulary for grade 11 English- major students through supplementary reading materials plus vocabulary enhancement exercises and. .. students? ?? vocabulary is still limited All these reasons have motivated me to conduct a study on “Exploiting supplementary reading materials to consolidate and develop vocabulary for grade 11 English- major